How to distinguish the authenticity of virtual currency
Publish: 2021-05-05 12:41:10
1. Can issuing money as a kind of financial management.
2. Virtual currency is based on the virtual platform, so as long as the platform can confirm that the currency is real, the platform depends on the website, and as long as the website is identified, the platform can't be wrong
3. For example,
the front of a 100 real note:
1. In the figure under the 100 character in the upper right corner, the 100 character can be seen in the side light
2. Chairman Mao's collar is concave and convex
3. There is a word "100" on the right of 100 in the lower left corner
4. When the two sides are connected into a cylinder, the pattern can match
5. Red marks can appear on the wall< On the back:
1, 2005, there are four rows of microfigures under the number and seal The magnifier can see RMB 100)
2
Other:
watermark avatar
with the help of professional banknote detector, the golden 100 words can be seen on the front.
the front of a 100 real note:
1. In the figure under the 100 character in the upper right corner, the 100 character can be seen in the side light
2. Chairman Mao's collar is concave and convex
3. There is a word "100" on the right of 100 in the lower left corner
4. When the two sides are connected into a cylinder, the pattern can match
5. Red marks can appear on the wall< On the back:
1, 2005, there are four rows of microfigures under the number and seal The magnifier can see RMB 100)
2
Other:
watermark avatar
with the help of professional banknote detector, the golden 100 words can be seen on the front.
4. Don't tell. It's basically a hoax.
5. The basic methods and principles for the identification of ancient coins are as follows: first, we should master the characteristics of the times and indivial characteristics of coins of each era. Ancient coins all reflect the characteristics of the times of coin making, and at the same time, ancient coins also have their indivial characteristics. By mastering these characteristics, we can know what kind of coins they are, and distinguish real money from fake money according to these characteristics. The characteristics of ancient coins include the characters and the shape. The characters are the characters cast on the ancient coins, and the shape refers to the shape structure, casting technology and material composition of the ancient coins. It is the basic method to identify the authenticity and value of each era and each kind of ancient coin to understand these characteristics and indivial characteristics of each era and each kind of currency. If we find a coin which is very different from its characteristics of the times and indivial characteristics, we should pay special attention to its authenticity, and then use other methods to identify it. Second. Use scientific methods to distinguish the fake rust and color of fake money. In the identification of ancient coins, it is very important to distinguish the true and false of copper rust and copper color, because it is difficult to judge the authenticity of some counterfeit coins from the shape of characters, and the method of identifying the rust color is simple. Third, be familiar with the basic characteristics of counterfeit money. To identify counterfeit money, we should not only understand the basic characteristics of the times and indivial characteristics of real money in each era, but also understand the basic characteristics of counterfeit money. The surface of the altered counterfeit money is uneven, the color of the front and back of the assembled counterfeit money is different, there are always traces around the chiseled words, and the coins made by the sanding method are slightly smaller and thinner than the real money, etc. Fourth, to master the knowledge related to the identification of ancient coins, we should understand the relevant monetary theory, extensive historical knowledge, common sense of casting ancient coins, the ancient philology of "planting spectrum and lying record" and the knowledge of ancient rules and regulations of past dynasties. It is very necessary to identify ancient coins. Fifthly, we need to understand the coinage of Korea, Vietnam, Japan and other neighboring countries. These countries have all passed through our country's coinage, and also imitated many Chinese coins. We should master the characteristics of their coins and avoid confusion with Chinese coins
the previous identification of coins mainly used six characters, namely, character, quality, sound, color, spirit and taste. In Chinese, it refers to the characters and patterns, breath and style; in quality, it refers to the shape, technology and material composition of coins; in sound, it refers to the sound of coins; in color, it refers to the rust color and slurry; in spirit, it refers to the charm of coins; in taste, it refers to the smell of coins
the flavor and style of words and patterns refer to whether the words and patterns of coins are fluent and comfortable, whether the words and patterns are elegant or clumsy, and whether they conform to the characteristics of the times. It can be said that the style of characters (patterns) is a difficult point in coin identification, because everyone's views on appreciation are different, and the conclusion of a controversial coin may be quite different. However, in large aspects, we can basically reach a consensus. For example, in the pre Qin period, the Warring States period and the Qin Dynasty, the characters of coins were carved on the mold by craftsmen with knives, because there was no certain type of font, Therefore, there are many editions, basically not the same. Although the characters are created by craftsmen, they have no craftsmanship. They are smooth, natural and vivid, and have their own taste. Among them, there are also model Mint makers, with powerful and strong fonts. In the Han Dynasty, the five baht editions were complicated and the writing styles were different, which could not be distinguished by Fang family. Zhang's level was limited and he did not dare to talk nonsense. In Han Dynasty, Wang Mang, an expert in making money, was famous for his fluent and elegant font, well-balanced layout, and six springs and ten cloth. There are also goods cloth and goods spring. The font is made of hanging needle seal, and most of them are exquisitely made. During the Three Kingdoms, Jin Dynasty, southern and Northern Dynasties, e to continuous wars, the coins were relatively poor. Generally speaking, the characters of the coins in the Three Kingdoms, Cao Wei Dynasty were relatively free and fluent; Sun Wu's currency writing is more flexible and bold; The coins of the two Jin dynasties have different writing styles e to the different casting places. They are rich in goods, vigorous and dignified in the Han Dynasty, bold and unrestrained and natural in the great Xia Dynasty, open and close in a certain degree, and cool new springs with a certain degree of density. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, there are elegant Xiaojian Sizhu and Yongguang, dignified wuzhu (Chen), taihuoliuzhu and so on The five elements Dabu, buquan, Changping wuzhu, Xiaojian, Yongguang and so on compete with each other, each with its own characteristics. Tong Bao of Tang Kaiyuan was written by Ouyang Xun according to the records of food and goods in the old book of Tang Dynasty. Its characters contain eight points and its official style is strict and dignified. This style runs through the whole Tang Dynasty. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Han Yuan, Yongping, Tongzheng, Tianhan, Guangtian, Qiande, Xiankang, Kaiyuan (Wang shenzhu) Yonglong and others, such as Zhou Yuan, inherited the calligraphy style of the Tang Dynasty, I'm sorry. Since the Song Dynasty, every emperor has cast a year's money every time he changes the yuan. The money is rich and varied, elegant or vulgar, clumsy or skillful, with rigorous writing and excellent structure. Personally, from the overall level, it is the peak of the development of Qian calligraphy in China. After the Song Dynasty, the overall level of Qian calligraphy began to decline, and there was a revival in the Jin Dynasty, represented by Taihe Fuchang. In the Yuan Dynasty, some of the regular script were graceful and generous, but the overall level was not high, showing a downward trend. Except Xianfeng, there were few excellent works in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Xianfeng coin is the last revival of Qian calligraphy in ancient Chinese coinage. Each bureau's Qian calligraphy is presented in different colors, such as a lady from a big family or a jasper from a small family
pattern identification is mainly used in spending money. The spending money patterns of each era have their own characteristics of the times, which is not the focus of this paper, so I won't talk more about it here
to use coin characters (patterns) to identify coins, you should not only be familiar with the writing style of the same period, but also have certain calligraphy skills or calligraphy appreciation ability. This may be a bit demanding for beginners, but you can rest assured that you can read more, think more, and guess more. As time goes on, you can be confident
note: the following articles about the identification of coins by means of rusty coated slurry are excerpted from Mr. Zheng Jiaxiang's works. At present, many coins in the market are mostly copied from Mr. Zheng Jiaxiang's works, and Zhang also borrowed them. Because there are many changes in the methods of counterfeiting, some of them are not suitable. Zhang boldly added some of his own ideas in the middle
after a hundred years of underground corrosion, some of the unearthed ancient coins are covered with emerald green, some are red, green, yellow and white, and are mottled, which is called "shengkengshu" in the field of coins. The ancient coins handed down from generation to generation, e to long-term appreciation, sweat and oil into the surface, and the body is yellowish brown or brown. In order to obtain the surface effect of "shengkeng" and "handed down from generation to generation", the counterfeiters used the color of the counterfeit money. The common methods are as follows:
1. Green. There are five ways to forge the green rust:
(1) after two or three years of burying the forged money in the soil and taking it out, it will be covered with green rust Zhang San Shao note: there are some high-end fakes that have been in the soil for more than two or three years. Maybe they have been in the soil for about ten years, and then they are added with acid. Now they are covered with hard green rust, which has great lethality. Yiquan and I once paid tuition fees before. The rust of this kind of money is not seamless. The color of green rust is tender and floating.)
(2) the forged coins are dipped in hydrochloric acid or acetic acid and then buried in the soil. After a year and a half, they are taken out and covered with green rust. The fake money soaked in hydrochloric acid and peracetic acid can also rust in dark and humid places. But this kind of green rust is on the floating surface and can't penetrate into the bone. The green rust of real money is brittle and easy to fall off, and can't proce hard green. It can only become localized green, so hard green rust can't be forged Zhang San Shao note: this method is currently the most commonly used method of counterfeiting shengkeng money in the city. It is a low-grade counterfeit. With a little attention, you can distinguish it. In addition, now hard green rust can also be made)
(3) use glue to mix with green powder, apply it on the money, then add mud and water, and wait for drying, then it becomes earthy green rust. This kind of fake money is most afraid of boiling, because once boiled, the rust will fall off completely Zhang sanshao's note: it is no longer meaningful to use boiling water to identify fake rust. With the development of science and technology, there are many glues that are not afraid of boiling water)
(4) using rosin mixed with green powder and smeared on fake money, it becomes a kind of hard green embroidery, which is hard to identify at first sight, such as rubbing it with hot hands or soaking it in hot water, and smelling rosin with nose, You can tell if it's a forgery (5) after a year and a half, the enamel is dry and hard, like hard green embroidery, but its color is not as natural as hard green unearthed, and it is easy to peel off (2) there are four ways to forge red rust on ancient coins unearthed in red color:
(1) burn the forged coins to make them transparent, immerse them in cold water, and then bring red rust on them; It is then dipped in hydrochloric acid or acetic acid and buried in the soil. After a year and a half, it is red and green and rusty. It looks like ancient coins have been unearthed. However, this method can only be used for copper coins. If the copper coins of Ming and Qing Dynasties are forged by fire, they can not turn red
(2) red powder mixed with glue can also proce red green rust color according to the above method, but its weakness is the same as that of forged green rust
(3) if red and green are mixed with rosin and applied on the counterfeit money, it will become red and green rust, and its weakness is the same as that mentioned above
(4) red and green rust can be formed by mixing red and green enamel on the counterfeit money. Its weakness is the same as the above Zhang San Shao note: Nowadays, the first method is often used to make red rust, or resin, paint, etc. are applied on the money, and most of them are made into semi handed down antiques)
in short, red can not be independent, it must be combined with green or blue or handed down antiques
3. Blue rust. The colors of the unearthed coins are red, green and blue. The counterfeiters only use glue, rosin and enamel to make them, but few of them make them Zhang sanshao's note: judging from the counterfeit money I have seen at present, there are not many counterfeit money made in red, green and blue colors.
4. Handed down from ancient times, some of the ancient money has been handed down through the ages and has not been buried in the earth, so most of the round money has no red and green rust, only has a kind of black brown on the surface of the money, which is called handed down from ancient times. Some of them were buried in the soil, but after a long time of friction, most of the red and green rust fell off, and only a few of them remained green or red. The amount of rust left is related to the playing time and pit style of the plate. If the playing time is short, more rust will be left.) the rest has turned into black brown copper, which is called semi handed down ancient. There are usually two ways to forge this color
(1) the fake money is calcined with fire, then cooled, and the surface of the money turns black. After a year and a half, the color of the money is glossy, which is similar to the real money.
the previous identification of coins mainly used six characters, namely, character, quality, sound, color, spirit and taste. In Chinese, it refers to the characters and patterns, breath and style; in quality, it refers to the shape, technology and material composition of coins; in sound, it refers to the sound of coins; in color, it refers to the rust color and slurry; in spirit, it refers to the charm of coins; in taste, it refers to the smell of coins
the flavor and style of words and patterns refer to whether the words and patterns of coins are fluent and comfortable, whether the words and patterns are elegant or clumsy, and whether they conform to the characteristics of the times. It can be said that the style of characters (patterns) is a difficult point in coin identification, because everyone's views on appreciation are different, and the conclusion of a controversial coin may be quite different. However, in large aspects, we can basically reach a consensus. For example, in the pre Qin period, the Warring States period and the Qin Dynasty, the characters of coins were carved on the mold by craftsmen with knives, because there was no certain type of font, Therefore, there are many editions, basically not the same. Although the characters are created by craftsmen, they have no craftsmanship. They are smooth, natural and vivid, and have their own taste. Among them, there are also model Mint makers, with powerful and strong fonts. In the Han Dynasty, the five baht editions were complicated and the writing styles were different, which could not be distinguished by Fang family. Zhang's level was limited and he did not dare to talk nonsense. In Han Dynasty, Wang Mang, an expert in making money, was famous for his fluent and elegant font, well-balanced layout, and six springs and ten cloth. There are also goods cloth and goods spring. The font is made of hanging needle seal, and most of them are exquisitely made. During the Three Kingdoms, Jin Dynasty, southern and Northern Dynasties, e to continuous wars, the coins were relatively poor. Generally speaking, the characters of the coins in the Three Kingdoms, Cao Wei Dynasty were relatively free and fluent; Sun Wu's currency writing is more flexible and bold; The coins of the two Jin dynasties have different writing styles e to the different casting places. They are rich in goods, vigorous and dignified in the Han Dynasty, bold and unrestrained and natural in the great Xia Dynasty, open and close in a certain degree, and cool new springs with a certain degree of density. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, there are elegant Xiaojian Sizhu and Yongguang, dignified wuzhu (Chen), taihuoliuzhu and so on The five elements Dabu, buquan, Changping wuzhu, Xiaojian, Yongguang and so on compete with each other, each with its own characteristics. Tong Bao of Tang Kaiyuan was written by Ouyang Xun according to the records of food and goods in the old book of Tang Dynasty. Its characters contain eight points and its official style is strict and dignified. This style runs through the whole Tang Dynasty. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Han Yuan, Yongping, Tongzheng, Tianhan, Guangtian, Qiande, Xiankang, Kaiyuan (Wang shenzhu) Yonglong and others, such as Zhou Yuan, inherited the calligraphy style of the Tang Dynasty, I'm sorry. Since the Song Dynasty, every emperor has cast a year's money every time he changes the yuan. The money is rich and varied, elegant or vulgar, clumsy or skillful, with rigorous writing and excellent structure. Personally, from the overall level, it is the peak of the development of Qian calligraphy in China. After the Song Dynasty, the overall level of Qian calligraphy began to decline, and there was a revival in the Jin Dynasty, represented by Taihe Fuchang. In the Yuan Dynasty, some of the regular script were graceful and generous, but the overall level was not high, showing a downward trend. Except Xianfeng, there were few excellent works in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Xianfeng coin is the last revival of Qian calligraphy in ancient Chinese coinage. Each bureau's Qian calligraphy is presented in different colors, such as a lady from a big family or a jasper from a small family
pattern identification is mainly used in spending money. The spending money patterns of each era have their own characteristics of the times, which is not the focus of this paper, so I won't talk more about it here
to use coin characters (patterns) to identify coins, you should not only be familiar with the writing style of the same period, but also have certain calligraphy skills or calligraphy appreciation ability. This may be a bit demanding for beginners, but you can rest assured that you can read more, think more, and guess more. As time goes on, you can be confident
note: the following articles about the identification of coins by means of rusty coated slurry are excerpted from Mr. Zheng Jiaxiang's works. At present, many coins in the market are mostly copied from Mr. Zheng Jiaxiang's works, and Zhang also borrowed them. Because there are many changes in the methods of counterfeiting, some of them are not suitable. Zhang boldly added some of his own ideas in the middle
after a hundred years of underground corrosion, some of the unearthed ancient coins are covered with emerald green, some are red, green, yellow and white, and are mottled, which is called "shengkengshu" in the field of coins. The ancient coins handed down from generation to generation, e to long-term appreciation, sweat and oil into the surface, and the body is yellowish brown or brown. In order to obtain the surface effect of "shengkeng" and "handed down from generation to generation", the counterfeiters used the color of the counterfeit money. The common methods are as follows:
1. Green. There are five ways to forge the green rust:
(1) after two or three years of burying the forged money in the soil and taking it out, it will be covered with green rust Zhang San Shao note: there are some high-end fakes that have been in the soil for more than two or three years. Maybe they have been in the soil for about ten years, and then they are added with acid. Now they are covered with hard green rust, which has great lethality. Yiquan and I once paid tuition fees before. The rust of this kind of money is not seamless. The color of green rust is tender and floating.)
(2) the forged coins are dipped in hydrochloric acid or acetic acid and then buried in the soil. After a year and a half, they are taken out and covered with green rust. The fake money soaked in hydrochloric acid and peracetic acid can also rust in dark and humid places. But this kind of green rust is on the floating surface and can't penetrate into the bone. The green rust of real money is brittle and easy to fall off, and can't proce hard green. It can only become localized green, so hard green rust can't be forged Zhang San Shao note: this method is currently the most commonly used method of counterfeiting shengkeng money in the city. It is a low-grade counterfeit. With a little attention, you can distinguish it. In addition, now hard green rust can also be made)
(3) use glue to mix with green powder, apply it on the money, then add mud and water, and wait for drying, then it becomes earthy green rust. This kind of fake money is most afraid of boiling, because once boiled, the rust will fall off completely Zhang sanshao's note: it is no longer meaningful to use boiling water to identify fake rust. With the development of science and technology, there are many glues that are not afraid of boiling water)
(4) using rosin mixed with green powder and smeared on fake money, it becomes a kind of hard green embroidery, which is hard to identify at first sight, such as rubbing it with hot hands or soaking it in hot water, and smelling rosin with nose, You can tell if it's a forgery (5) after a year and a half, the enamel is dry and hard, like hard green embroidery, but its color is not as natural as hard green unearthed, and it is easy to peel off (2) there are four ways to forge red rust on ancient coins unearthed in red color:
(1) burn the forged coins to make them transparent, immerse them in cold water, and then bring red rust on them; It is then dipped in hydrochloric acid or acetic acid and buried in the soil. After a year and a half, it is red and green and rusty. It looks like ancient coins have been unearthed. However, this method can only be used for copper coins. If the copper coins of Ming and Qing Dynasties are forged by fire, they can not turn red
(2) red powder mixed with glue can also proce red green rust color according to the above method, but its weakness is the same as that of forged green rust
(3) if red and green are mixed with rosin and applied on the counterfeit money, it will become red and green rust, and its weakness is the same as that mentioned above
(4) red and green rust can be formed by mixing red and green enamel on the counterfeit money. Its weakness is the same as the above Zhang San Shao note: Nowadays, the first method is often used to make red rust, or resin, paint, etc. are applied on the money, and most of them are made into semi handed down antiques)
in short, red can not be independent, it must be combined with green or blue or handed down antiques
3. Blue rust. The colors of the unearthed coins are red, green and blue. The counterfeiters only use glue, rosin and enamel to make them, but few of them make them Zhang sanshao's note: judging from the counterfeit money I have seen at present, there are not many counterfeit money made in red, green and blue colors.
4. Handed down from ancient times, some of the ancient money has been handed down through the ages and has not been buried in the earth, so most of the round money has no red and green rust, only has a kind of black brown on the surface of the money, which is called handed down from ancient times. Some of them were buried in the soil, but after a long time of friction, most of the red and green rust fell off, and only a few of them remained green or red. The amount of rust left is related to the playing time and pit style of the plate. If the playing time is short, more rust will be left.) the rest has turned into black brown copper, which is called semi handed down ancient. There are usually two ways to forge this color
(1) the fake money is calcined with fire, then cooled, and the surface of the money turns black. After a year and a half, the color of the money is glossy, which is similar to the real money.
6. 1、 The main anti-counterfeiting features of banknotes
1. Watermark is a security measure applied in the process of paper making, which is formed by using special technology to change the degree of fiber dispersion. Due to the need of high technology, complex technology and special equipment, watermark has anti-counterfeiting effect. Under the condition of facing light perspective, we can see the watermark pattern with clear outline, strong three-dimensional sense and relief three-dimensional effect. Watermark is usually divided into full version watermark and fixed watermark. Full page watermark is that the whole face is regularly distributed with several identical watermark patterns; There is no fixed position relative to the pattern printed on the bill. Fixed watermark means that the watermark pattern is fixed in a certain position on the face of the ticket, and it often takes human images, buildings, animals or complete geometric patterns as the subject matter of watermark. Among the fourth set of RMB banknotes in circulation in China, one yuan note, two yuan note and five yuan note all use banknote special paper with full version ancient coin watermark; Ten yuan voucher, five yuan voucher and one hundred yuan voucher use banknote special paper with fixed portrait watermark. The fixed portrait watermark is located on the left side of the front of the banknote, followed by the head of the farmer, the head of the worker and the side head of Mao Zedong
2. Safety line safety line is also a kind of anti-counterfeiting mark applied in the paper making process by using special technology. Its characteristic is that under the condition of facing the light, we can see a regular line with a certain width running through the whole face from top to bottom. In the fourth set of RMB, an opaque safety line is applied to the right side of the front of the 1990 version of the five hundred yuan note and the one hundred yuan note, while no safety line is applied to the 1980 version of the five hundred yuan note and the one hundred yuan note mixed with it
3. Pattern matching is a special banknote printing process. When printing banknotes, a special banknote printing machine is used to make the pattern at a specific position on the front and back of banknotes be printed at one time to form a "printing pattern". It is characterized by the fact that under the condition of facing the light, all lines of two different color patterns at the opposite position of the front and back of the banknote can be seen overlapping completely; At the same time, compared with the pattern observed from one side, the color of the lines of the pattern which is consistent with the perspective of facing light changes slightly e to the complete overlap of different color lines in the relative positions of the two sides. In the fourth set of RMB, the small flowers on the left side of the national emblem and on the right side of the year number on the front side of the one yuan, two yuan and five yuan certificates are all "opposite printing patterns"
4. Multicolor wiring pattern multicolor wiring pattern is also printed by special banknote printing process. It is characterized by a pattern of lines composed of a variety of different colors, different colors of lines at the junction of natural transition, no leakage, no overlap, no dislocation phenomenon. In the fourth set of RMB, the flower and bird patterns on the central part of the front of the one to ten yuan banknotes and the flower groups on the top right of the back of the five hundred yuan and one hundred yuan banknotes are multicolor wiring patterns< Engraving gravure printing engraving gravure printing is also a special banknote printing process. Its printing procts are characterized by rich color, luster, rich layers and raised lines, which have a special texture that other printing methods do not have. Touch the point and line on the gravure pattern with your hand to have concave and convex feeling. Engraving gravure printing is a kind of original gravure printing which is made by engraving artists and plate making experts using hand carving, machine carving and other methods to "carve" the designed pattern on a special metal plate. The pattern on the original gravure printing is composed of points and lines concave into the metal plate. Using the special plate making process, the original plate is made into a printing plate, and combined with the special banknote printing process, the ink on the printed proct is finally protruded on the paper surface. Engraving gravure printing has always been one of the main anti-counterfeiting measures for banknotes because of its special techniques, special printing materials, printing equipment and unique printing quality. Among the fourth set of RMB currently in circulation, the front portrait, line name, lace, Braille dot, denomination number and the national emblem, scenery, lace, minority characters, line name and Chinese pinyin on the back of the one yuan to one hundred yuan voucher are all engraved gravure printing
6. Colorless fluorescent pattern colorless fluorescent pattern is printed with ink containing fluorescent material. Its characteristic is that it is invisible under ordinary light, but only under the ultraviolet light with specific wavelength, it can show yellow green pattern. In the fourth set of RMB, the words "Wu Shi", "50", "Yi" and "100" are printed on the left and right sides of the front face of the 1990 version of five hundred yuan coupon and one hundred yuan coupon respectively with colorless fluorescent ink. However, the 1980 version of the five hundred yuan voucher and one hundred yuan voucher have no such anti-counterfeiting features
7. Magnetic imprint magnetic imprint is printed with ink containing magnetic material. Test the magnetic mark on the ticket with a magnetic detector, and the magnetic signal will be displayed. In the fourth set of RMB, magnetic marks are printed on the black gravure on the front and back of the five hundred yuan and one hundred yuan coupons (including the 1980 and 1990 versions)< Second, the anti-counterfeiting characteristics of metal coins< In the current new version of metal currency, dime, five dime and one round coins are made of special aluminum alloy, special copper alloy and nickel plated steel core respectively; The material of metal currency is special aluminum alloy
2. In the current circulation of 5-dime coins with special structure, the wire teeth on the edge are discontinuous, which is called "discontinuous tooth wire". The commemorative coin issued by the people's Bank of China to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Chairman Mao Zedong's birth uses advanced symmetrical scrolling technology at the edge. Two groups of symmetrical scrolling are "Zhong Guo" and "∪". We call it "peripheral scrolling"< Third, the methods of identifying the true and false RMB banknotes can be summarized as "seeing, touching, hearing, pen extension and instrument detection"
1. It depends on whether the watermark of banknotes is clear and whether there is a three-dimensional effect of relief. At present, there are watermarks in counterfeit banknotes, but they are printed with colorless ink. Although they have outlines, they do not have the special texture of watermarks of real banknotes; See whether there is a safety line, some counterfeit money also has a safety line, but it is also made of ink imitation printing, and there is no three-dimensional sense; Check whether the lines of the pattern are completely consistent, whether the color transition of the polychromatic wiring pattern is natural, and whether there is overlap and dislocation; See if the gravure pattern is composed of dots and lines. At present, most of the counterfeit banknotes are copied by color copier and offset printing technology. All the patterns are composed of a variety of dots with different depths. There is no characteristic of gravure printing pattern, which can be identified by observing with a magnifying glass
2. Touching the concave and convex part of the real coin by hand has the feeling of concave and convex, while the counterfeit coin does not have this characteristic, so it feels smooth by hand
3. The paper used to print banknotes is very special, tough, stiff and folding, and it will make a clear sound when it is flicked or shaken by hand; The paper used for counterfeit money is ll when it shakes, and the paper has no characteristics of real money paper
4. If a sheet of tissue paper is applied to the watermark position and the security line position of the banknote, pencil extension is used. If it is a real banknote, there will be a clear and hierarchical watermark outline and a continuous security line extension mark from top to bottom, but the counterfeit banknote does not have the above effect
5. Under the illumination of fluorescent lamp, the real coin will show yellow green fluorescence at a specific position; Some of the counterfeit coins of the 1990 edition of the five hundred yuan and one hundred yuan certificates do not have the above characteristics, while some have fluorescent patterns, but the hue is different from that of the real coins. The magnetic imprint was detected by magnetic detector. It needs to be reminded that when purchasing banknote detection instruments, we must choose the instruments that have passed the appraisal of relevant departments of the people's Bank of China, otherwise we will confuse the fake with the real or confuse the real with the fake
the following simple methods can be used to identify the true and false metal coins. Feel or weigh the weight of a single metal coin; The color, diameter, edge thickness and the clarity of the pattern of the metal coins were compared by visual inspection; A round of metal coin can be sucked up by a magnet
if you have doubts about the authenticity of RMB, you can make "comprehensive judgment" according to the main anti-counterfeiting features and identification methods of RMB mentioned above; You can also find a real RMB with the same denomination and year of issue for careful comparison. You need to find the differences between the two, not the similarities. However, in case of more complicated situation, it should be sent to the bank for detection and identification, because there are other technical secrets on the RMB, but only the technical authority has mastered them.
1. Watermark is a security measure applied in the process of paper making, which is formed by using special technology to change the degree of fiber dispersion. Due to the need of high technology, complex technology and special equipment, watermark has anti-counterfeiting effect. Under the condition of facing light perspective, we can see the watermark pattern with clear outline, strong three-dimensional sense and relief three-dimensional effect. Watermark is usually divided into full version watermark and fixed watermark. Full page watermark is that the whole face is regularly distributed with several identical watermark patterns; There is no fixed position relative to the pattern printed on the bill. Fixed watermark means that the watermark pattern is fixed in a certain position on the face of the ticket, and it often takes human images, buildings, animals or complete geometric patterns as the subject matter of watermark. Among the fourth set of RMB banknotes in circulation in China, one yuan note, two yuan note and five yuan note all use banknote special paper with full version ancient coin watermark; Ten yuan voucher, five yuan voucher and one hundred yuan voucher use banknote special paper with fixed portrait watermark. The fixed portrait watermark is located on the left side of the front of the banknote, followed by the head of the farmer, the head of the worker and the side head of Mao Zedong
2. Safety line safety line is also a kind of anti-counterfeiting mark applied in the paper making process by using special technology. Its characteristic is that under the condition of facing the light, we can see a regular line with a certain width running through the whole face from top to bottom. In the fourth set of RMB, an opaque safety line is applied to the right side of the front of the 1990 version of the five hundred yuan note and the one hundred yuan note, while no safety line is applied to the 1980 version of the five hundred yuan note and the one hundred yuan note mixed with it
3. Pattern matching is a special banknote printing process. When printing banknotes, a special banknote printing machine is used to make the pattern at a specific position on the front and back of banknotes be printed at one time to form a "printing pattern". It is characterized by the fact that under the condition of facing the light, all lines of two different color patterns at the opposite position of the front and back of the banknote can be seen overlapping completely; At the same time, compared with the pattern observed from one side, the color of the lines of the pattern which is consistent with the perspective of facing light changes slightly e to the complete overlap of different color lines in the relative positions of the two sides. In the fourth set of RMB, the small flowers on the left side of the national emblem and on the right side of the year number on the front side of the one yuan, two yuan and five yuan certificates are all "opposite printing patterns"
4. Multicolor wiring pattern multicolor wiring pattern is also printed by special banknote printing process. It is characterized by a pattern of lines composed of a variety of different colors, different colors of lines at the junction of natural transition, no leakage, no overlap, no dislocation phenomenon. In the fourth set of RMB, the flower and bird patterns on the central part of the front of the one to ten yuan banknotes and the flower groups on the top right of the back of the five hundred yuan and one hundred yuan banknotes are multicolor wiring patterns< Engraving gravure printing engraving gravure printing is also a special banknote printing process. Its printing procts are characterized by rich color, luster, rich layers and raised lines, which have a special texture that other printing methods do not have. Touch the point and line on the gravure pattern with your hand to have concave and convex feeling. Engraving gravure printing is a kind of original gravure printing which is made by engraving artists and plate making experts using hand carving, machine carving and other methods to "carve" the designed pattern on a special metal plate. The pattern on the original gravure printing is composed of points and lines concave into the metal plate. Using the special plate making process, the original plate is made into a printing plate, and combined with the special banknote printing process, the ink on the printed proct is finally protruded on the paper surface. Engraving gravure printing has always been one of the main anti-counterfeiting measures for banknotes because of its special techniques, special printing materials, printing equipment and unique printing quality. Among the fourth set of RMB currently in circulation, the front portrait, line name, lace, Braille dot, denomination number and the national emblem, scenery, lace, minority characters, line name and Chinese pinyin on the back of the one yuan to one hundred yuan voucher are all engraved gravure printing
6. Colorless fluorescent pattern colorless fluorescent pattern is printed with ink containing fluorescent material. Its characteristic is that it is invisible under ordinary light, but only under the ultraviolet light with specific wavelength, it can show yellow green pattern. In the fourth set of RMB, the words "Wu Shi", "50", "Yi" and "100" are printed on the left and right sides of the front face of the 1990 version of five hundred yuan coupon and one hundred yuan coupon respectively with colorless fluorescent ink. However, the 1980 version of the five hundred yuan voucher and one hundred yuan voucher have no such anti-counterfeiting features
7. Magnetic imprint magnetic imprint is printed with ink containing magnetic material. Test the magnetic mark on the ticket with a magnetic detector, and the magnetic signal will be displayed. In the fourth set of RMB, magnetic marks are printed on the black gravure on the front and back of the five hundred yuan and one hundred yuan coupons (including the 1980 and 1990 versions)< Second, the anti-counterfeiting characteristics of metal coins< In the current new version of metal currency, dime, five dime and one round coins are made of special aluminum alloy, special copper alloy and nickel plated steel core respectively; The material of metal currency is special aluminum alloy
2. In the current circulation of 5-dime coins with special structure, the wire teeth on the edge are discontinuous, which is called "discontinuous tooth wire". The commemorative coin issued by the people's Bank of China to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Chairman Mao Zedong's birth uses advanced symmetrical scrolling technology at the edge. Two groups of symmetrical scrolling are "Zhong Guo" and "∪". We call it "peripheral scrolling"< Third, the methods of identifying the true and false RMB banknotes can be summarized as "seeing, touching, hearing, pen extension and instrument detection"
1. It depends on whether the watermark of banknotes is clear and whether there is a three-dimensional effect of relief. At present, there are watermarks in counterfeit banknotes, but they are printed with colorless ink. Although they have outlines, they do not have the special texture of watermarks of real banknotes; See whether there is a safety line, some counterfeit money also has a safety line, but it is also made of ink imitation printing, and there is no three-dimensional sense; Check whether the lines of the pattern are completely consistent, whether the color transition of the polychromatic wiring pattern is natural, and whether there is overlap and dislocation; See if the gravure pattern is composed of dots and lines. At present, most of the counterfeit banknotes are copied by color copier and offset printing technology. All the patterns are composed of a variety of dots with different depths. There is no characteristic of gravure printing pattern, which can be identified by observing with a magnifying glass
2. Touching the concave and convex part of the real coin by hand has the feeling of concave and convex, while the counterfeit coin does not have this characteristic, so it feels smooth by hand
3. The paper used to print banknotes is very special, tough, stiff and folding, and it will make a clear sound when it is flicked or shaken by hand; The paper used for counterfeit money is ll when it shakes, and the paper has no characteristics of real money paper
4. If a sheet of tissue paper is applied to the watermark position and the security line position of the banknote, pencil extension is used. If it is a real banknote, there will be a clear and hierarchical watermark outline and a continuous security line extension mark from top to bottom, but the counterfeit banknote does not have the above effect
5. Under the illumination of fluorescent lamp, the real coin will show yellow green fluorescence at a specific position; Some of the counterfeit coins of the 1990 edition of the five hundred yuan and one hundred yuan certificates do not have the above characteristics, while some have fluorescent patterns, but the hue is different from that of the real coins. The magnetic imprint was detected by magnetic detector. It needs to be reminded that when purchasing banknote detection instruments, we must choose the instruments that have passed the appraisal of relevant departments of the people's Bank of China, otherwise we will confuse the fake with the real or confuse the real with the fake
the following simple methods can be used to identify the true and false metal coins. Feel or weigh the weight of a single metal coin; The color, diameter, edge thickness and the clarity of the pattern of the metal coins were compared by visual inspection; A round of metal coin can be sucked up by a magnet
if you have doubts about the authenticity of RMB, you can make "comprehensive judgment" according to the main anti-counterfeiting features and identification methods of RMB mentioned above; You can also find a real RMB with the same denomination and year of issue for careful comparison. You need to find the differences between the two, not the similarities. However, in case of more complicated situation, it should be sent to the bank for detection and identification, because there are other technical secrets on the RMB, but only the technical authority has mastered them.
7. Help the poor, help the poor more carefully
8. Token, usually translated as token. Token is one of the important concepts in blockchain. Its more well-known name is "token". However, in the view of professional "chain circle" people, its more accurate translation is "token", which represents a proof of rights and interests on the blockchain, rather than currency
first, it is digital proof of rights and interests, which must be in the form of digital certificate of rights and interests, representing a right, an inherent and intrinsic value
Second, encryption. The authenticity, tamper proof and privacy protection of the token are guaranteed by cryptography
thirdly, it can flow in a network, so that it can be verified anytime and anywhere.
first, it is digital proof of rights and interests, which must be in the form of digital certificate of rights and interests, representing a right, an inherent and intrinsic value
Second, encryption. The authenticity, tamper proof and privacy protection of the token are guaranteed by cryptography
thirdly, it can flow in a network, so that it can be verified anytime and anywhere.
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