Virtual currency is not property

1.

According to the news on February 10, 2018, on September 4, 2017, seven ministries and commissions of the people's Republic of China issued the notice on preventing the financing risk of token issuance, which regulates the issuance of tokens. In the notice, the nature of all kinds of tokens and "virtual currency" is clearly defined: it is not issued by the monetary authority, and it has no monetary attributes such as legal compensation and mandatory, It does not have the same legal status as currency and cannot and should not be used as currency in the market. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that all kinds of "virtual currency" still have a certain property value and are part of the property of the holder. So, how to identify the nature of the theft of such tokens

In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of "virtual token" holders, the author intends to discuss such issues through a relevant news report and relevant cases

stealing bitcoin

recently, a news report said that Haidian police in Beijing cracked a case of destroying computer information system. The suspect Zhong used his administrator's authority to modify the company's computer applications and steal 100 bitcoins. Before he could sell the stolen money, Zhong was arrested by the police. At present, Zhong was detained for the crime of destroying computer information system

it can be seen from the report that the police detained the perpetrator for stealing bitcoin on suspicion of damaging the computer information system. The crime of destroying the computer information system stipulated in Article 286 of the criminal law of our country refers to the act of deleting, modifying, adding or interfering with the functions of the computer information system in violation of the provisions of the state, resulting in the abnormal operation of the computer information system and serious consequences, or deleting, modifying or interfering with the data and application programs stored, processed or transmitted in the computer information system Modifying or adding operations with serious consequences, or deliberately making or spreading destructive programs such as computer viruses, which affect the normal operation of the computer system with serious consequences

In the author's opinion, this crime is one of the crimes of impairing social management order in Chapter 6 of the criminal law, that is, the legal interest protected by this crime is actually the public order of our society, not the property interests of the digital currency holders, which in fact denies the property value of digital currency, It is only protected as a data or system function in a computer system. The author thinks that there is some irrationality in this way

first of all, in the notice on the prevention of bitcoin risk issued in 2013, it is mentioned that bitcoin is not a real currency because it is not issued by the monetary authority and does not have such monetary attributes as legal compensation and compulsion. Bitcoin has four main characteristics: no centralized issuers, limited amount, no geographical restrictions and anonymity. Because it belongs to a specific virtual commodity in nature The notice also clearly mentioned that bitcoin does not have the same legal status as currency and should not be used as currency in the market. However, as a virtual commodity, the property value behind bitcoin cannot be ignored

Secondly, Article 127 of the general provisions of the civil law, which came into effect on October 1 last year, stipulates that if the law has provisions on the protection of data and network virtual property, such provisions shall prevail. Although only the protection of the network virtual property has made the principle provisions, but it can not be denied that this shows our country's attitude towards the protection of the network virtual property. Although there is no special law for the protection of data and network virtual property in China, from the perspective of the general provisions of civil law, it is predicted that there will be relevant legislation in the future

finally, from the relevant cases, we can also see the recognition of the property attribute of virtual currency such as bitcoin in China's judicial practice. In April and may 2013, Liu premeditated to set up a bitcoin trading platform, so he recruited Jin and Huang (both sentenced) to jointly set up a "bitcoin" trading platform. During this period, Liu, Huang, Jin, Jin and the defendant he, in addition to other acts of directly stealing customers' funds, also frequently cashed RMB by selling customers' bitcoins, and transferred 120 bitcoins from the website. Finally, the court convicted and punished the defendant for fraud, and the bitcoin transferred by the defendant was also included in the property loss of the victim. Therefore, from the judicial cases, we can also get the recognition of the property attributes of virtual currency such as bitcoin

based on the above reasons, the author thinks that it may be unreasonable to regulate the theft of virtual currency only as the crime of damaging computer information system. We should face up to the hidden property value and consider the application of the crime of infringing property in China's criminal law. Only in this way can we effectively protect the legitimate rights and property of digital currency holders in China

2. Digital currency is in its own name and account, which is its own assets. The digital currency issued by the state is endorsed and guaranteed by the national credit, unlike bitcoin.

3. Of course, this is illegal. Online game virtual currency belongs to personal property and is protected by Chinese law
of course, bitcoin, Ruitai coin, Laite coin and vitality coin also belong to the category of virtual property and are protected by law.

4. Virtual currency can be purchased in cash, of course, it can be regarded as property. Killing people in the game is not a crime.

5. The object of virtual currency legal relationship is a small amount of funds transfer. This is not only our country, but also the blank part of the world's law. Encountering such economic disputes, we can only use laws similar to gambling law. At present, there are reports that the central bank may enter this field, which may lead to the improvement of the law.

6.

Bitcoin is an Internet virtual asset

unlike all currencies, bitcoin does not rely on a specific currency institution to issue. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions

and use the design of cryptography to ensure the security of all aspects of money circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction

the design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity

extended data:

currency features:

1. Decentralization: bitcoin is the first distributed virtual currency, and the whole network is composed of users without a central bank. Decentralization is the guarantee of bitcoin's security and freedom

2. Global circulation: bitcoin can be managed on any computer connected to the Internet. No matter where you are, anyone can dig, buy, sell or collect bitcoin

3. Exclusive ownership: private key is needed to control bitcoin, which can be stored in any storage medium in isolation. No one can get it except the user himself

4. Low transaction cost: bitcoin can be remitted free of charge, but a transaction fee of about 1 bitfen will be charged for each transaction to ensure faster transaction execution

5, no hidden cost: as a means of payment from a to B, bitcoin has no cumbersome limit of quota and proceres. If you know the other party's bitcoin address, you can pay

6. Cross platform Mining: users can explore the computing power of different hardware on many platforms

7. Virtual currency is a kind of virtual currency. Virtual account can belong to virtual property to a certain extent, but it also belongs to different situations. Some companies, when you sign the user notice, you only use the right to use a virtual account, not the ownership. Some will regard the virtual account as personal virtual property.

8. Hu Xuan dance and rainbow clothes dance

9. Virtual currency is a legal virtual asset, which is protected by law. In China, virtual currency is defined as a special Internet commodity by the central bank. People can buy and sell it freely at their own risk, but it denies its monetary attribute
bitcoin, Ruitai coin, Laite coin and doggy coin are all virtual currencies and can be regarded as virtual assets.

10. Virtual virtual has nothing. How to calculate? Virtual has no money. Ha ha. Because the way of absorbing funds is very hidden, after buying in the virtual trading platform, it will be a little bit to absorb offline funds in the way of trading losses and handling charges! In this case, few people will report the case. So we should be more vigilant! In a word, it's money fraud. Pyramid selling, direct selling and business license. It's unnecessary to be entangled in the name. In a word, it's money fraud. Look at its propaganda page, there's a tin house built on the barren mountain. It's known as the scale of large-scale breeding instry. You can't cheat a fool like that. Moreover, the website has been set up abroad. There's nothing virtual. It's really virtual. Ha ha ha Classmates. Friends cheat friends. Relatives cheat relatives. Mothers cheat sons. Sad. Friends wake up