Utopian virtual currency
The number of bitcoin is too small to circulate on a large scale in society. Moreover, its existence is not guaranteed by the national credit, but based on the trust between bitcoin players, so the credit of this "currency" is relatively low
moreover, the number of bitcoin is small, and it is too concentrated in the hands of several big players, resulting in its price is very unstable. This is basically not money. Because as a general currency, an important prerequisite is price stability, otherwise the economic order will collapse
bitcoin has no value base; The price fluctuates sharply; There are three basic reasons why bitcoin can't become the world currency e to the lack of support from monetary authorities
can bitcoin become a real currency? http://www.financialnews.com.cn/yw/pl/201401/t20140107_ 47595. HTML
since the birth of the first bitcoin seven years ago, bitcoin has been developing rapidly and caused a lot of controversy. The discussion focuses on how to define bitcoin, whether it can become a currency and even become an international currency in the future
in 2013, bitcoin was very popular in China, not only the price soared, but also was evaluated as "a big challenge to the current monetary system" by some analysts. In early December 2013, the people's Bank of China, together with five ministries and commissions, issued the notice on preventing bitcoin risks, pointing out that bitcoin is a specific virtual commodity, not a real currency. Then, bitcoin prices fell
at the beginning of the new year, on January 4, the National Bank of Malaysia announced on its website that it would not recognize bitcoin as a legal currency, and urged the public to be vigilant against its risks. In fact, since the second half of 2013, South Korea, Thailand, Indonesia, Norway and other countries have successively made their stand against bitcoin trading activities, and they do not recognize bitcoin as a currency in the market
At the same time, it is reported that in January this year, the world's first bitcoin atmrobocoin entered the Hong Kong and Taiwan markets. Companies also plan to launch bitcoin ATMs in more parts of Europe, Canada and the United Stateson the one hand, the relevant regulatory authorities have "made their stand clear"; on the other hand, the global layout of bitcoin has been advancing rapidly. How to determine the nature of bitcoin and its future development momentum have once again attracted the attention of all parties
Sheng Songcheng, director general of the survey and Statistics Department of the people's Bank of China, published an article entitled "virtual currency is not money in essence -- take bitcoin as an example" in his own name, emphasizing that virtual currency represented by bitcoin is not money in essence and it is difficult to become money
he believes that bitcoin lacks national credit support and is difficult to perform the function of commodity exchange medium as the base currency. Modern credit currency (paper money) represents national credit, and actually represents the proction and transaction of commodities in the whole society. As long as the national machine works normally, the coercive force of national laws can give the public trust in the standard currency. Bitcoin has no value itself, no national credit support, and no guarantee of the whole society's commodity proction and trade, so it does not have the value basis of money. In addition, bitcoin has no legal compensation and compulsion, and its circulation range is limited and unstable. Bitcoin has strong substitutability, so it is difficult to be a general equivalent
Secondly, the number and scale of bitcoin have set an upper limit, which is difficult to meet the needs of modern economic development. He believes that there is a contradiction between the limited quantity of bitcoin and the expanding social proction and commodity circulation. If bitcoin becomes the standard currency, it will inevitably lead to deflation and inhibit economic development. The limitation of quantity also makes bitcoin's function as a means of circulation and payment greatly reced, which makes it easier to become a speculative object rather than a medium of exchange Thirdly, bitcoin lacks a central regulation mechanism, which is not compatible with the modern credit currency system. Sheng Songcheng believes that bitcoin does not have a centralized issuer, so it is easy to be over hyped, resulting in excessive price fluctuations, and can not become a pricing currency and circulation means, so it needs to be converted into bitcoin to pay; Bitcoin is also not controlled by the monetary authorities, so it is difficult to play the role of economic adjustment meansat the end of the article, Sheng Songcheng also made it clear that money is inseparable from economic operation and economic development, and is not a pure proct of technology. As long as there is no fundamental change in the form of modern economic and social organizations, the monetary system based on national credit will exist, and bitcoin and other virtual currencies will not become the standard currency of a country, and thus not the real currency, "but the Utopia of technology supremacy and absolute liberalism"
As for the prosperity and significance of bitcoin, Sheng Songcheng explained, "the emergence of bitcoin reflects people's worries about inflation under the condition of credit currency in a sense. Central banks should strengthen liquidity management, reasonably regulate money supply, keep prices basically stable, and promote stable economic and social development. "ring the writing period, our reporter contacted Sheng Songcheng again on issues related to bitcoin. He stressed again in the interview: "bitcoin is not the real currency, the real currency can only be the standard currency."
Sheng Songcheng said, "from the perspective of the history of monetary theory, bitcoin is not new. Its essence is the privatization of currency issuance or the non nationalization of currency. Hayek, a famous Austrian economist and Nobel laureate, put forward a proposal many years ago, and Friedman, a famous American economist, also made a similar proposal. However, their opinions are only a theoretical analysis tool, which is difficult to operate in real economic life, and the modern economy is increasingly inseparable from the country's macro-control. This financial crisis and its response is a good proof. Money is one of the main means of national macro-control and the basis of modern state and government. How can it be privatized? So I use the word "Utopia."“ In my opinion, technology can not replace the national attribute. Any digital currency can only be the realization form of standard currency. Therefore, electronic money will develop, and virtual money is utopia. " Sheng Songcheng said, "as long as there is a modern state, virtual currency will not be a currency. Many people ignore the national and social attributes behind money and think that money is just a natural entity. "as for the future development prospects of bitcoin, a commercial bank analyst interviewed said: "bitcoin trading, as a commodity trading behavior on the Internet, ordinary people have the freedom to participate in it at their own risk, and there is still a lot of room for development in this aspect. At present, in view of the fact that bitcoin has not had any impact on the monetary policy of central banks, and from the perspective of issuing technology, it seems to have enlightenment, so many central banks hold a wait-and-see attitude towards it. "
but as for whether bitcoin can play the role of currency in the future, or even international currency, the analyst said that it is "not optimistic". He said, "even if some countries want to use bitcoin as the world settlement currency, but it is in private hands, and the price fluctuates violently, can it become an international currency? Moreover, the important premise for it to become an international currency is that the authorities of all countries recognize its monetary nature, which itself is a difficult problem. "
Sheng Songcheng also said, "bitcoin does not have a value base; The price fluctuates sharply; There are three basic reasons why bitcoin can't become a world currency without the support of national monetary authorities. "Bitcoin BTC 2009 Satoshi Nakamoto is bitcoin / org ~ $24.3 billion is SHA-256; LTC 2011 coblee is litecoin / org ~ $3.6 billion is script infinite; IFC 2012 ifccion is ifccoin / ORG~$ $20 million is a script quark, qrk 2012, qrkcion is cgbcion / org - $10 million is a script zeta, ZET 2012 zetcony is ZET / org - $10 million is a script proof of work / POS
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Bitcoin staged a roller coaster market, the supervision was tightened, some mining "retail investors" and small mine owners left, and some big mine owners returned with extra money, and some moved overseas
in early January 2018, it was reported that the leading group of Internet financial risk special rectification office issued a document to rectify illegal mines. According to media reports, at the Davos Forum on January 23, relevant leaders of China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) said that they would strengthen control over the special currency
small mine owners said that "no one knows what policy decisions will be made in the next step. It doesn't matter if you're a bigger miner. It's hard for you to dig your own money. Now the risk is graally increasing. " Lao Wu said helplessly, "forget it, don't dream." In November 2017, with the soaring price of bitcoin in the domestic market, the army of "mining" has become increasingly large. At present, there are symbiotic coins, and many other coins are born. Digital coins are really flourishing in the 21st century
some mine workers have started the "going to sea" plan. According to instry insiders, Quebec, Canada, because of its cheap electricity and low temperature, has become a popular choice for mines to go to sea. Many people also plan to move overseas, although the specific country or region has not been determined
In just 10 days, bitcoin has been in two crash market< every time bitcoin goes up and down, it increases the risk of speculators on April 23, bitcoin plummeted for the second time. In a single day, more than 500000 people burst their positions, and more than 20 billion yuan of funds disappeared
"bitcoin starts serial killing." A person in the instry said that according to the fluctuation of bitcoin, unless there is no leverage at all, the assets of those who are leveraged will be destroyed, and whether they are short or long, the lack of collateral will be forced to level off
bitcoin, with its high popularity, has also caused many voices recently. In April 25th, Liu Shengjun, Dean of the Institute of financial reform, bluntly pointed out that the bitcoin is utopia and has entered the final stage of "self entertaining" bubble at the 12th anniversary Festival and the financial planners summit. p>
"whether bitcoin will enter the final stage is still unknown, but bitcoin is really entertaining itself. There are at least two risks in investing in bitcoin in the future. First, the emergence of a strong enough digital currency will overturn the rules of bitcoin's game; Second, the change of regulatory rules will deeply affect its market development. " Li Quan commented
relevant national departments strengthen the supervision of bitcoin
at the same time, bitcoin plummeted, a strong supervision storm about virtual currency is also coming
in recent days, the CIRC and the central bank have made intensive voice to strengthen the risk warning of virtual currency respectively. Among them, the CIRC has stressed that it will pay close attention to the new risks under the banner of blockchain, virtual currency and debt service, and the central bank will also strengthen the risk prevention and disposal in view of the new methods and new problems such as using virtual currency and blockchain technology to evade traceability
above refer to China Youth Daily - ten days, 26% bitcoin bubble will be broken? p>
virtual capital is the result of excessive expansion of commercial and bank credit, or the use of credit to an alarming extent. At the same time, fictitious capital is accompanied by the process of monetary capitalization, which is the derivative form of interest bearing capital. The emergence of interest bearing capital leads to the separation of ownership and use right of capital, the separation of legal owner and economic owner, and creates a specific market, namely financial market, which creates a special form of capital and creates the illusion of "capitalization". On the one hand, every certain regular monetary income is expressed as the interest of a certain capital, Whether or not this income is generated by capitalism; On the other hand, with interest bearing capital, every amount of value will be expressed as capital as long as it is not spent as income. Marx pointed out: "people call the formation of virtual capital capitalization. People calculate every regular income that will be obtained repeatedly according to the average interest rate, and count it as the income that will be provided by the capital lent according to the interest rate. This is the capitalization of this income."
although virtual capital comes from and must rely on real capital, it is another set of capital independent from real capital. Taking listed stocks as an example, the capital entity invested in joint-stock enterprises is in the process of proction and operation in the form of labor force, factory building, machine raw materials and finished procts, constantly creating new value and profits, and playing the role of capital. At the same time, some of these stocks are circulated and transferred in the capital market, frequently traded, and used to obtain Trading (spread) profits, acting as another set of capital carriers opposite to the real economy. If we take into account the financial derivatives generated on the basis of securities, it may be several sets of capital opposite to the real capital. A set of capital becomes several sets of capital, the former is real capital, and the latter one or several sets of capital becomes virtual capital.
Moore thinks that the relationship between commodity and currency no longer exists in Utopia. Because what Utopians proce is not a commodity, but a proct that directly meets the needs of all members of society. Without commodity proction, there will be no commodity exchange. So money was abolished. In the initial study of political economy, almost all the representatives regarded the relationship between commodity and currency as an eternal natural phenomenon, which made Moore much higher than his contemporaries. However, Moore did not understand the conditions for the demise of the commodity currency relationship. His attempt to abolish the relationship between commodity and currency under the level of proctivity of small agriculture and handicraft instry can only be a complete fantasy
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