Finance virtual currency
what is digital currency
digital currency can be used to describe all electronic currencies, including virtual currency and cryptocurrency. Digital currency is a kind of electronic currency without any physical form. Because of its functions and inherent attributes, it is the same as the standard illegal fixed currency, and can also be referred to as the network version of cash. Digital currency is invisible. People need to use and hold it through devices that can be connected to a specific network
T1: eth (the first public chain at present, the underlying platform of Shanzhai coin breeding, and in the speculation of eth2.0) EOS (community consensus + DAPP possible explosion + defi can also join + drop out of high cost performance) Zec (anonymous leader)
T2: Yas (UBI concept, low market value, great potential) atom (cosmos, advantage new public chain), XRP (the decline in 2019 has not risen, so the upward space is still very large) Polkadot dot (Boca, the goal is to surpass Ethereum) KSM (Boca pioneer)
T3: Ada (potential) NEO (myth of 1000 times of the last bull market), ont (strong village), Iost (Iost is currently undervalued, DAPP is also in good development)
there are platform coins in the coin circle, corresponding to HT, BNB, MX
Virtual currency is the currency used for electronic circulation. Now the scope of virtual currency is very large, including q-coin, bitcoin and so on. With the development of digital currency, virtual currency is becoming more and more abundant, which may become the mainstream in the future. For example, BTC, EOS, bcbot and so on are not only virtual currencies, but also algorithms, landing projects and technologies
virtual currency is mainly issued by online game service providers to purchase game props, such as equipment, clothing, etc. But at present, the use of virtual currency has gone far beyond this category. Virtual currency can be used to buy game cards, physical objects and download services of some movies and software
extended data:
real risk
as the proct of e-commerce, virtual currency has begun to play an increasingly important role, and it is more and more connected with the real world. However, with the growth of virtual currency, the relevant laws and regulations are lagging behind, which has laid many hidden dangers
fraud
the private transaction of online virtual currency has realized the two-way circulation between virtual currency and RMB to a certain extent. The activity of these traders is to buy all kinds of virtual currencies and procts at a low price, and then sell them at a high price to earn profits. With the increase of such transactions, there are even virtual mints. In addition to the virtual currency provided by the main company, there are also some people who specialize in "virtual coin making" to obtain virtual currency by playing games and then resell it to other players
Taking Wenzhou as an example, there are about seven or eight such "virtual mints" with four or five hundred practitioners. This not only creates a bubble for the price of the virtual currency itself, but also causes trouble for the normal sale of the issuing company. It also provides a platform for selling and collecting money and money laundering for various cyber crimes. p>
impact system
in modern financial system, the issuers of money are generally central banks, which are responsible for the management and supervision of money operation. As the equivalent exchange goods used to replace the real currency circulation on the Internet, the virtual currency on the Internet is essentially the same as the real currency. The difference is that the issuers are no longer central banks, but Internet companies
if the development of virtual currency makes it form a unified market, each company can exchange with each other, or virtual currency is integrated and unified, and all of them are based on the same standard and price, then in a sense, virtual currency is currency, which is likely to form a threat impact on the traditional financial system or economic operation
reference: network virtual currency
There is no official recognition of any virtual currency in China
different from sovereign currency, the "credit" basis of "virtual currency" is mathematical algorithm, and its price depends on the reliability of the algorithm, market confidence and other factors. There are many defects and loopholes in technology, and its value foundation is very fragile
the China Internet Finance Association recently announced that bitcoin and other so-called "virtual currencies" lack a clear value basis, the market has a strong speculative atmosphere, the price fluctuates violently, and investors blindly follow suit, which is easy to cause capital losses. There is no legal basis for the establishment of various so-called "currency" trading platforms in China
extended information:
in recent years, the price of bitcoin has risen rapidly, attracting a large number of people to enter. A large number of "virtual currencies" followed suit. In 2017, the price of Leyte increased by 476%, the price of Ruibo increased by 54 times, and the price of ether increased by 13 times
Li Aijun, Dean of the Internet Finance and Law Research Institute of China University of political science and law, believes that virtual currency is the proct of networking, and the digital information flowing in the network is beyond everyone's control. The code of cyberspace is the basis of the operation of virtual currency, investors can only operate through the front-end interface, seemingly "control" the virtual currency. The operator of the virtual currency service organization may become the actual controller of the virtual currency through the control code
Li Aijun, Dean of the Internet Finance and Law Research Institute of China University of political science and law, believes that virtual currency is the proct of networking, and the digital information flowing in the network is beyond everyone's control. The code of cyberspace is the basis of the operation of virtual currency, investors can only operate through the front-end interface, seemingly "control" the virtual currency. The operator of the virtual currency service organization may become the actual controller of the virtual currency through the control code
Du Yan believes that the existence of bitcoin and exchanges and other instrial chains has constructed an illegal financial market for asset transfer and financing beyond legal tender, increased the difficulty of regulatory authorities in managing financial security and stability, and promoted regulatory arbitrage and financial crimes. The risks and social security risks it brings to the financial market are far higher than its innovative value
investors should stick to rational investment, not blindly follow the trend, nor take chances. There are risks in investment, especially in the face of a new model, we should be more cautious in investment, so as not to become the target of wealth plunder by criminals
1、 Common analysis of virtual currency (1) bitcoin solution is designed and created by Japanese programmer Nakamoto (alias) in 2009, and it is the most successful and controversial network currency at present. Bitcoin scheme is based on P2P network architecture, which has been operating in the world, and can be used for all kinds of virtual and real goods and services transactions
In theory, if the existence of network currency affects the demand for the central bank's liabilities, and then interferes with the central bank's open market operation, it will have an impact on a country's monetary policy and price stability. However, from a practical point of view, the premise of network currency affecting price stability includes the following three aspects:(1) from the analysis of the impact on the amount of money, although it is difficult to analyze the extent to which the network currency scheme creates money in the case of lack of information
However,however, most Internet money systems operate in prepaid mode, that is, issuing Internet money when the real money is exchanged in and withdrawing money when the real money is exchanged out. In the famous network currency scheme, the supply of money is stable and the supply is small, but we still need to be vigilant whether it can ensure that the money supply will maintain a stable level in the long run, and the impact of the change of exchange rate between network currency and real currency
(2) from the analysis of the impact on the speed of money circulation, the use of cash and money statistics, the impact of the technological innovation brought by the network currency scheme on the speed of money circulation is not clear
as an Internet instry, it largely depends on the number of active internet currency scheme users. If the network currency is widely accepted, it will have a substitution effect on the real currency of the central bank, thus recing the use of cash in transactions
in this case, the scale of the central bank's balance sheet will be reced, and its ability to influence short-term interest rates will also be weakened. The central bank will need to fight against risks through ways such as setting minimum reserves for cyber currencies. Substitution effect will aggravate the difficulty of monetary statistics and affect the relationship between monetary statistics and inflation, which is not concive to the realization of long-term price stability. In addition, the issuance of network currency outside the central bank and the expansion of virtual credit will have an impact on the central bank's interest rate decision in the economy and weaken the central bank's monetary control
(3) from the analysis of the interaction between network currency and real economy, network currency can act as a real commodity trading medium and have an impact on real GDP
The influence of network money on real money supply depends on two aspects: one is the substitution effect of virtual economy on real economy; the other is the substitution effect of virtual economy on real economy; The second is the crowding out effect of Internet money on real money, that is, with the increase of the total amount of Internet money, the amount of cash held by the public in real life decreases, resulting in the decrease of cash / deposit ratio and the increase of money multiplier. In reality, the network virtual currency scheme will not affect the price stability at this stage, and the money flow speed will not be significantly affected in the short and medium term. However, the interaction between network currency and real economy deserves attention (2) financial stability risk when the virtual currency scheme operates outside the banking system, the most important factor of financial instability lies in its connection with the real economy, namely exchange rate and exchange market. Obviously, the closed network currency scheme and the one-way flow network currency scheme are not affected, so we should focus on the two-way flow network currency scheme. The value of two-way network currency depends on the level of money supply and demand in the exchange market. A big difference between network currency and real currency is that the network currency scheme is not based on the country or currency region, and the influence of virtual economy intensity, trade or proction capacity on its exchange rate is limited. The price of virtual money and its fluctuation depend on five factors:(1) money supply and other actions taken by currency issuers. For example: to achieve a fixed or semi fixed exchange rate by intervening in the market
(2) the network currency scheme shows network externality, and its monetary value depends on the number of users and merchants. As the number of consumers and businesses increases, their monetary value will increase accordingly. In addition, the exchange rate of network currency with small transaction volume fluctuates more(3) the virtual community with clear and transparent policies and advanced security measures is easier to boost confidence and the currency is stronger
(4) the reputation of network currency issuers in fulfilling their commitments. There is no "lender of last resort" in the virtual community, and the trust gained by the issuer is crucial to the exchange rate of internet currency
(5)
speculation on the future value of Internet money and cyber attacks on virtual communities. Due to the immaturity of the system, low trading, speculative activities and network attacks, the two-way network currency scheme is inherently unstable
qualitative. At present, the trading volume of these network currencies is small and the correlation with the real economy is low, so the stability of the financial system will not be affected. However, if Internet money becomes a substitute for traditional money in the future, it will bring instability to the financial system and even distort the relative prices of goods and services. The impact of network currency system on the financial system largely depends on the number of active users and the number of merchants who are willing to accept virtual currency for real transactions. In addition, virtual currency has only exchange value and no use value. Generally, network currency is not based on assets with intrinsic value and is not supported by central bank credit. At present, these network monetary systems are not allowed to lend
or borrow funds, so it can not pose a threat to the stability of the financial system, but we should pay close attention to its development. If there is any change in the future, it will undoubtedly have an impact on the financial system
in a specific virtual community, virtual currency payment activities have evolved into a "real" payment system, facing typical risks related to the payment system: credit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk and legal risk. The nature, scale and ration of these risks are largely determined by the design of the system or the degree of lack of liquidity, so it is difficult for the network virtual currency scheme to avoid or control these risks. According to the core principles of payment system (CP) issued by the bank for International Settlements (BIS), the network virtual currency scheme does not conform to most of the contents of CP, and does not belong to the systemically important payment system. Therefore, it will not cause
or transmit shocks in the global financial system. At present, there is no systematic risk in the network currency system outside these virtual communities
2. Lack of corresponding supervision and protection mechanism
in the real economy, the central bank plays the role of lender of last resort and has no default risk, so it can take actions in the case of payment crisis or unpredictable liquidity shortage to avoid chain reaction. However, in the network virtual currency scheme
it is impossible to use network currency as settlement asset. Because network currency simply depends on the credibility of the issuer, it can not be widely accepted as a means of payment, so network currency can not be regarded as a safe currency. In addition, commercial banks are required to accept prudential supervision, which reces the possibility of default, and the security of money in commercial bank accounts is higher than that of network currency. A fundamental risk of network currency is that the settlement institution of network currency scheme is not subject to any supervision, no institution is responsible for its behavior, and there is no investor / depositor protection mechanism, which causes the user to bear all the risks
supervision and the anonymity, invisibility and difficulty in tracking of its transactions, the network virtual currency scheme is very easy to be used by terrorist activities, fraud, money laundering and other illegal activities. At present, many government departments in many countries are considering whether to recognize or
legalize these virtual schemes and bring them into the scope of supervision, so as to support the innovation of currency and payment forms, protect the rights and interests of consumers and financial stability, and inhibit the use of virtual currency schemes to engage in criminal activities
at present, the uncertainty of the legal status of the virtual currency scheme may also bring challenges to the government authorities (5) reputation risk of monetary authority the reputation of Monetary Authority (central bank) is the key factor to determine the effectiveness of monetary policy. The public's trust in fiat money is closely related to the image of the central bank, which pays close attention to its reputation. The ECB defines reputation risk as the risk of deterioration of reputation, credit or public image. As the network currency scheme is related to money and payment, it is generally believed that it belongs to the responsibility of the central bank, so we should be alert to the reputation risk it may bring to the central bank. However, in the case of small scale, the impact of the failure of the network currency scheme is limited, but its high volatility and instability also aggravate the possibility of failure and attract extensive media coverage. If the network currency is allowed to develop continuously without
regulation, the central bank may be considered as dereliction of ty and affect its reputation (6) the risk of investors' loss
for exchange value, the public has a higher recognition of the investment value of network virtual currency, and it is investment based transactions that accelerate the formation of virtual currency market. Like other investment markets, participants in virtual money market will also face potential losses caused by market risk, credit risk and policy risk. Take bitcoin as an example: from 2009 to early 2010, bitcoin was worthless; In the summer of 2010, bitcoin trading began to enter the golden
period. As the supply was far less than the demand, the value of online trading began to rise. In early November, bitcoin was silent at 29 cents for many days, and then jumped to 36 cents; In February 2011, bitcoin continued to appreciate, and its exchange rate with us dollar
reached 1:1; In 2013, the price of bitcoin achieved a "Big Bang" growth, and hit US $1242 on November 29, 2013, surpassing the gold price of US $1241.98/ounce in the same period. Fierce price fluctuations make market participants face huge speculative risks. Unlike mature capital markets such as stocks and bonds, the depth of bitcoin market is insufficient, and it is mainly held in the hands of large investors with low degree of diversification. Bitcoin price is easily affected by large investors' buying and selling behavior, and also easily manipulated by speculators. At the same time, different countries have different attitudes towards bitcoin, Germany, the United States and other countries hold an open and supportive attitude, and Thailand, Brazil and other countries regard bitcoin related activities
as illegal. Every country's attitude and measures will have a significant impact on the price of bitcoin, especially in the short term
virtual currency is always inferior to real currency< br />
1. The essence of interpretation is different:
virtual currency: virtual currency refers to non real currency
currency: currency (CCY) is the medium of purchasing goods and preserving wealth. It is the contract between the owner of property and the market about the right of exchange. In essence, it is the agreement between the owners
2. Different types:
virtual currency: game currency, special currency, etc.
currency: coin, paper currency, deposit currency, etc.
extended data:
formation of virtual currency market:
Internet leads to the emergence of a new market, which is a virtual market based on cyberspace. The Internet provides a lot of communication places for consumers, and also provides business market for enterprises. Enterprises must change from proct centered to service centered to customer centered
with the development of computer artificial intelligence technology and database technology, enterprises can conveniently collect customers' information, understand customers' needs in time, change business strategies and grasp economic arteries in real time
network virtual currency can be roughly divided into
the first category is familiar game currency. In the era of stand-alone games, the protagonist accumulates money by knocking down the enemy, entering the gambling house to win money, and using these to buy Herbs and equipment, but it can only be used in his own game console. At that time, there was no "market" between players. Since the establishment of Internet portal and community, the realization of game networking, virtual currency has a "financial market", players can trade game currency
the second type is the special currency issued by the portal website or instant messaging service provider, which is used to purchase the services in the website. The most widely used is Tencent's q-coin, which can be used to purchase membership, QQ show and other value-added services
the third kind of virtual currency on the Internet, such as bitcoin (BTC), Fuyuan coin (FTC), Wright currency (LTC), etc. bitcoin is an electronic currency proced by open-source P2P software. Some people also translate bitcoin as "bitcoin", which is a kind of network virtual currency. It is mainly used for Internet financial investment, and can also be directly used in daily life as a new currency.
1: decentralized (one technology: closed loop structure, source code permanently locked background; 2; After going to the center, there is no income subject, just like gold, which belongs to every participant)
2: no central processing unit (block connection)
3: third party open source (following the international practice of open source: third party open source, third party public trust, third party trusteeship)
4: quantitative issuance (resisting inflation)
5: third party matchmaking (no capital chain, no capital chain), Show the freedom and equality of money)
6: bonus system without distributing the principal of the recipient (recommending others to join, no recommendation award, no confrontation award, no sharing of the principal of the latecomer)
7: free registration, free access, no threshold at the bottom, no ceiling at the top (the same as bank deposits)
8: the price will fluctuate up and down e to the influence of the market There is no currency that goes up but doesn't go down.)
Basic information:
the musical "Jinsha" is jointly invested by Cheng Municipal Bureau of culture, Cheng Municipal Bureau of radio and television, Cheng Daily newspaper group and other units. It is China's first original musical created by Sanbao, a top domestic composer. Together with Cheng Jinsha Heritage Museum, it is known as Cheng's No.1 cultural card. It is the first time for audiences to understand Cheng's history A wonderful way to learn about Jinsha. The musical "Jinsha" takes the Jinsha culture as the background, and reproces the 3000 year love between the ancient Shu Princess "Jin" and the archaeologist "Sha". The first public performance of musical Museum edition was held from November 12 to 14, 2009, and will be performed in Jinsha theater of Cheng Jinsha Heritage Museum for a long time
background of the story
one day in February 2001, the sky in Cheng is usually gray blue, and a few lines of sunlight sprinkle on the Cheng Plain from the crevices of the clouds, warm and powerless. A group of construction workers are digging Shufeng Garden Street in Jinsha village, Supo Township, western suburb. In a flash, the soil showed dazzling white. Later, tons of ivory, thousands of gold, exquisite bronze and countless jade were unearthed, and the ancient Shu ruins, which had been sleeping for three thousand years, came to light without warning< According to research, Jinsha site covers an area of about 5 square kilometers and is the capital of ancient Shu Kingdom, the ancient civilization center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River from the late Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty (about 3200-2900 years ago). The site unearthed the densest ivory, the most abundant gold and jade wares in the same period in the world. Among them, the most famous is the gold ornament of the sun god bird. On August 16, 2005, the gold ornament of "sun god bird" officially became the symbol of Chinese cultural heritage
3000 years ago, I don't know whether it was because of wars or natural and man-made disasters that the golden foil of the sun god bird was crumpled into a ball and sealed in the soil of time; 3000 years later, the sun god bird is reborn, flying in the sky, and the ancient Shu Princess "Jin", who has been sleeping for 3000 years, wakes up with it.
Introction to musicals, With dreamlike 3D animation and high-definition audio-visual technology, in the sentimental love songs, it reproces the 3000 year long love between the ancient Shu Princess "Jin" and the archaeologist "Sha". On the audio-visual journey back to the ancient kingdom of Jinsha, the audience revisits their loyal love and awakens their desire for life. Since its birth in 2005, China's first original musical "Jinsha" and Cheng Jinsha Site Museum are known as the first cultural card of Cheng, which is a wonderful way for audiences to understand Cheng's history and Jinsha<
Introction to the plot
three thousand years ago, the glorious ancient Shu and the mysterious Jinsha, with the graal resurrection of the ghost "ugly" under the starry sky in the wilderness, a romantic love story that has passed through the three thousand year time and space tunnel begins: grand sacrifice, grand magnificence; The moon comes, soft and tender; Sword light and sword shadow, blood stained battlefield; Under the Jinguan City, the flowers are fragrant; The sun god bird has witnessed the joys and sorrows of the heroine "Jin" and the hero "Sha". Love through time and space, even touching heart, but still can not escape the fate of broken wings. Only "sand" is left to wait alone in the years, waiting...
the main structure of the musical "Jinsha" in the museum version is mainly divided into five paragraphs: Ghost, sacrifice, battlefield, flower room and one day. The performance time is about 75 minutes<
Introction to the main creator
the musical "Jinsha" is jointly invested by Cheng Municipal Bureau of culture, Cheng Municipal Bureau of radio and television, Cheng Daily newspaper group, etc
the musical "Jinsha" has a strong creative team since its birth. At that time, Sanbao, the top domestic songwriter who composed famous songs such as "never see you again" and "secret fragrance", was fascinated by the charm of "Jinsha" and gladly accepted the invitation to create the musical. He visited the unfinished Jinsha Site four times and lived in Cheng for several months, For the musical "Jinsha" compose a moving melody. Led by Sanbao, famous screenwriter Guan Shan, national first-class lighting designer Xing Xin, famous fashion designer Wenge and other instry senior creative personnel have joined the "Jinsha" crew one after another to create such a classic and modern city card as "Jinsha"
as the chief director and composer, Sanbao also personally went to various places to select actors. Sha Baoliang, a musician who was popular in the whole country with secret fragrance, became the actor of the first generation of male protagonist "Sha". Tan Weiwei, the national runner up of super female voice in 2006, and Yao Beina, the first player in the group of the 13th National Youth song competition, were all the actors of the second generation of female protagonist "Jin" Jinsha is a musical with many stars, which abandons the traditional mode of fixed roles of male and female protagonists. Jinsha also has star shows from time to time, inviting Yang Yu, Tianxian sister Erma Yina and other stars to join in<
Introction to music
attracted by the mysterious temperament of Jinsha, Sanbao, a famous musician, has been living in Cheng for several months. Cooperating with the plot of Jinsha, he has created 22 songs, which are either stirring, weeping, humorous, energetic or ethereal. The music elements are rich, diverse and harmonious. The songs "forget", "then", "flower room" and "one day" are as unforgettable and easy to sing as the well-known "memory" in the American musical "cat"
the museum version of the musical Jinsha, which has undergone several revisions and has been elaborately made, has held its first public performance from November 12 to 14, 2009, and will perform in the Jinsha theater of Cheng Jinsha Heritage Museum for a long time< Fixed performance time: 8:00 p.m. from Wednesday to Saturday
Venue: basic information of Jinsha theater (9 Jinbo Road) of Cheng Jinsha Ruins Museum
dream back to Jinsha is a four-dimensional three-dimensional film created by Cheng Jinsha Ruins Museum, which will lead you through 3000 years and unfold the magnificent picture scroll of ancient Shu Dynasty from Du Yu to Kaiming with special effects, Dynamic shock, deep experience, just like being on the scene<
details
I. Introction to the technology and plot of "dream back to Jinsha":
4D cinema "dream back to Jinsha" uses two Barco HD digital video cameras with 20000 lumens and a maximum resolution of 1280 * 1024, with a screen size of 12.8m wide and 7.5m high. The 108 seat special effect dynamic seat can play 13 special effects, such as back stabbing, ear wind, ball bearing, leg sweeping, water spraying, seat lifting and so on. At the same time, it is equipped with wind, rain, lightning, snow, smoke and other environmental special effects
"dream back to Jinsha" will lead you through 3000 years of time and space, looking back to the rich and beautiful land of ancient Shu Jinsha, where the vegetation is luxuriant, the birds are flying and the fish are leaping, the ancestors are farming, fishing and breeding. In this remote and mysterious country, the flood, the solemn sacrifice, the fierce war, the touching abdication, and the sad legend of the cuckoo's blood are left behind...
the second and fourth cinemas are located on the first floor of the exhibition hall, which can accommodate 108 people
ticket price of 3D and 4D cinemas: 20 yuan / piece, one ticket for one seat< Four, 4D movie playing time:
morning: 11:30
afternoon: 1:30 2:30 3:30 4:30 5:00
five, 4D cinema watching notes:
1, to watch 4D movies, you need to wear special glasses issued by the staff free of charge, please keep them properly, return them after watching, if there is any damage, you need to compensate according to the price
2. Patients with heart disease, hypertension and pregnant women are not suitable for admission
3. Children under one meter are not allowed to enter without guardian
4. Please don't take pictures ring the show. Please turn off your mobile phone or put it in vibration state
5. Please don't bring food, smoke or make noise
6. Please keep your belongings properly so as not to lose them