FPGA virtual currency
was released on October 7, 2011. It is currently the highest market value counterfeit coin, about 1% of BTC's market value, or US $1000W. Compared with BTC, LTC is faster, with an average of 2.5 minutes and 6 confirmations per block in 15 minutes. In addition, the number of LTCs is four times that of BTCs, with a total of 8400w. At present, LTC uses scrypt algorithm, which needs a lot of memory support. The professional mining machine on the market can not be used for LTC mining, only the graphics card
what is the difference between lightcoin and bitcoin
1. Transaction: easier to use, larger volume and greater appreciation potential. The block confirmation time is shorter, which is four times faster than bitcoin. For example, pizza owners are more willing to accept LTC payment to save transaction time< Mining:
special algorithm creates the unique charm of LTC, which is also the key to stand out from Shanzhai coins. Scrypt algorithm uses sha256 as its subroutine, and scrypt itself needs a lot of memory, each hash is used as the input seed, and then needs a lot of memory to store another seed pseudo-random sequence, Generate pseudo-random points of sequence and output hash value. The key is that scrypt algorithm needs a lot of memory while sha256 algorithm does not. So in this era when BTC mining of graphics card is coming to an end, LTC mining is about to usher in a golden period of development. Because of the high cost of memory, any ASIC or FPGA has no advantage over graphics card mining. LTC has advantages, at least in the foreseeable future
3. The biggest threat of bitcoin is 51% attack:
some shanzhais are killed by 51% attack. To be honest, LTC is a worry for the development of LTC and BTC, of course. However, the specific problems they face are different: BTC can avoid 51% attack through technology upgrading (such as end block reconstruction, careful node upgrading, and calculation difficulty), However, there is no way to evade LTC technology. However, e to the scattered computing power of graphics card mining and the increasing difficulty, this problem needs to be paid attention to, but don't worry too much. With the use of ASIC in BTC, the risk of 51% attack is increasing. I hope BTC development team can solve this problem as soon as possible.
① lightcoin network can process a block every 2.5 minutes (instead of 10 minutes), so it can provide faster transaction confirmation
② lightcoin network is expected to proce 84 million lightcoins, which is about four times the circulation of bitcoin network
③ in its workload proof algorithm, lightcoin uses scrypt encryption algorithm first proposed by Colin Percival, which makes it easier to mine lightcoin on ordinary computer than bitcoin
lightcoin is the most successful digital currency to imitate bitcoin. At present, major platforms support lightcoin transactions, including 58coin. It can be seen that lightcoin is comparable to bitcoin in terms of security and recognition.
Litecoin (LTC, currency symbol: 321;) It is based on & quot; Point to point & quot It is also an open source software project under MIT / X11 license. It can help users make instant payments to anyone in the world
lightcoin is inspired by bitcoin (BTC) and has the same implementation principle in technology. The creation and transfer of lightcoin is based on an open source encryption protocol and is not managed by any central organization. Lightcoin aims to improve bitcoin. Compared with bitcoin, lightcoin has three significant differences. First, the lightcoin network can process a block every 2.5 minutes (instead of 10 minutes), so it can provide faster transaction confirmation. Second, the lightcoin network is expected to proce 84 million lightcoins, four times the amount of money issued by bitcoin network. Thirdly, the scrypt encryption algorithm first proposed by Colin Percival is used in lightcoin's workload proof algorithm, which makes it easier to mine lightcoin on ordinary computer than bitcoin. Each Leyte is divided into 100000000 smaller units, defined by eight decimal places
extended materials:
it is based on bitcoin protocol, but different from bitcoin, it can be & quot; efficiently implemented by consumer hardware; Mining & quot;. Liteoin provides you with faster transaction confirmation (2.5 minutes on average). It uses hard memory and mining workload proof algorithm based on scrypt (an encryption algorithm). It is oriented to ordinary computer and graphics processor (GPU) used by most people. The litecain network is expected to proce 84 million currency units
one of the design purposes of litecoin is to provide a mining algorithm, which can be run simultaneously on the bitcoin mining machine. With the rise of application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) designed for bitcoin mining, litecoin is also closely following the technological evolution. But before the widespread use of litecoin currency, it is unlikely that there will be an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) specially designed for litecoin[ 1]
a peer-to-peer network, similar to bitcoin, processes transaction, balance and issue of lightcoin through script workload proof scheme (when a sufficiently small hash value is found, a block will be created and lightcoin will be issued, and the process of discovering the hash value and creating the block is called & quot; Mining & quot;). The issuing rate of Leyte coins is reced by half every four years (every 840000 pieces) according to the proportional sequence, and finally the total number of LTCs is 84 million. Unlike bitcoin, the memory intensive feature of script makes it more suitable to use graphics processor (GPU) for & quot; Mining & quot;. FPGA (field programmable gate array) and ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) implemented for script are more expensive than sha256 used for bitcoin
currently, lightcoin can exchange legal tender and bitcoin, most of which are through online trading platforms. Revocable transactions (such as credit card transactions) are generally not used to purchase Leyte, because Leyte transactions are irreversible, which brings the risk of refund. As of April 25, 2013, a Leyte is worth about $3.97 or 0.028 bitcoin. This makes Leyte the second largest electronic currency with a market value of about $35 million
1. Transaction:
it's easier to use, larger in volume and greater in appreciation potential. The block confirmation time is shorter, which is four times faster than bitcoin. For example, pizza owners are more willing to accept LTC payment to save transaction time< Mining:
special algorithm creates the unique charm of LTC, which is also the key to stand out from Shanzhai coins. Scrypt algorithm uses sha256 as its subroutine, and scrypt itself needs a lot of memory, each hash is used as the input seed, and then needs a lot of memory to store another seed pseudo-random sequence, Generate pseudo-random points of sequence and output hash value. The key is that scrypt algorithm needs a lot of memory while sha256 algorithm does not. So in this era when BTC mining of graphics card is coming to an end, LTC mining is about to usher in a golden period of development. Because of the high cost of memory, any ASIC or FPGA has no advantage over graphics card mining. LTC has advantages, at least in the foreseeable future
3. The biggest threat of bitcoin is 51% attack:
some shanzhais are killed by 51% attack. To be honest, LTC is a worry for the development of LTC and BTC, of course. However, the specific problems they face are different: BTC can avoid 51% attack through technology upgrading (such as end block reconstruction, careful node upgrading, and calculation difficulty), However, there is no way to evade LTC technology. However, e to the scattered computing power of graphics card mining and the increasing difficulty, this problem needs to be paid attention to, but don't worry too much. With the use of ASIC in BTC, the risk of 51% attack is increasing. I hope BTC development team can solve this problem as soon as possible.
then other miners will start to package the transaction generated by your new package until the next package comes out first
in the future, the mining capacity of bitcoin will be small or even zero. You still have transaction fees. The system will always need miners, and mining machines will still exist.
litecoin is short for LTC, and its English name is litecoin. Litecoin stands for lightweight. The meaning behind litecoin is lightweight currency
1. Bitcoin generates a block every 10 minutes, while lightcoin LTC generates a block every 2.5 minutes. This means that lightcoin has faster transaction confirmation efficiency. Bitcoin transfer sometimes takes 1 hour or even longer to arrive at the account, but lightcoin generally takes less than 20 minutes to confirm
2. Since the LTC speed of lightcoin is four times that of bitcoin, and the reward of each block is the same as bitcoin, the total amount of money is four times that of bitcoin, which is 84 million lightcoins, which is higher than that of bitcoin<
3. Bitcoin adopts sha256 encryption algorithm, and lightcoin adopts script encryption algorithm. Compared with bitcoin, lightcoin LTC has a slightly lower computational load, which makes it easier to mine and more suitable for graphics card
(GPU) operation. At the same time, FPGA (field programmable gate array) and ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) implemented for script are better than sha256 used for bitcoin, More expensive.
1、 Mining principle
at the beginning, we could dig bitcoin with the computer CPU. The founder of bitcoin, Nakamoto Tsung, g out the world's first creation block with his computer CPU. However, the era of CPU mining has long passed, and now bitcoin mining is the era of ASIC mining and large-scale cluster mining
looking back on the mining history, bitcoin mining has gone through the following five times: CPU mining → GPU mining → FPGA mining → ASIC mining → large-scale cluster mining, The mining speed changes are as follows:
CPU (20mhash / s) → GPU (400mhash / s) → FPGA (25ghash / s) → ASIC (3.5tash / s) → large scale cluster mining (3.5tash / s * x)
mining speed, which is called computing power in professional terms, that is, the ability of computer to generate hash collisions per second. In other words, how many hash collisions can our miner do per second is the calculation force. Computing power is the ability to dig bitcoin. The higher the computing power, the more bitcoin you dig, the higher the return
in the world of bitcoin, a data block is recorded about every 10 minutes. All mining computers are trying to package the data block and submit it, and the person who successfully generates the data block will get a bitcoin reward. Initially, bitcoin rewards of 50 bitcoins could be generated about every 10 minutes. But the payment is halved every four years, and now the bitcoin network can generate 25 bitcoins every 10 minutes
to successfully generate data blocks, miners need to find the effective hash value. To get the correct hash value, there is no shortcut. You can only guess. The process of guessing is the process of computer random hash collision. If you guess correctly, you will get bitcoin
Mining method: from a miner to a large-scale mine, you need to prepare a miner, a computer that can connect to the Internet, an AUC, a raspberry pie, power supply and all kinds of connecting lines, etc. The connection order of various devices is network cable - & gt; Raspberry pie - & gt; Microusb cable - & gt; AUC-> 4Pin cable - & gt; Mining machine and power supply
< EM > Figure 3: Mine Map (scale of tens of thousands of mining machines) < / EM >
nowadays, the profit space of small and medium-sized absenteeism who take one mining machine home or deploy a small family workshop (dozens of mining machines) is very limited, and the mining instry is graally concentrating on enterprises and teams with low-cost power resources and professional deployment ability
there are many factors that affect the mining revenue, such as the performance and power consumption of mining machinery, the computing power and difficulty of the whole network, the deployment and operation and maintenance capacity of the mine, the availability of low-cost electricity resources, and the currency price and policy guidance, etc. At present, excellent mining enterprises have the ability of chip research and development, a lot of computing power, professional mine deployment and operation experience, etc. in the future, resources and computing power will be more and more concentrated in these mining enterprises
2. Mine pool
in addition to the above equipment, you also need a necessary tool - mine pool. The function of the mine pool is to gather a large amount of mineral computing power, increase your probability of getting bitcoin, and at the same time, distribute your future bitcoin income to your account in advance
the simple explanation is as follows: now the bitcoin network generates a block every 10 minutes, which contains 25 bitcoins. Suppose there are 1W people in the world participating in mining, then in these 10 minutes, only one lucky person has taken these 25 bitcoins, and the others have nothing. The principle of the mine pool is that everyone mines in teams and distributes according to the agreed distribution method, so that the income of the miners' bitcoin tends to be stable and the risks of the miners are reced. Let's take the most common PPS allocation method as an example. Suppose that your computing power is 10t, and the computing power of the whole mine pool is 100t. Your computing power accounts for 1 / 10 of the total computing power of the mine pool. Suppose that the mine pool can generate 10 bitcoins a day, then you can get 1 bitcoin a day
3. Cloud computing power
in reality, the supply of mining machines often exceeds the demand, and at the same time, the delivery of mining machines needs a long waiting period. Miner installation, commissioning, maintenance and other processes are very complex, which requires a lot of energy. Miners have to enre the noise and heat of miner. For miners, the biggest cost is not these, but the high electricity charges consumed by mining. The profit space of small and medium-sized miners is getting smaller and smaller, even negative
Mining income and risk mining income can be calculated by the following formula:Mining income = generated bitcoin * currency price - mining machinery cost - electricity fee - custody fee
if you are just a small miner, generally you only need to dect mining machinery cost and electricity fee
Mining risks are as follows:
< UL >at present, the number of bitcoin is less than 4.5 million. If we do not issue additional bitcoin, the price of bitcoin will fluctuate, and the price callback will lead to the extension of the payback cycle
mining difficulty improvement at present, our machines can meet the market demand
the risk of power outage
< EM >
< / EM >
The cartoon is star dinosaur
interstellar dinosaur is a 52 episode animation proced by the United States, which was first broadcast in 1997. The animation tells about the ancient times 65 million years ago, when dinosaurs of all sizes were walking on the green and humid earth. After the alien transformation, the fight between the ultimate dinosaur of justice and the Velociraptor saves mankind and maintains world peace and order
is Extreme Dinosaurs. The first platform of the animated cartoon is the cable television network of the United States. In 2005, the animated cartoon was first introced in Chinese mainland, and the first issue of CCTV's cartoons was DIC entertainment company. p>
animated characters:
1. Tyrannosaurus Rex T-bone is the leader of the team. He is undoubtedly the most serious dinosaur, and other dinosaurs tend to be distracted by their own interests. Tyrannosaurus is always the core
2. Technical experts of stegz team. He can curl his body and use the bone plate on his back to do great damage
The flying dragon bullzeye is a wise and cheerful young man who can proce deafening sound waves. Feitianlong has a bad habit of inlging in online shopping and watching TV on the sofa The Triangle dragon spike is a martial arts expert with reckless temperament. Although he broke a corner, the destructive power of his corner impact is still amazing. He made a very good chili sauce Hard rock joined the interstellar dinosaurs through a series of battles. On the surface, he is a bit clumsy, but he can still fight effectively. He is a pacifist