What is Myr virtual currency
RM (ringgit malaysia) is the monetary unit of Malaysia
currency exchange:
1 ringgit malaysia = 1.6368 RMB
1 RMB ≈ 0.6109 ringgit malaysia
the currency used in Malaysia is ringgit malaysia. Ringgit malaysia is the legal tender of Malaysia and the currency in circulation of some countries. The international standard code of ISO 4217 is Myr and the currency symbol is RM. It is issued by the National Bank of Malaysia
extended information
ringgit is the legal tender of Malaysia. Local banks or international (foreign) banks can be seen in all towns in Malaysia. All banks have foreign exchange business
these banks are generally set up in the main urban blocks, shopping centers or important entry-exit ports. Foreign currency, traveler's check, money order, telegraphic transfer, entrusted payment and other banking business can be handled in any bank. At Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), banks, foreign exchange offices and automatic teller machines are everywhere
in addition, it also circulates in some countries, such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand and parts of the Philippines
impact: rising prices, devaluation of currency, rection of residents' real disposable income and lower living standards
countermeasures: tight fiscal policy and tight monetary policy
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(1) direct cause. No matter what type of inflation, there is only one direct reason, that is, excessive money supply. Too much money supply corresponds to the fixed amount of goods and services, which will inevitably lead to currency depreciation, price rise and inflation
(2) deep reasons. ① Demand is on the rise. That is to say, inflation is caused by the excessive increase of aggregate demand in economic operation, which exceeds the supply of goods and services under the set price level. In China, fiscal deficit, credit inflation, investment demand inflation and consumption demand inflation often lead to demand pull-up inflation. The cause of China's inflation from 1979 to 1980 was the increase of demand caused by fiscal deficit. ② Cost driven. That is to say, the increase of proction cost caused by the increase of wages or the increase of the price of proction factors by market monopoly forces will lead to inflation. Among them, the increase of proction cost caused by wage increase is also called wage push, and the increase of proction cost caused by price monopoly of proction factors is also called profit push. ③ Structural disorder. That is to say, inflation is caused by the imbalance of national economic structure, such as department structure and instrial structure. Due to the serious problem of economic structural imbalance in China, structural imbalance inflation also occurs from time to time. ④ The supply is insufficient. That is, under the condition that the total social demand remains unchanged, the total social supply is relatively insufficient and causes inflation“ A large part of the hidden inflation in China ring the "Cultural Revolution" was caused by the serious destruction of social proctive forces and the serious shortage of commodity supply. ⑤ The expectation is not right. That is, in the case of sustained inflation, people's improper expectations of inflation (too pessimistic about the future trend of inflation) will lead to more serious inflation. ⑥ Institutional factors. Inflation caused by imperfect system
these are the main causes of inflation. It should be noted that for a specific inflation, its causes are often not single, but a combination of multiple reasons, so a comprehensive analysis is needed
the main countermeasures to control inflation
inflation has many adverse effects on economic development and has destructive effects on the smooth progress of social reproction. Therefore, once inflation occurs, we must make up our mind to control it in time. This kind of governance should be comprehensive in many aspects
(1) control money supply. Because the direct cause of inflation is too much money supply, the most basic countermeasure to control inflation is to control money supply, make it adapt to money demand, and stabilize currency value to stabilize prices. In order to control the money supply, we must implement a moderately tight monetary policy, control the money supply, maintain an appropriate scale of credit, use various monetary policy tools by the central bank to flexibly and effectively control the total amount of money credit, and control the money supply at a level compatible with the objective demand 2) Adjust and control the total social demand. It is not enough to control the money supply only to control inflation, but also to suit the remedy according to the underlying causes of each inflation. For the demand driven inflation, the key is to adjust and control the total social demand. The adjustment and control of social aggregate demand in various countries is mainly realized through the formulation and implementation of correct fiscal and monetary policies. In terms of fiscal policy, we should vigorously rece fiscal expenditure, strive to increase fiscal revenue, maintain a balance between revenue and expenditure, and avoid deficit finance. In terms of monetary policy, we mainly take measures to tighten credit, control money supply and rece the total amount of money supply. In order to control the total demand of the society, two important ways are to control the scale of investment in fixed assets and the excessive growth of consumption 3) Increase the effective supply of goods and adjust the economic structure. There are two ways to control inflation: one is to control aggregate demand; the other is to control inflation; On the other hand, increase the total supply. The two should not be neglected. If we blindly control the aggregate demand and do not focus on increasing the aggregate supply, it will affect the economic growth and can only achieve equilibrium at a low level, which may eventually be wasted e to increasing the cost of controlling inflation. Therefore, while controlling the demand, we must also increase the effective supply of goods. Generally speaking, the main means to increase effective supply are to rece costs, rece consumption, improve economic benefits, and increase the proportion of investment and output. At the same time, adjust the instrial and proct structure to support the proction of goods in short supply 4) Other policies to cure inflation. In addition to controlling demand, increasing supply and adjusting structure, there are also some other policies to control inflation, such as price limit, tax rection and indexation
in a word, inflation is a very complex economic phenomenon, and its causes are various, so we need to take different countermeasures according to the causes and suit the right medicine to the case. This kind of remedy is not simply based on the cause analysis, nor can it mechanically and rigidly other people's or their own past experience. And suit the remedy to the case also should give priority to or give priority to a certain scheme, at the same time, combine with other comprehensive treatment schemes. That is to say, the control of inflation is a systematic project, and the ideal effect can be achieved only when all the control schemes cooperate with each other.
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1、 The main reason of demand pull is the rapid growth of money supply in China, and the reason of the rapid growth of money supply is the excessive inflow of foreign exchange. In recent years, the inflow of foreign exchange has become the only way for the Central Bank of China to put in the base money
The inflow of foreign exchange leads to the rapid growth of money supply in China. Although the central bank has adopted the policy of issuing a large number of central bank bills to recover the base money, it is still unable to get rid of the situation of excess liquidity. As a result, price increases are inevitable The reason is that there is serious overcapacity in China“ "Overcapacity" is from the perspective of supply, and from the perspective of demand, it is the so-called "insufficient effective demand", which means the same thing2, cost driven
the rise of proction cost is another reason for China's current inflation. First, wage costs are rising. China's local governments have raised the minimum wage standards and other factors have also led to rising wage costs
Secondly, with the development of China's economy and the expansion of its economic scale, China's demand for raw materials, energy and other natural resources has also increased significantly, and China's dependence on foreign resources has also increased rapidly. This leads to the rise of resource prices, but also increases the proction costs of enterprises Thirdly, with the graal recognition of energy conservation and emission rection in the world and the resource pressure faced by China's economy, the Chinese government is paying more and more attention to energy conservation and emission rection, and the corresponding requirements and standards are also getting higher and higher. In order to meet this requirement, enterprises have to increase human and material resources, which objectively further increases the proction costs of enterprises Fourthly, with the improvement of residents' income and living standards, Chinese residents pay more and more attention to the quality of life, so the requirements of environmental protection, proction safety, food safety and living comfort are also higher and higher, and to meet these requirements also needs to increase investment, which objectively makes the proction cost rise and increases the pressure of rising prices There are two ways of demand tightening, one is fiscal demand tightening, the other is monetary demand tightening. Under the framework of demand tightening, the internal fiscal policy and monetary policy of demand management can also be loosely combined, which is no different from the current macroeconomic policy system2. Supply expansion
expansionary supply management policy is the best strategy to deal with cost driven inflation, namely "stagflation"< First of all, tax rection policy. Recing corporate taxes, such as corporate income tax and corporate value-added tax, will help to improve the actual profit margin and stimulate supply
in recent years, China's tax growth rate has been higher than GDP growth rate, which means that resources are rapidly accumulating to the government, and the proportion of government tax in GDP continues to rise. Tax cuts for enterprises help to curb this trend, but also offset the burden of rising costs on enterprises and increase the total supply< Secondly, accelerate the appreciation of RMB. At present, China is more and more dependent on external energy and raw materials. The appreciation of RMB helps to rece the prices of raw materials and energy, and thus helps to rece the proction costs of enterprises. For China's economy, this is equivalent to a favorable supply shock
extended data
inflation effect:
1. Compulsory saving effect
if the government borrows money from the central bank to raise construction funds, it will increase the investment demand of the whole society, resulting in rising prices
under the condition that the public nominal income remains unchanged, the actual amount of consumption and savings according to the original mode and quantity will decrease with the rise of prices, and the reced part is roughly equivalent to the part of government income realized by inflation. The government savings realized in this way is the compulsory savings effect of inflation
The income distribution effect is very different from the income sources of all social strata. Therefore, when the general price level rises, some people's actual income level will decline, while some people's actual income level will increasethe income redistribution caused by the price rise is the income distribution effect of inflation. This kind of income redistribution is shown as follows: it is beneficial to the profit earners but not to the wage earners; In favor of the debtor but not the creditor; It's good for the state, not for the public
The effect of asset structure adjustment is also called wealth distribution effect, which refers to the phenomenon that the value of different components of family property increases and decreases e to the rise of prices. The monetary value of physical assets generally rises and falls with the change of inflation The stock market of financial assets is variable, but it is not a safe form of hedging assets in inflation; As for the various assets of monetary claims and debts, prices rise and the actual amount of money decreases; On the contrary, the actual amount of money increases