National regulatory virtual currency website
in view of the possible risks of virtual currency, many international organizations and central banks have responded publicly to the supervision of virtual currency system. These responses can be roughly divided into four categories: warning and risk warning, supervision and registration permission, legislative norms, and explicit prohibition
(1) warning and risk warning
some central banks and regulators have issued risk warnings against the special currency and virtual currency system. The federal financial regulatory authority of Germany, the Bank of France, the central banks of the Netherlands and Belgium have issued public warnings against the possible money laundering and terrorist financing caused by the use of bitcoin. In the report released at the end of 2013, the European Banking authority (EBA) warned consumers of many risks of virtual currency, such as exchange loss, e-wallet theft, unprotected payment, price fluctuation and so on. Although Spain did not have a similar risk warning, it issued a timely information announcement related to virtual currency
(2) supervision and registration license
generally speaking, international organizations believe that the supervision of virtual currency should find a balance between risk prevention and innovation promotion. Since 2012, Sweden has required transactions related to virtual currency to be registered with financial regulators. Other countries pay attention to qualification supervision, so as to make it indirectly meet the requirements of prudential supervision. In other countries, the regulation mainly focuses on the business model of virtual currency transaction. The financial prudential regulatory authority of France regards the provision of bitcoin circulation and trading services and the act of earning funds in the process as a payment service and requires the authorization of the government. In addition, some countries focus on the intermediary institutions related to virtual currency. The German federal financial regulatory agency and Danish regulators believe that the provision of intermediary services for virtual currency needs to be authorized< (3) legislative norms
at present, some countries have proposed legislation to regulate virtual currency transactions. Canada plans to legislate to allow the government to supervise the transaction of bitcoin, and to include the transaction of more than US $10000 into the scope of suspicious supervision. The United States hopes to adjust the relevant legal structure should be compared with the development of the special currency. In order to make the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) applicable in the context of network, the financial crime enforcement network (FinCEN) of the U.S. Department of the Treasury issued the explanatory guidance on the behavior and subject definition of private generation, holding, distribution, trading, acceptance and transmission of virtual currency in 2013. The European central bank stressed that it should strengthen international cooperation under the existing legal framework, and regulate virtual currency from the European and global level under the existing legal framework. More countries believe that bitcoin is not a currency in circulation, has no legal status, and does not meet the definition of financial instruments, such as Finland, Sweden, Malaysia and Indonesia
(4) it is forbidden
in some countries, bitcoin related transactions are prohibited. In December 2013, the people's Bank of China banned financial institutions from trading in bitcoin, which was subsequently extended to payment service providers. The central banks of Thailand and Indonesia share the same attitude. The circulation of anonymous internet currency (including bitcoin) is prohibited by the Russian judicial inspection department as a substitute for currency. The Central Bank of Russia has earlier included the provision of bitcoin services in the scope of suspicious transaction monitoring. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has banned the issue of unregistered shares in exchange for bitcoin, and unregistered online securities trading activities in virtual currency.
There are two reasons for the prohibition of virtual currency trading by the state:
1. The price fluctuates violently and the consumer protection is lacking:
virtual currency is the proct of network, and the digital information flowing in the network is beyond everyone's control. The code of cyberspace is the basis of the operation of virtual currency, investors can only operate through the front-end interface, seemingly "control" the virtual currency. The operator of the virtual currency service organization may become the actual controller of the virtual currency through the control code
bitcoin and other so-called "virtual currencies" lack a clear value basis, the market is full of speculative atmosphere, the price fluctuates violently, and investors blindly follow suit, which is easy to cause capital losses
2. Evade supervision and become the "accomplice" of criminal activities:
bitcoin is popular as a payment tool in the so-called "dark web" world“ The "dark net" is full of all kinds of serious criminal activities. One of the original intentions of the invention of bitcoin is to evade regulation. It has the characteristics of anonymity and convenient cross-border flow, and has become the preferred tool of "underground economy"
the existence of bitcoin and exchanges and other instrial chains has constructed a illegal financial market for asset transfer and financing in addition to legal currency, increased the difficulty of regulatory authorities in managing financial security and stability, and promoted regulatory arbitrage and financial crimes. The risks and social security risks it brings to the financial market are far higher than its innovative value
extended information
virtual currency transactions are not protected by law:
according to the notice on preventing bitcoin risks issued by the people's Bank of China and other departments on December 3, 2013 and the announcement on preventing financing risks of token issuance issued by seven ministries and commissions including the people's Bank of China on September 4, 2017, virtual currency is not issued by monetary authorities, It is not a real currency because it does not have the monetary attributes of legal compensation and compulsion
in terms of nature, virtual currency should be a specific virtual commodity, which does not have the same legal status as currency, and can not and should not be used as currency in the market. Although citizens' investment and trading in other virtual currencies are personal freedom, they can not be protected by law
With the popularity of bitcoin and other virtual currencies, the risk of fueling illegal economic activities is increasing. The reporter recently learned that the regulatory authorities will ban the domestic virtual currency trading platform
for ordinary consumers, investing in bitcoin is also risky. Many experts and regulators in China have repeatedly appealed that virtual currency trading platforms such as bitcoin are lack of supervision and have become tools for money laundering in illegal economic activities. At the same time, these trading platforms are vulnerable to manipulation by makers, resulting in huge price fluctuations and easy to make retail investors suffer losses. They have become channels for manipulation and ransacking of retail investors by makers and should be banned as soon as possible
"banning bitcoin trading platform is a channel for banning the massive exchange between bitcoin and legal tender, not bitcoin." A person close to the regulator said that the ban on activities related to bitcoin exchange does not affect the development of blockchain technology
the reporter learned from the China Internet Finance Association that the reminder on preventing the risks of bitcoin and other so-called "virtual currencies" released on September 13 said that in recent years, bitcoin and other so-called "virtual currencies" have carried out centralized transactions on some Internet platforms, the number of stakeholders has graally expanded, and the potential financial and social risks can not be ignored
the Internet Finance Association stressed: "there is no legal basis for the establishment of various so-called" currency "trading platforms in China." Investors participate in speculation through bitcoin and other so-called "virtual currency" trading platforms, and face the risk of price fluctuations and security risks. Recently, a large number of trading platforms have been stopped by the regulatory authorities for supporting the token issuance financing (ICO)
more virtual money will inevitably disturb the social order, and it is an inevitable trend to restrict virtual money< br />
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Without the so-called formal platform, virtual currency has not been legally recognized in China. There are only relatively large platforms, such as: among the top ten digital currency trading platforms that users are familiar with,
three digital currency trading platforms with an average daily trading volume of more than 10 billion are okex, fire coin pro and coin an
there are many digital currency trading platforms, more than 100 of which are still increasing. So many digital currency trading platforms make users dazzled when they choose
but in fact, although there are many digital currency trading platforms, there are few formal currency trading platforms that have done well in all aspects. The usage habits of every user who invests in digital currency procts will also affect their evaluation of the selected digital currency trading platform
extended information
in order to protect the interests of investors, the regulatory authorities have long announced the prohibition of this transaction in China - and the regulatory authorities' determination to crack down on virtual currency transactions has not changed
you know, as early as September 2017, the central bank and other seven ministries and commissions jointly issued the announcement on preventing the financing risk of token issuance, calling for the suspension of direct transactions of virtual currency. In January 2018, the leading group for the special rectification of Internet financial risks, the China Internet Finance Association, the business management department of the central bank and other departments successively issued three articles to strengthen the supervision of virtual currency again