The state does not crack down on virtual currency mining
in view of the possible risks of virtual currency, many international organizations and central banks have responded publicly to the supervision of virtual currency system. These responses can be roughly divided into four categories: warning and risk warning, supervision and registration permission, legislative norms, and explicit prohibition
(1) warning and risk warning
some central banks and regulators have issued risk warnings against the special currency and virtual currency system. The federal financial regulatory authority of Germany, the Bank of France, the central banks of the Netherlands and Belgium have issued public warnings against the possible money laundering and terrorist financing caused by the use of bitcoin. In the report released at the end of 2013, the European Banking authority (EBA) warned consumers of many risks of virtual currency, such as exchange loss, e-wallet theft, unprotected payment, price fluctuation and so on. Although Spain did not have a similar risk warning, it issued a timely information announcement related to virtual currency
(2) supervision and registration license
generally speaking, international organizations believe that the supervision of virtual currency should find a balance between risk prevention and innovation promotion. Since 2012, Sweden has required transactions related to virtual currency to be registered with financial regulators. Other countries pay attention to qualification supervision, so as to make it indirectly meet the requirements of prudential supervision. In other countries, the regulation mainly focuses on the business model of virtual currency transaction. The financial prudential regulatory authority of France regards the provision of bitcoin circulation and trading services and the act of earning funds in the process as a payment service and requires the authorization of the government. In addition, some countries focus on the intermediary institutions related to virtual currency. The German federal financial regulatory agency and Danish regulators believe that the provision of intermediary services for virtual currency needs to be authorized< (3) legislative norms
at present, some countries have proposed legislation to regulate virtual currency transactions. Canada plans to legislate to allow the government to supervise the transaction of bitcoin, and to include the transaction of more than US $10000 into the scope of suspicious supervision. The United States hopes to adjust the relevant legal structure should be compared with the development of the special currency. In order to make the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) applicable in the context of network, the financial crime enforcement network (FinCEN) of the U.S. Department of the Treasury issued the explanatory guidance on the behavior and subject definition of private generation, holding, distribution, trading, acceptance and transmission of virtual currency in 2013. The European central bank stressed that it should strengthen international cooperation under the existing legal framework, and regulate virtual currency from the European and global level under the existing legal framework. More countries believe that bitcoin is not a currency in circulation, has no legal status, and does not meet the definition of financial instruments, such as Finland, Sweden, Malaysia and Indonesia
(4) it is forbidden
in some countries, bitcoin related transactions are prohibited. In December 2013, the people's Bank of China banned financial institutions from trading in bitcoin, which was subsequently extended to payment service providers. The central banks of Thailand and Indonesia share the same attitude. The circulation of anonymous internet currency (including bitcoin) is prohibited by the Russian judicial inspection department as a substitute for currency. The Central Bank of Russia has earlier included the provision of bitcoin services in the scope of suspicious transaction monitoring. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has banned the issue of unregistered shares in exchange for bitcoin, and unregistered online securities trading activities in virtual currency.
of course, virtual currencies are not all pyramid schemes, such as bitcoin, lightcoin, decent and so on.
There are two reasons for the prohibition of virtual currency trading by the state:
1. The price fluctuates violently and the consumer protection is lacking:
virtual currency is the proct of network, and the digital information flowing in the network is beyond everyone's control. The code of cyberspace is the basis of the operation of virtual currency, investors can only operate through the front-end interface, seemingly "control" the virtual currency. The operator of the virtual currency service organization may become the actual controller of the virtual currency through the control code
bitcoin and other so-called "virtual currencies" lack a clear value basis, the market is full of speculative atmosphere, the price fluctuates violently, and investors blindly follow suit, which is easy to cause capital losses
2. Evade supervision and become the "accomplice" of criminal activities:
bitcoin is popular as a payment tool in the so-called "dark web" world“ The "dark net" is full of all kinds of serious criminal activities. One of the original intentions of the invention of bitcoin is to evade regulation. It has the characteristics of anonymity and convenient cross-border flow, and has become the preferred tool of "underground economy"
the existence of bitcoin and exchanges and other instrial chains has constructed a illegal financial market for asset transfer and financing in addition to legal currency, increased the difficulty of regulatory authorities in managing financial security and stability, and promoted regulatory arbitrage and financial crimes. The risks and social security risks it brings to the financial market are far higher than its innovative value
extended information
virtual currency transactions are not protected by law:
according to the notice on preventing bitcoin risks issued by the people's Bank of China and other departments on December 3, 2013 and the announcement on preventing financing risks of token issuance issued by seven ministries and commissions including the people's Bank of China on September 4, 2017, virtual currency is not issued by monetary authorities, It is not a real currency because it does not have the monetary attributes of legal compensation and compulsion
in terms of nature, virtual currency should be a specific virtual commodity, which does not have the same legal status as currency, and can not and should not be used as currency in the market. Although citizens' investment and trading in other virtual currencies are personal freedom, they can not be protected by law
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virtual currency refers to non real currency
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"virtual" this form and its performance is not the first important, the first important is the internal value. In other words, what is the relationship and difference between the value of virtual currency and that of general currency
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in view of the depth of the problem background, we need to stand higher in the starting point of research. The problem of currency is the problem of modernity, and the problem of virtual currency is the problem of post modernity. They do not share the same basic paradigm. It is the difference of paradigm, not virtual phenomenon, that leads to the difference between them
is has the long term stability. It is not a matter of long-term stability. It is not the calculation of our own but has the final say of the opening party. So this is also a network pyramid selling. There is no guarantee that when the money is in it, there is no money to go out. There is no money to make
2. virtual currency: now it is empty in the market. There are a lot of counterfeit things like electronic currency, virtual currency, virtual currency, encrypted digital currency and so on. If you don't understand these things, you may be cheated, and your funds will also be lost, which is the so-called damage to yourself and your contacts, because I have suffered losses on this. Now I know how to judge and have experience. I want to know For more differentiation criteria of virtual currency, see user, user, name, one, rise, chat,,
< / OL >
and fruit powder also use a sentence "buy before proctivity, buy 271" to make complaints about iPad.
I personally experienced traveling to Japan at that time, but I couldn't put it down in our media. I wanted to send a few words in a simple code, but it was too heavy to carry a notebook. The iPad was light enough to open and process easily. With a Bluetooth keyboard, it was really enough to deal with document processing, but it was hard to send. There was no mouse or cursor, I think the iPad Pro is only "able to do" in terms of document and release, but there is still a gap of about two surfaces away from "doing well". Finally, I chose to take the surface to travel. After all, it's no problem to buy an old surface pro at this price. With simple image and text processing, the complete win experience of surface is much more comfortable than playing tricks on IOS
in terms of proctivity, I think the real proctivity that iPad Pro can do is that it has obvious advantages over other devices. The first is drawing, the second is the later stage of drawing repair. The additional usb-c socket is not for you to plug in a USB flash disk, but for connecting a digital camera. IPad Pro should be an artifact for painting masters and image workers. When you go out to take photos, you can immediately receive the effect of viewing raw images from iPad pro, and you can use Lightroom to repair pictures later. The touch experience is no worse than that of the mouse. Compared with surface, iPad Pro can be more like a tablet than win10's tablet mode, obtaining a more relaxed and convenient operation experience, and it is lighter and thinner It's easier to carry, especially in the small 11 inch version. And the color standard of iPad Pro is close to that of professional LCD screen, which is very friendly for photographers and even photographers
in terms of drawing, although the advantages of software are certainly not as good as some professional drawing software of win10, some professional drawing software on IOS is enough to draw commercial images. As an amateur, I used to use digital board, then surface, and now I use iPad. Personally, I still think the experience of iPad Pro is the best, Especially the pen of Apple pencil II, the experience is great
at the moment of the release of IOS 13.1, Apple also installed a new system, the iPad OS. This time, the iPad OS has updated many functions, including some gesture operations, which make ing and pasting, which are more related to "proctivity", faster and more convenient. Most importantly, this time, the iPad starts to support USB flash drives
after the author inserts the ordinary 128G usb-c USB disk of Sandi into the iPad pro, the iPad Pro can actually read the contents of the USB disk from the "file" menu, including pictures, videos, audio and text documents, and can realize basic , paste and other operations by long pressing, And you can all kinds of articles in iPad pro to this USB flash drive in the way of "" and "paste". It should be noted that the author tested that apple can only recognize the disk format of exFAT, but it cannot recognize the U disk of NTFS
in the past, the iPhone can insert a dedicated USB flash disk through the specified hardware, and read and write the USB flash disk through a third-party app, but this time the iPad can use an ordinary USB flash disk, which is closer to the "proctivity tool". The high-capacity USB flash drive can easily and quickly import video and picture materials into the iPad. After creation, it can also easily export them. In addition, some updated gestures are used to complete the and paste operation of text editing. Apple's goal of truly regarding the iPad as proctivity is very clear, although it has not been able to operate proctivity as smoothly as Mac OS, However, we can feel from this update that the boundary between iPad and MacBook is becoming blurred. In the future, we may connect the Bluetooth keyboard and mouse, plug in the USB flash disk, and use some full-featured apps to really create like Mac. Then, the 6500 yuan super expensive iPad Pro can not become a vase of entertainment with its computing power.