Carbon trading and virtual currency

1. 1、 The definition of virtual currency

virtual currency is the proct of the Internet, which refers to non real currency. In the case of the connection between virtual and reality, virtual currency has its real value

the well-known virtual currencies are familiar to everyone, such as the network currency of the network company, the Q currency of Tencent company, the Q point, the voucher of Shanda company, and the micro currency launched by Sina; In recent years, the popular digital currencies include bitcoin, Wright coin, infinite coin, quark coin, zeta coin, barbecue coin, penny coin, invisible gold bar, red coin, prime currency, etc. at present, there are more than 100 kinds of digital virtual currencies issued all over the world

Second, the classification of virtual currency

the first category is the familiar game currency. In the era of stand-alone games, the protagonist accumulates money by knocking down the enemy, entering the gambling house to win money and so on, and uses these to buy materials and equipment, but it can only be used in his own game console. At that time, there was no "market" between players. Since the establishment of Internet portal and community, the realization of game networking, virtual currency has a "financial market", players can trade game currency

the second category is the special currency issued by the portal website or instant messaging service provider, which is used to purchase the services in the website. The most widely used is Tencent's q-coin, which can be used to purchase membership, QQ show and other value-added services

the third category is virtual currency on the Internet, such as bitcoin (BTC), lightmoney (LTC), etc. bitcoin is an electronic currency proced by open-source P2P software. Some people also translate bitcoin as "bitcoin", which is a kind of network virtual currency. It is mainly used for Internet financial investment, and can also be directly used in daily life as a new currency< Third, the development of virtual currency has just begun in the long history of mankind, and the decentralized cryptography currency bitcoin is the most famous. Bitcoin, as a concept, came into being in 2008 and was put forward by a mysterious expert with the pseudonym of "Nakamoto Tsung". At that time, bitcoin was worthless, but there were always player transactions, which made it grow slowly from 2009 to 2012, especially in the second half of 2012, showing explosive growth, with the highest value of 8000 yuan per currency. This makes many players who are not bitcoin come in and regard it as a way of investment and financial management. From 2009 to now, bitcoin has been recognized by one country, and now more than 100 countries are using and circulating bitcoin

since 2015, the application process of cryptocurrency has begun to accelerate, and more and more cryptocurrency has graally entered the life of ordinary people, and is increasingly widely used in the world. Virtual currency can not only be used for financial management, but also can be used to buy goods. In the future, it will circulate in the world like traditional currency

all kinds of signs show that virtual currency will replace traditional currency.

2. I've never heard of AC as a virtual currency. If I'm interested in virtual currency, I'd like to play with the well-known currencies such as bitcoin, lightcoin and dogcoin. Here are some meanings of AC:

abbreviation of academic< The axiom of choice is a axiom of set theory, which was formulated by German mathematician Ernst zemello in 1904
physics
alternating current refers to the current whose size and direction change periodically, which is widely used in power transmission (i.e. AC transmission). After Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic inction, the principle of alternating current has been revealed. In 1891, Nicolas Tesla obtained the patent of "high frequency" (15000 Hz) alternator< In the process of porosity logging, acoustic time difference is used to reflect the curve data of lithology and rock structure. Because acoustic can be written as acoustic, AC is used to refer to this data
attenuation coefficient, also known as attenuation constant and attenuation coefficient, refers to the change or loss of a certain substance or physical quantity (light, sound, electricity, heat, pollutant composition in water body, etc.) under the influence of other physical phenomena (medium density, humidity, temperature, etc.) under one unit measurement. If sound propagates in the air, it will be affected by the viscosity of the air, heat conction (classical absorption) and relaxation effect (molecular absorption) of the vibration of oxygen and nitrogen molecules in the air
chemistry
actinium (element symbol: AC) is a metal element with extremely strong radioactivity. It was discovered in 1899 and exists in pitchblende or uranium bearing minerals, resulting from the decay of uranium. Its atomic number is 89. It belongs to actinide. Its radioactivity is about 150 times that of radium. It can emit blue and white light in the dark. Because actinium content in nature is very low and difficult to extract, it is generally prepared by irradiating thorium-226 with neutrons in nuclear reactors. Its applications include medical tumor therapy and neutron source
acetate, also known as acetate, is a proct formed after the carboxyl proton (h-hydrogen ion) of acetic acid is replaced by other metal cations, such as sodium acetate (NaAc). At the same time, acetic acid itself can also be written as HAC. The molecular formula of acetate is CH3COO - or [c2h3o2] -, which belongs to one of carboxylate ions
acetyl group is an acyl functional group composed of methyl and carbonyl groups in organic chemistry. The molecular formula is ch3-c = o-r or CH3C (o) -, also known as AC -. Acetylation is a chemical reaction in which acetyl groups are introced into molecules by acetylating reagents (acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride are common). Compounds containing acetyl group can react with halogen under alkaline conditions to form haloform, which is called haloform reaction
acetoxy group, a functional group in organic chemistry, with the molecular formula r-o-c = O-CH3
Azodicarbonamide (azobisformamide) is a non-toxic, odorless, incombustible compound, soluble in alkali, insoluble in gasoline, alcohol, benzene, pyridine and water. Its molecular formula is c2h4o2n4, which can be used as food additive and foaming agent
activated carbon is also called activated carbon black. It is black powder or granular amorphous carbon. The main components of activated carbon are oxygen, hydrogen and other elements besides carbon. This is the reason why activated carbon is a hydrophobic adsorbent. In addition to I carbon element, activated carbon also contains two kinds of admixtures: one is chemically combined elements, mainly oxygen and hydrogen, which are left in the carbon e to incomplete carbonization, or in the process of activation, foreign non carbon elements are chemically combined with the surface of activated carbon, for example, when activated with water vapor, the surface of activated carbon is oxidized or oxidized by water vapor; The other kind of admixture is ash, which is the inorganic part of activated carbon. The element composition of several activated carbons is easy to cause secondary pollution.

3. I've never heard of AC as a virtual currency. If I'm interested in virtual currency, I'd like to play with the well-known currencies such as bitcoin, lightcoin and dogcoin. Here are some meanings of AC:

abbreviation of academic< The axiom of choice is a axiom of set theory, which was formulated by German mathematician Ernst zemello in 1904
physics
alternating current refers to the current whose size and direction change periodically, which is widely used in power transmission (i.e. AC transmission). After Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic inction, the principle of alternating current has been revealed. In 1891, Nicolas Tesla obtained the patent of "high frequency" (15000 Hz) alternator< In the process of porosity logging, acoustic time difference is used to reflect the curve data of lithology and rock structure. Because acoustic can be written as acoustic, AC is used to refer to this data
attenuation coefficient, also known as attenuation constant and attenuation coefficient, refers to the change or loss of a certain substance or physical quantity (light, sound, electricity, heat, pollutant composition in water body, etc.) under the influence of other physical phenomena (medium density, humidity, temperature, etc.) under one unit measurement. If sound propagates in the air, it will be affected by the viscosity of the air, heat conction (classical absorption) and relaxation effect (molecular absorption) of the vibration of oxygen and nitrogen molecules in the air
chemistry
actinium (element symbol: AC) is a metal element with extremely strong radioactivity. It was discovered in 1899 and exists in pitchblende or uranium bearing minerals, resulting from the decay of uranium. Its atomic number is 89. It belongs to actinide. Its radioactivity is about 150 times that of radium. It can emit blue and white light in the dark. Because actinium content in nature is very low and difficult to extract, it is generally prepared by irradiating thorium-226 with neutrons in nuclear reactors. Its applications include medical tumor therapy and neutron source
acetate, also known as acetate, is a proct formed after the carboxyl proton (h-hydrogen ion) of acetic acid is replaced by other metal cations, such as sodium acetate (NaAc). At the same time, acetic acid itself can also be written as HAC. The molecular formula of acetate is CH3COO - or [c2h3o2] -, which belongs to one of carboxylate ions
acetyl group is an acyl functional group composed of methyl and carbonyl groups in organic chemistry. The molecular formula is ch3-c = o-r or CH3C (o) -, also known as AC -. Acetylation is a chemical reaction in which acetyl groups are introced into molecules by acetylating reagents (acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride are common). Compounds containing acetyl group can react with halogen under alkaline conditions to form haloform, which is called haloform reaction
acetoxy group, a functional group in organic chemistry, with the molecular formula r-o-c = O-CH3
Azodicarbonamide (azobisformamide) is a non-toxic, odorless, incombustible compound, soluble in alkali, insoluble in gasoline, alcohol, benzene, pyridine and water. Its molecular formula is c2h4o2n4, which can be used as food additive and foaming agent
activated carbon is also called activated carbon black. It is black powder or granular amorphous carbon. The main components of activated carbon are oxygen, hydrogen and other elements besides carbon. This is the reason why activated carbon is a hydrophobic adsorbent. In addition to I carbon element, activated carbon also contains two kinds of admixtures: one is chemically combined elements, mainly oxygen and hydrogen, which are left in the carbon e to incomplete carbonization, or in the process of activation, foreign non carbon elements are chemically combined with the surface of activated carbon, for example, when activated with water vapor, the surface of activated carbon is oxidized or oxidized by water vapor; The other kind of admixture is ash, which is the inorganic part of activated carbon. The element composition of several activated carbons is easy to cause secondary pollution
biological
adenylate cyclase (also known as adenyl cyclinE, adenyl cyclin) is a membrane integrated protein, which can convert ATP into camp, causing cell signal response, and is an effector in G protein coupling system
medicine
anterior chamber refers to the cavity between the posterior cornea, iris and lens. The anterior chamber is filled with colorless fluid, namely aqueous humor
acromio clavicular joint (AC joint) is located in the upper part of the shoulder, connecting the acromion process of scapula and clavicle, which belongs to planar joint
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL or AC ligament) is located in the knee
anal canal, anatomically, refers to the part from the dentate line to the anal margin, with an average length of 2.5cm in alts; The part from the anal margin to the plane of anorectal ring is 4 cm in average length in alts
before meals (Latin: ante cibum), the doctor's prescription will sometimes inject AC, which means that the medicine should be taken before meals
adriamycin and cyclophosphamide refers to a chemotherapy regimen, which uses adriamycin (adriamycin, also known as doxorubicin, hydroxyerythromycin, hydroxydaunorubicin, adriamycin, and adriamycin) and cyclophosphamide (cyclophosphamide, also known as cancer powder, cancer star, Anderson, cyclophosphamide), mainly for the treatment of breast cancer
acronym for allergic cough
meteorology
altocumulus cloud is a kind of small, well-defined medium clouds with great differences in thickness and shape. Its color is white when it is thin and dark gray when it is thick
anticipated convection is used by the National Weather Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to refer to the expected convective events
astronomy
South Gate II (Centaurus) α/α In fact, Rigil Kentaurus is a Samsung system located in Centaurus. The comprehensive visual magnitude of the whole system reaches -0.27, which is the third brightest in the whole day after Sirius and ager. Nanmen II is also the closest star system to the solar system, in which the Proxima Centauri is known to be the closest star to the sun, only 4.22 light-years away from the sun
geography
Ascension Island, British overseas territory in the South Atlantic
alique (Portuguese: acre), a state in western Brazil, with Rio Blanco as its capital. ARIC Prefecture is a northwest southeast oblique type, bordering Peru in the west, Bolivia in the south, and Amazon, the largest state in Brazil in the northeast
Atlantic City is located in New Jersey, USA
Atlantic City, located in Wyoming, USA
Aachen (German: St & #228; Dteregion Aachen, a county in western Germany, belongs to the state of North Rhine Westfalen, bordering Belgium and the Netherlands in the West
economics / management
average cost refers to the average cost per unit of proct, which is equal to the sum of average constant cost and average variable cost
Evaluation Center refers to a comprehensive evaluation system which includes a variety of evaluation methods and technologies. Through this system, various organizations, groups and enterprises can select suitable candidates for a certain position from candidates
Instrial
asphalt concrete is a kind of building material
automation control, also known as automatic control, usually refers to the use of other devices or energy sources other than animals to achieve the work that human beings expect to perform without the need to operate machines or mechanisms by human hands
adaptive control is a control method that can adapt to the changes of system parameters
computer technology
AC value (alternating class) is a kind of complexity index, analogizing the NC value in the theory of self computational complexity (Nick & # 39; S class), mainly used in the field of computer algorithm optimization
. AC, the national top-level domain name of Ascension Island, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the South Atlantic Ocean
. AC refers to the secondary domain name of academic research institutions, which is often used by academic research institutions in a certain country or region and belongs to the organization domain name (similar to. Com for instrial and commercial enterprises,. Org for organizations,. Gov for government agencies,. E for ecational institutions, etc.)
accumulator full name accumulation register is a kind of register used to store the intermediate results of calculation in CPU
a software or application has passed the evaluation (accepted). Similarly, AC rate means the passing rate of the program
affective computing is to endow computers with the ability to observe, understand and generate various emotional features similar to human beings, so that computers can interact naturally, cordially and vividly like human beings
artificial consciousness, a term in the field of artificial intelligence and cognitive robotics, takes "what are the necessary conditions for the synthesis of a conscious human creation" as the research direction
mobile communication technology
authorization certificate
authentication center is a functional entity that authenticates the identity of mobile users and generates corresponding authentication parameters. Sometimes it is abbreviated as AUC to distinguish it from AC<
access criteria, the entry conditions for devices to access the network,
access controller (access controller or wireless access point controller), namely wireless controller, is a kind of network device, which is responsible for managing AP in a wireless network in a certain area
the main functions include: issuing configuration to different APS, modifying configuration, RF intelligent management, user access control, etc. The device is developed from the wireless network, which is different from the original wireless network, which is an independent single management mode. For a large area of wireless coverage, it often needs multiple AP (wireless access point) to work together. The way of configuring AP alone has become the bottleneck of workload, which leads to the wireless controller. At present, the wireless controller has made great progress, integrating many functions such as three-layer switch and authentication system, and has become the necessary equipment for operators and enterprises to deploy wireless LAN<

character
Shi Xiaolong
Shi Xiaolong (English Name: Ashton Chen), a Chinese TV drama and film actor, is a kung fu star. Shi Xiaolong was originally named Chen Xiaolong. When he was two years old, he converted to Shi Yongxin, the 29th generation successor of Shaolin Temple. He was given the name of Shi Xiaolong. He learned martial arts from childhood under the guidance of his father and master. He won two outstanding awards of Shaolin Tongbang and Luohan cudgel at the 1992 international Shaolin martial arts festival in Zhengzhou, China. His representative works include the film "Xiaolin boy" series, "Chinese dragon", "chasing the murderer by fire" and "IP MAN 2"; TV series "youth Bao Qingtian" series, "Yitian Tulong Ji", "heroes of Sui and Tang Dynasties" and so on< Agatha Christie (1890-1976), a famous British female novelist and playwright, is recognized as "Queen of crime". Her representative work is murder on the Orient Express

4. Take a look at MBI's barter money. He Zhenqiu, the God of stocks, preaches that Xiaomi has cooperation, and AirAsia has more than 60 levels of advertising, supported by the real instry

5. According to the information I know:
according to the "BP carbon emission calculator" and the fuel consumption of private cars, it is calculated that the carbon dioxide emissions reced by the members' mileage for the earth each time, which is called "low carbon points" for short, "carbon points". For every 10 grams of carbon dioxide rection, you can get a carbon credit. Carbon credit is also the embodiment of a person's low-carbon and environmental life, also known as carbon credit. Carbon currency (English CT) is the embodiment of the value of carbon points. Every 100 carbon points can be exchanged for one carbon currency, and carbon currency can be exchanged for special commodities.

6. Renewable energy, green foam, renewable energy, green foam, in response to the upsurge of climate change, the world's attention to renewable energy and emission rection technology has generally increased. The so-called green instrial stock has become one of the most popular conceptual plates in the stock market, triggering speculation in speculative capital. According to the statistics of the International Renewable Energy Association, the average p / E ratio of global solar listed companies in 2007 was more than 100 times, which was four or five times of the average p / E ratio of global stock market. The total return index of world new energy, which reflects the change of global renewable energy stock price, has increased by 281.62% in the past five years, while the Morgan Stanley world stock composite index and world energy index have only increased by 52.26% and 95.17% respectively in the same period. Among them, the market value of 10 renewable energy enterprises represented by Conergy, the largest solar energy enterprise in Germany, has increased about eight times in the past four years. Deloitte global venture capital survey results show that clean energy has become the preferred investment instry for the respondents for two consecutive years. According to the statistics of American Clean Technology Group, the total global investment in renewable energy in 2007 was US $5.18 billion, an increase of 44% over the previous year, more than seven times that of six years ago. It is estimated that the global investment in renewable energy will double again to about 10 billion US dollars in 2008. Carbon emissions trading black bubble to control greenhouse gas emissions, many countries represented by the EU have established domestic and trans regional carbon emissions trading system, allowing the free trade of greenhouse gas emission quotas between enterprises and countries. The Merrill Lynch analysis report points out that the rapid growth of carbon emissions trading has, to some extent, made carbon emissions a new virtual currency, virtually increasing the global supply of money and increasing the liquidity bubble. According to the statistics of Norwegian point carbon company, the global carbon emissions trading volume in 2006 was about US $30.4 billion, more than double the previous year. The financial times forecasts that by 2010, global carbon emissions trading will more than double to US $68.2 billion, and unregulated self trading will increase to more than US $4 billion. The brighter and more attractive colors of every hue and bubble that are blowing up will be more far-reaching. Compared with the network and real estate instries, the development of renewable energy needs more investment, and the capital risk and policy risk of the instry are higher. According to the statistics of McKinsey consulting company, the average venture capital of each renewable energy technology enterprise is about US $14 million, and the medium-term investment is about US $100 million to US $200 million, and more large-scale infrastructure is needed to support it. The RAND report points out that the whole renewable energy sector is still a naive instry, and it is difficult to compete with the traditional energy instry in the market at present. The cost of solar and wind power generation is still 3-10 times that of thermal power generation. Without mandatory regulations, these technologies can not enter the market at all. Different from the Internet and real estate instries, the clean technology instry involves not only related enterprises and investors, but also many governments, which provide financial and policy support. In order to use renewable energy, consumers also need to transform their own cars and home heating, electric power and other facilities, with large investment. Once the bubble burst, the social impact will be greater. It will affect all levels of government, enterprises and the public. It will affect other sectors such as finance, infrastructure, electricity and so on, and may lead to government financial and public crisis. According to the US ITULIP technology consulting company, the total amount of new bubble assets will reach US $4 trillion in the next 5 years and increase to US $20 trillion by 2020. In contrast, the balance of real estate mortgage loans in the United States since 1990 is less than $10 trillion, of which the total amount of high-risk subprime loans leading to the subprime crisis is only $2 trillion. In 2000, before the collapse of the US internet blue bubble, NASDAQ's total market capitalization was the highest at $6 trillion and 700 billion. How the bubble is blown out is a new economic bubble that is stimulated by the high price of international energy. In recent years, the prices of crude oil, coal, natural gas and other traditional energy resources have maintained a rapid rise, one after another reaching historical highs. In this case, many traditional energy enterprises immediately transfer to renewable energy, especially the development of bioenergy with corn, soybean and other crops as raw materials is particularly valued, even at the cost of recing food supply and occupying food cultivated land. The IMF's new world economic outlook affirms that the growth of demand for renewable energy, such as biofuels, has accelerated the price rise of corn, soybeans and their alternative food crops. According to statistics, in 2007, the US bioenergy manufacturing instry's demand for grain increased by 50% over the previous year, consuming 140 million tons of grain, accounting for 28% of the US grain proction, of which about 1 / 2 of the corn proction was used for ethanol gasoline proction, more than twice as much as in 2006. According to the report of the British investment bank, in order to promote biofuels, some energy companies are trying to control the construction scale of new refining facilities, and the lack of idle refining capacity is one of the main factors leading to the rise of global oil prices. The new economic bubble is caused by climate change. At present, climate change has become one of the severe challenges facing the international community. Coping with the threat that climate change may bring to mankind and promoting the process of international emission rection has become an important global issue. This global upsurge to deal with climate change makes the development and application of clean energy and emission rection technology become a new economic hot spot, and promotes the rapid development of related instries. But it also leads to the upsurge of blind investment sentiment, which makes people treat the development prospects of related instries, especially renewable energy instry too optimistic, ignore or even ignore the investment risks, and overdraw the development potential of these emerging instries to a certain extent.

8. You need to go to big brother to change it for you.

9. In the view of experts, the evaluation of the impact of the exchange rate on the economy should not only look at the exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar, but also look at the weighted average exchange rate of RMB against various currencies. According to this calculation, the appreciation of RMB is not much. The impact of RMB appreciation on the real economy is not as big as the outside world imagined. It is expected that in the second half of 2021, the pressure of RMB appreciation against the US dollar will weaken or fluctuate to a certain extent. At the same time, the reform of RMB exchange rate will enter a relatively appropriate period, and the conditions for further expanding the fluctuation limit range of RMB may be more mature<

the impact of RMB appreciation on the real economy is less than "imagined"

Xu Gao, member of CF40 Youth Forum and assistant president and chief economist of BOC securities, believes that at present, the impact of RMB appreciation on China's economy, including exports, is relatively small. On the one hand, the appreciation of RMB is still relatively "moderate"; On the other hand, the recent appreciation of RMB against the US dollar is partly e to the strong export performance and more foreign exchange settlement. This is a normal market reaction and will not significantly suppress exports

Xu Gao pointed out that the evaluation of the impact of exchange rate on the economy should not only look at the exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar, but also look at the weighted average exchange rate of RMB against various currencies. According to this exchange rate, there is not much appreciation of RMB

"now you may pay more attention to the fact that the exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar has appreciated more recently, which is more e to the large depreciation of the US dollar. But if we look at the RMB against other currencies in the basket, such as the RMB against the euro, we will not see a strong appreciation trend. " He said

Xu Qiyuan, director of CF40 research department and researcher of Institute of world economic affairs, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, also believes that from the perspective of basket exchange rate, the impact of RMB appreciation on the real economy may be less than that of bilateral exchange rate appreciation< According to wind data, as of 16:30 on January 6, the onshore RMB was at 6.4615 against the US dollar, up 25 basis points from the previous day, reaching a new high since mid June 2018. Since the end of May, the onshore RMB has risen nearly 10% against the US dollar, while the RMB has declined slightly against the euro ring the same period

if you look at the CFETS basket of RMB exchange rate index, it is about 95 on January 5, which is equivalent to or slightly weaker than the level in late March 2020 and late April 2020, and lower than the level in mid June 2018

Xu Qiyuan predicted that the RMB exchange rate may have a strong expectation of appreciation in the first half of 2021, and the pressure of appreciation in the second half of 2021 will decrease or fluctuate. This is mainly because the first half of the European and American economy will be seriously impacted by the winter epidemic, and even some countries may face double bottom recession (such as the United Kingdom and Germany). The second half may benefit from the boost brought by the popularization of vaccines, and the economy of the whole year may show a trend of low in the front and high in the back. China's economy may be high in the front and low in the back, and the trend of economic situation at home and abroad is in contrast

the same is true for exports. It is expected that China's exports will be more optimistic in the first half of 2021. With the popularization of vaccines, the proction capacity and economic activities of European and American developed economies will recover significantly in the second half of the year, and the gap between supply and demand will be effectively compensated. China's share of global exports will graally fall back to the normal historical level before the epidemic. However, the overall volume of Global trade may not be able to return to the level before the epidemic. Coupled with the high base effect in the late 2020, it means that China's export growth will face certain pressure in the late 2021. As a price effect, RMB exchange rate plays a relatively limited role as long as the fluctuation is not huge.

10. Carbon currency exchange starts at 7:00 p.m. every Thursday. 100 carbon points are equal to 1 carbon currency, and the upper limit of one transaction is 20 carbon currencies. Low carbon trading rush buying activities are carried out at 7:30 p.m. every Thursday, with a limited number