How to calculate the price of virtual currency
Publish: 2021-05-12 02:42:36
1. In order to understand the technical principle of bitcoin, we need to understand two important cryptographic techniques: hash code: it converts a long string into a fixed length string, and its conversion is irreversible, that is, it is impossible to guess the original string from hash code. Sha256 is mainly used in bitcoin protocol
public key system: corresponds to a public key and a private key, keeps the private key in the application and publishes the public key. When Party A transmits information to Party B, it can use Party A's private key to encrypt the information, and Party B can use Party A's public key to decrypt the information, so as to ensure that the third party cannot impersonate Party A to send the information; At the same time, when Party A transmits information to Party B, it is encrypted with Party B's public key and sent to Party B, and then Party B decrypts it with his own private key, so as to ensure that the third party cannot eavesdrop on the communication between the two people. RSA is the most common public key system, but the lliptic curve digital signature algorithm is used in bitcoin protocol. What's the difference between cash and bank account? Bitcoin is an electronic currency in BTC. In this article, it is also used to refer to the whole bitcoin system. Like opening an account in a bank, the corresponding concept in bitcoin is address. Everyone can have one or more bitcoin addresses, which are used to pay and collect money. Each address is a string that starts with 1. For example, I have two bitcoin accounts, and. A bitcoin account is uniquely determined by a pair of public key and private key. To save the account, you only need to save the private key file. Unlike bank accounts, banks keep all transaction records and maintain the book balance of each account, while bitcoin's transaction records are jointly maintained by the whole P2P network through a pre agreed protocol. How much money is in my account address? Although the current account balance can be seen by bitcoin software, unlike banks, there is no place to maintain the book balance of each address. It can only calculate the account balance in real time through all historical transactions. How do I pay? When I pay from address a to address B of the other party, the payment amount is e. at this time, both parties will announce the transaction information to each network node, telling address a to pay to address B, and the payment amount is e. In order to prevent the third party from forging the transaction information, the transaction information will be encrypted with the private key of address A. at this time, the network node receiving the transaction information can use the public key of address a to verify that the transaction information is indeed sent by address a. Of course, trading software will help us do these things, we just need to input the relevant parameters in the software. What will the network node do after receiving the transaction information? This is the most important part of the bitcoin system, which needs to be elaborated. For the sake of simplicity, only bitcoin protocol has been implemented. In the current version, each network node will save all transaction information synchronously. There are two kinds of transaction information in history, one is & quot; Verified & quot; The transaction information, that is, the verified transaction information, is stored in a series of "blocks". Each & quot; block" Is the previous & quot; bock" The ID of each block is the hash code of the hash code of the block and the new transaction information (see an actual block). The other category refers to those who also & quot; Unverified & quot; The transaction information just paid above belongs to this category. When a network node receives new unverified transaction information (possibly more than one), it can calculate the book balance of each address at that time because the node keeps all the transaction information in history, so it can calculate whether the transaction information is valid, that is, whether there is enough balance in the payment account. After eliminating the invalid transaction information, it first takes out the last & quot; block" Then, the unverified transaction information is combined with the ID, and a verification code is added to form a new "block". It needs a lot of calculation to build a new block, because it needs to calculate the verification code, so that the above combination becomes a block, that is, the first several bits of the hash code of the block are 1. At present, the first 13 bits need to be 1 (generally, the specific method is uncertain), which means that if the block is generated by enumeration method, the average number of enumerations is 16 ^ 13. Using CPU resources to generate a block is called "gold mining", because the proction of the block will get a certain reward, and the reward information has been included in the block. When a network node generates a new block, it will broadcast to other network nodes. However, this network block may not be accepted by the network, because it is possible that other network nodes have proced the block earlier. Only the earliest block or the block with the largest number of subsequent blocks is valid, and the remaining blocks are no longer used as the initial blocks of the next block. How does the other party confirm that the payment is successful? When the payment information is distributed to the network node, the network node begins to calculate whether the transaction is valid (that is, whether the account balance is enough to pay), and attempts to generate blocks containing the transaction information. When six blocks (one direct block and five subsequent blocks) contain the transaction information, the transaction information is considered "verified", so that the transaction is formally confirmed, and the other party can confirm the successful payment. A possible problem is that I will pay the balance of address a to address B, and at the same time pay to address C. If I only verify that the single comparison transaction is valid. At this point, my way of cheating is to generate six blocks including B to B and six blocks including C to C before the truth is revealed. Because I need a very long CPU time to generate a block, compared with the whole network, the probability of my cheating success is very small. What is the motivation of network nodes to proce blocks? As can be seen from the above description, in order to make the transaction information effective, the network node needs to generate 1 and 5 subsequent blocks to contain the transaction information, and such block generation is very CPU intensive. How to let other network nodes help to proce blocks as soon as possible? The answer is very simple. The agreement stipulates that BTC will be rewarded for the address where the block is proced, as well as the Commission promised by both parties. At present, the reward for procing a block is 50btc, which will be halved every four years in the future. For example, the reward will be 25btc from 2013 to 2016. Is the transaction anonymous? Yes, and No. All bitcoin transactions are visible. We can check all transaction records of each account, such as mine. But what's different from the banking monetary system is that everyone's account itself is anonymous, and everyone can open many accounts. In general, anonymity is not as good as it claims. But bitcoin has another advantage in doing black market trading: it can't be frozen. Even if the police trace a bitcoin address, there is nothing they can do unless they trace the computer used by the exchange based on the Internet address. How to ensure that bitcoin does not depreciate? Generally speaking, in the case of equivalent trading activities, the value of money is inversely proportional to the amount of money issued. Unlike the traditional money market, the central bank can determine the amount of money issued. Bitcoin does not have a central issuing institution. Only by procing blocks can we get a certain amount of BTC currency. Therefore, bitcoin's new amount of money depends on: 1. The speed of procing blocks: bitcoin's agreement stipulates that the difficulty of procing blocks is fixed at an average of 2016 every two weeks, about 10 minutes. Moore's law of doubling CPU speed every 18 months will not speed up the proction of block. 2. The number of rewards for block proction: at present, 50 BTC is awarded for each block proced, which is halved every four years. In 2013, 25 BTC is awarded, and in 2017, 12.5 BTC is awarded. Considering the above two factors, bitcoin's currency issuing speed is not controlled by any single node in the network. Its protocol makes the currency stock known in advance, and the maximum stock is only 21 million BTC
public key system: corresponds to a public key and a private key, keeps the private key in the application and publishes the public key. When Party A transmits information to Party B, it can use Party A's private key to encrypt the information, and Party B can use Party A's public key to decrypt the information, so as to ensure that the third party cannot impersonate Party A to send the information; At the same time, when Party A transmits information to Party B, it is encrypted with Party B's public key and sent to Party B, and then Party B decrypts it with his own private key, so as to ensure that the third party cannot eavesdrop on the communication between the two people. RSA is the most common public key system, but the lliptic curve digital signature algorithm is used in bitcoin protocol. What's the difference between cash and bank account? Bitcoin is an electronic currency in BTC. In this article, it is also used to refer to the whole bitcoin system. Like opening an account in a bank, the corresponding concept in bitcoin is address. Everyone can have one or more bitcoin addresses, which are used to pay and collect money. Each address is a string that starts with 1. For example, I have two bitcoin accounts, and. A bitcoin account is uniquely determined by a pair of public key and private key. To save the account, you only need to save the private key file. Unlike bank accounts, banks keep all transaction records and maintain the book balance of each account, while bitcoin's transaction records are jointly maintained by the whole P2P network through a pre agreed protocol. How much money is in my account address? Although the current account balance can be seen by bitcoin software, unlike banks, there is no place to maintain the book balance of each address. It can only calculate the account balance in real time through all historical transactions. How do I pay? When I pay from address a to address B of the other party, the payment amount is e. at this time, both parties will announce the transaction information to each network node, telling address a to pay to address B, and the payment amount is e. In order to prevent the third party from forging the transaction information, the transaction information will be encrypted with the private key of address A. at this time, the network node receiving the transaction information can use the public key of address a to verify that the transaction information is indeed sent by address a. Of course, trading software will help us do these things, we just need to input the relevant parameters in the software. What will the network node do after receiving the transaction information? This is the most important part of the bitcoin system, which needs to be elaborated. For the sake of simplicity, only bitcoin protocol has been implemented. In the current version, each network node will save all transaction information synchronously. There are two kinds of transaction information in history, one is & quot; Verified & quot; The transaction information, that is, the verified transaction information, is stored in a series of "blocks". Each & quot; block" Is the previous & quot; bock" The ID of each block is the hash code of the hash code of the block and the new transaction information (see an actual block). The other category refers to those who also & quot; Unverified & quot; The transaction information just paid above belongs to this category. When a network node receives new unverified transaction information (possibly more than one), it can calculate the book balance of each address at that time because the node keeps all the transaction information in history, so it can calculate whether the transaction information is valid, that is, whether there is enough balance in the payment account. After eliminating the invalid transaction information, it first takes out the last & quot; block" Then, the unverified transaction information is combined with the ID, and a verification code is added to form a new "block". It needs a lot of calculation to build a new block, because it needs to calculate the verification code, so that the above combination becomes a block, that is, the first several bits of the hash code of the block are 1. At present, the first 13 bits need to be 1 (generally, the specific method is uncertain), which means that if the block is generated by enumeration method, the average number of enumerations is 16 ^ 13. Using CPU resources to generate a block is called "gold mining", because the proction of the block will get a certain reward, and the reward information has been included in the block. When a network node generates a new block, it will broadcast to other network nodes. However, this network block may not be accepted by the network, because it is possible that other network nodes have proced the block earlier. Only the earliest block or the block with the largest number of subsequent blocks is valid, and the remaining blocks are no longer used as the initial blocks of the next block. How does the other party confirm that the payment is successful? When the payment information is distributed to the network node, the network node begins to calculate whether the transaction is valid (that is, whether the account balance is enough to pay), and attempts to generate blocks containing the transaction information. When six blocks (one direct block and five subsequent blocks) contain the transaction information, the transaction information is considered "verified", so that the transaction is formally confirmed, and the other party can confirm the successful payment. A possible problem is that I will pay the balance of address a to address B, and at the same time pay to address C. If I only verify that the single comparison transaction is valid. At this point, my way of cheating is to generate six blocks including B to B and six blocks including C to C before the truth is revealed. Because I need a very long CPU time to generate a block, compared with the whole network, the probability of my cheating success is very small. What is the motivation of network nodes to proce blocks? As can be seen from the above description, in order to make the transaction information effective, the network node needs to generate 1 and 5 subsequent blocks to contain the transaction information, and such block generation is very CPU intensive. How to let other network nodes help to proce blocks as soon as possible? The answer is very simple. The agreement stipulates that BTC will be rewarded for the address where the block is proced, as well as the Commission promised by both parties. At present, the reward for procing a block is 50btc, which will be halved every four years in the future. For example, the reward will be 25btc from 2013 to 2016. Is the transaction anonymous? Yes, and No. All bitcoin transactions are visible. We can check all transaction records of each account, such as mine. But what's different from the banking monetary system is that everyone's account itself is anonymous, and everyone can open many accounts. In general, anonymity is not as good as it claims. But bitcoin has another advantage in doing black market trading: it can't be frozen. Even if the police trace a bitcoin address, there is nothing they can do unless they trace the computer used by the exchange based on the Internet address. How to ensure that bitcoin does not depreciate? Generally speaking, in the case of equivalent trading activities, the value of money is inversely proportional to the amount of money issued. Unlike the traditional money market, the central bank can determine the amount of money issued. Bitcoin does not have a central issuing institution. Only by procing blocks can we get a certain amount of BTC currency. Therefore, bitcoin's new amount of money depends on: 1. The speed of procing blocks: bitcoin's agreement stipulates that the difficulty of procing blocks is fixed at an average of 2016 every two weeks, about 10 minutes. Moore's law of doubling CPU speed every 18 months will not speed up the proction of block. 2. The number of rewards for block proction: at present, 50 BTC is awarded for each block proced, which is halved every four years. In 2013, 25 BTC is awarded, and in 2017, 12.5 BTC is awarded. Considering the above two factors, bitcoin's currency issuing speed is not controlled by any single node in the network. Its protocol makes the currency stock known in advance, and the maximum stock is only 21 million BTC
2. Theoretically, the price of virtual currency is determined by the market. When people have a better psychological expectation of a virtual currency, the supply will increase and the price of the currency will rise; When people do not hope for a virtual currency, the demand for the currency will decrease, and the price will also fall
however, in China, the price of virtual currency is also affected by policies to a certain extent. Recently, the central bank has tightened its attitude towards digital currency, and the price of bitcoin and other digital currencies has fallen sharply. The digital currency of PBoC is less affected, probably because PBoC has the support of real assets.
however, in China, the price of virtual currency is also affected by policies to a certain extent. Recently, the central bank has tightened its attitude towards digital currency, and the price of bitcoin and other digital currencies has fallen sharply. The digital currency of PBoC is less affected, probably because PBoC has the support of real assets.
3. The algorithm of each trading platform is different, which should be calculated according to the platform
some platforms are calculated by 24 hours, some by day, and some by average price. Specific algorithm or to ask the relevant trading platform, this is no standard answer
there are risks in digital currency investment, especially since digital currency has recently entered a bear market, investment should be more cautious. It is better to invest in mainstream digital currencies such as bitcoin, bitcoin cash and wikilink, which have passed the test of the market.
some platforms are calculated by 24 hours, some by day, and some by average price. Specific algorithm or to ask the relevant trading platform, this is no standard answer
there are risks in digital currency investment, especially since digital currency has recently entered a bear market, investment should be more cautious. It is better to invest in mainstream digital currencies such as bitcoin, bitcoin cash and wikilink, which have passed the test of the market.
4. Top 10 in the list of Qualcomm snapdragon processors: snapdragon 888
1. Process: it is equipped with the latest generation of 5nm manufacturing process to bring the strongest processor performance to users. The 5nm manufacturing process brings the most top technology, cost and functional performance requirements
2. Core: the three cluster architecture of super core + big core + small core is used, in which the super core is cortex x1, the big core is cortex A78, and the small core is cortex A55
3. Experience: Super core cortex-x1 has 1MB L2 cache, while A78 has 256Kb L2 cache, which can give you better performance experience,
brings the strongest architecture for users at present, with A78 20% higher in performance and machine learning 100% higher in performance
4. Optimization: for game optimization, provide users with variable coloring rate, It can improve the performance by 30%
5. Other aspects: for other aspects of the game, 144hz high refresh rate / high frame rate, true 10 bit HDR, surreal enhanced image quality, fast mixing,
GPU driver update, Xbox cloud / Google stadia / Amazon Luna cloud game, etc<
second place: snapdragon 870
1. Process: 1 * 3.19ghz + 3 * 2.42ghz + 4 * 1.8GHz eight core configuration,
2. Architecture: one large core and three medium cores adopt a77 architecture, and four small cores adopt a550 +
3. Other aspects: the GPU of snapdragon 870 is the frequency upgraded adreno650, and the baseband is still x55 modem< GPU: the performance of the new generation kryo 585 CPU is improved by 25%, and the overall performance of the new Adreno 650 GPU is also improved by 25% compared with the previous generation platform
5. Experience: it brings 7Nm proction technology, which brings the best mobile phone performance experience for users
6. Pixel: 1 billion pixel high-speed ISP, processing speed up to 2 billion pixels per second, supporting new shooting features and functions
7. Video: users can take 4K HDR video with 1 billion colors, 8K video or capture photos up to 200 million pixels<
third place: snapdragon 865
1. CPU: new kryo 585 architecture, up to 2.84ghz
2. GPU: with Adreno 650, the performance is 25% higher than that of snapdragon 855
3. With snapdragon x55 5g baseband, it can support up to 7.5gbps download speed and WiFi 6 protocol
4. It adopts the fifth generation AI engine and supports the computing power of 15 tops
5. It supports lpddr5 memory, 144hz screen refresh rate, 200 megapixel camera, 8K 30 frame video recording and 960 frame slow motion shooting
6. The main frequency of CPU is consistent with snapdragon 855. The new cortex-a77 architecture should have about 20% performance improvement according to the official data of arm
7. GPU is 25% higher than snapdragon 855, and the overall performance is 20% higher. Lpddr5 memory is also a bonus
fourth place: snapdragon 855 +
1. Both snapdragon 855 and snapdragon 855 + CPU adopt the same architecture kyro485. The difference is that their large core frequency is different. The large core frequency of 855 + is 2.96ghz higher than that of 855< In terms of GPU, 855 and 855 + are both adreno640, but their frequencies are also different. The frequency of 855 + is 672mhz, while that of 855 + is only 585mhz. The graphics ability of 855 + is 15% higher than that of 855
3. The same 7Nm process, both of them adopt the 1 + 3 + 4 8-core design. Except for the different frequencies of the large cores, the frequencies of the other 7 small cores remain unchanged< So in theory, snapdragon 855 + has stronger mononuclear ability
5. The iqoo equipped with Xiaolong 85 and Nubia z20 equipped with Xiaolong 855plus are compared. According to the running points, the actual performance of Xiaolong 855 + is more than that of Xiaolong 855 in both single core and multi-core performance. The actual performance of 855 + is still better than that of 855
fifth place: Xiaolong 855
1 CPU: the memory delay is higher than that of the Kirin 980, but the overall performance of the CPU is still slightly higher than that of the Kirin 980. The performance of specint2006 is 51% higher than that of the 845, and the CPU energy efficiency ratio is 39% higher than that of the 845. In specfp2006, it is 61% higher than that of the 845, and it is 4% and 9% higher than that of the Kirin 980. Although the highest core reaches 2.85ghz, the energy efficiency is still excellent
2. AI: after the blessing of hexagon 690, compared with 845, AI performance has been greatly improved, which is about 2.5-3 times that of 845
3 and application: it is not awesome in terms of system application performance, stronger than 845, but weaker than 980, official expression may be the relationship of scheling on the engineering machine, and the official commercial equipment will be improved. GPU: the peak performance of Adreno 640 GPU is still far behind A12, but the energy efficiency ratio is good. The average power consumption of off screen rendering of gfxbench3.1 is 4.44w. In terms of energy efficiency, the peak state of A12 is 17.36fps/w, the down frequency state is 20.18fps/w, 855 is 16.05fps/w, 845 is 11.99fps/w, 980 is 11.93fps/w, and the overall energy efficiency ratio is 30% higher than 845<
sixth place: snapdragon 845
1. Snapdragon 845 still adopts eight cores of 10nm process, which is the most advanced technology in the market. Compared with snapdragon 835, it has made improvements in both large and small cores. The four cores are A75 architecture and the four small cores are A55 architecture
2. At the same time, snapdragon 845 introces a new security processing unit SPU, while GPU adopts Adreno 630, which improves the overall efficiency by 25% - 30% compared with Adreno 540 of snapdragon 835
3. Snapdragon 845 is equipped with 5g frequency regulator; In terms of overall performance, 845 is 20% - 25% better than 835
4. Snapdragon 845 supports Gigabit LTE connection through X20 LTE modem, and supports 2x2 al channel Wi Fi and 4x4 MIMO technology, providing more stable and faster network connection for players<
seventh place: snapdragon 730g
1. The multi-core performance of snapdragon 730g processor is not as good as that of snapdragon 845 processor, and the single core performance is better than that of snapdragon 845 processor. Each processor has its own victory or defeat
2. Snapdragon 730g has built-in CPU with kryo470 architecture, which is built by instry-leading 8nm process technology
3. Snapdragon 730g integrates frequency enhanced adreno618gpu, which makes its graphics processing performance 25% higher than snapdragon 710 and graphics rendering speed 15% higher than snapdragon 730. The g of snapdragon 730g refers to game
4. The snapdragon 730g also supports some of the snapdragon elitegaming functions, which can bring more amazing game screen effects
5. Snapdragon 730g also supports qcommaqstic audio technology, which can bring clear and smooth surround sound<
eighth place: snapdragon 730 AIE
1. 730 has surpassed 835 as a whole. If the price control is in place, it will be a god u, which can replace 835 in all aspects. 730 Angou has exceeded 835
2. Snapdragon 730 chip is made by 8nm process. According to Angou's running score test, Lenovo Z6's running score is as high as 200000, And Master Lu's running score is 250000
3. Xiaolong 730g is equipped with the enhanced version of Adreno 618 GPU (supporting Vulkan version 1.1), and its performance is 15% higher than the ordinary version of Xiaolong 730
4. With the support of the new A76 architecture, the CPU performance of snapdragon 730g has caught up with that of snapdragon 845 with only two A76 cores, and the daily application experience is very smooth
5. The CPU frequency of snapdragon 730g is 2.4GHz, and the GPU frequency is 825mhz; The main CPU frequency of snapdragon 730 is 2.2GHz, and the main CPU frequency is 700MHz. This means that the CPU and GPU frequency of snapdragon 730g is higher than that of snapdragon 730<
No.9: snapdragon 765G
1. Compared with the previous generation snapdragon 730 processor, the main frequency of snapdragon 765G is increased to 2.4GHz, adopting the architecture of 1 * kryo 475 prime (2.3 / 2.4GHz) + 1 * kryo 475 gold (2.2GHz) + 6 * kryo 475 silver (1.8GHz)
2. The processor adopts the 7Nm EUV process manufactured by Samsung, which reces the power consumption by 35% compared with the 8nm snapdragon 730. The GPU is upgraded to the Adreno 620
3. Snapdragon 765G supports up to 192mp pixels, single shot 3600W pixels and zero delay shooting, which is equivalent to the previous generation's level. It supports Bluetooth 5.0, WiFi 6 and 120Hz refresh rates, and AI 5.5tops
4. The most important feature of snapdragon 765G is that it integrates snapdragon x525g baseband and and supports SA / NSA al-mode networking. Its theoretical maximum peak download rate is as high as 3.7 Gbps and upload rate is 1.6 Gbps. At the same time, it also supports 5g millimeter wave, band below 6GHz, global 5g roaming, WiFi 6 and other features<
No.10: snapdragon 765
1. Snapdragon 765 adopts kryo 475 CPU, with a maximum dominant frequency of 2.3ghz; The Adreno 620 GPU is 20% faster than the previous generation< 2. The fifth generation AI engine adopts hexagon 696 tensor processor; Spectrum 355 ISP supports up to 192 megapixel camera, 480fps 720p slow motion video capture and 4K HDR video capture capability
3. Built in X52 modem, it supports millimeter wave, TDD and FDD band below 6GHz, and can achieve 3.7 Gbps download peak and 1.6 Gbps upload peak.
1. Process: it is equipped with the latest generation of 5nm manufacturing process to bring the strongest processor performance to users. The 5nm manufacturing process brings the most top technology, cost and functional performance requirements
2. Core: the three cluster architecture of super core + big core + small core is used, in which the super core is cortex x1, the big core is cortex A78, and the small core is cortex A55
3. Experience: Super core cortex-x1 has 1MB L2 cache, while A78 has 256Kb L2 cache, which can give you better performance experience,
brings the strongest architecture for users at present, with A78 20% higher in performance and machine learning 100% higher in performance
4. Optimization: for game optimization, provide users with variable coloring rate, It can improve the performance by 30%
5. Other aspects: for other aspects of the game, 144hz high refresh rate / high frame rate, true 10 bit HDR, surreal enhanced image quality, fast mixing,
GPU driver update, Xbox cloud / Google stadia / Amazon Luna cloud game, etc<
second place: snapdragon 870
1. Process: 1 * 3.19ghz + 3 * 2.42ghz + 4 * 1.8GHz eight core configuration,
2. Architecture: one large core and three medium cores adopt a77 architecture, and four small cores adopt a550 +
3. Other aspects: the GPU of snapdragon 870 is the frequency upgraded adreno650, and the baseband is still x55 modem< GPU: the performance of the new generation kryo 585 CPU is improved by 25%, and the overall performance of the new Adreno 650 GPU is also improved by 25% compared with the previous generation platform
5. Experience: it brings 7Nm proction technology, which brings the best mobile phone performance experience for users
6. Pixel: 1 billion pixel high-speed ISP, processing speed up to 2 billion pixels per second, supporting new shooting features and functions
7. Video: users can take 4K HDR video with 1 billion colors, 8K video or capture photos up to 200 million pixels<
third place: snapdragon 865
1. CPU: new kryo 585 architecture, up to 2.84ghz
2. GPU: with Adreno 650, the performance is 25% higher than that of snapdragon 855
3. With snapdragon x55 5g baseband, it can support up to 7.5gbps download speed and WiFi 6 protocol
4. It adopts the fifth generation AI engine and supports the computing power of 15 tops
5. It supports lpddr5 memory, 144hz screen refresh rate, 200 megapixel camera, 8K 30 frame video recording and 960 frame slow motion shooting
6. The main frequency of CPU is consistent with snapdragon 855. The new cortex-a77 architecture should have about 20% performance improvement according to the official data of arm
7. GPU is 25% higher than snapdragon 855, and the overall performance is 20% higher. Lpddr5 memory is also a bonus
fourth place: snapdragon 855 +
1. Both snapdragon 855 and snapdragon 855 + CPU adopt the same architecture kyro485. The difference is that their large core frequency is different. The large core frequency of 855 + is 2.96ghz higher than that of 855< In terms of GPU, 855 and 855 + are both adreno640, but their frequencies are also different. The frequency of 855 + is 672mhz, while that of 855 + is only 585mhz. The graphics ability of 855 + is 15% higher than that of 855
3. The same 7Nm process, both of them adopt the 1 + 3 + 4 8-core design. Except for the different frequencies of the large cores, the frequencies of the other 7 small cores remain unchanged< So in theory, snapdragon 855 + has stronger mononuclear ability
5. The iqoo equipped with Xiaolong 85 and Nubia z20 equipped with Xiaolong 855plus are compared. According to the running points, the actual performance of Xiaolong 855 + is more than that of Xiaolong 855 in both single core and multi-core performance. The actual performance of 855 + is still better than that of 855
fifth place: Xiaolong 855
1 CPU: the memory delay is higher than that of the Kirin 980, but the overall performance of the CPU is still slightly higher than that of the Kirin 980. The performance of specint2006 is 51% higher than that of the 845, and the CPU energy efficiency ratio is 39% higher than that of the 845. In specfp2006, it is 61% higher than that of the 845, and it is 4% and 9% higher than that of the Kirin 980. Although the highest core reaches 2.85ghz, the energy efficiency is still excellent
2. AI: after the blessing of hexagon 690, compared with 845, AI performance has been greatly improved, which is about 2.5-3 times that of 845
3 and application: it is not awesome in terms of system application performance, stronger than 845, but weaker than 980, official expression may be the relationship of scheling on the engineering machine, and the official commercial equipment will be improved. GPU: the peak performance of Adreno 640 GPU is still far behind A12, but the energy efficiency ratio is good. The average power consumption of off screen rendering of gfxbench3.1 is 4.44w. In terms of energy efficiency, the peak state of A12 is 17.36fps/w, the down frequency state is 20.18fps/w, 855 is 16.05fps/w, 845 is 11.99fps/w, 980 is 11.93fps/w, and the overall energy efficiency ratio is 30% higher than 845<
sixth place: snapdragon 845
1. Snapdragon 845 still adopts eight cores of 10nm process, which is the most advanced technology in the market. Compared with snapdragon 835, it has made improvements in both large and small cores. The four cores are A75 architecture and the four small cores are A55 architecture
2. At the same time, snapdragon 845 introces a new security processing unit SPU, while GPU adopts Adreno 630, which improves the overall efficiency by 25% - 30% compared with Adreno 540 of snapdragon 835
3. Snapdragon 845 is equipped with 5g frequency regulator; In terms of overall performance, 845 is 20% - 25% better than 835
4. Snapdragon 845 supports Gigabit LTE connection through X20 LTE modem, and supports 2x2 al channel Wi Fi and 4x4 MIMO technology, providing more stable and faster network connection for players<
seventh place: snapdragon 730g
1. The multi-core performance of snapdragon 730g processor is not as good as that of snapdragon 845 processor, and the single core performance is better than that of snapdragon 845 processor. Each processor has its own victory or defeat
2. Snapdragon 730g has built-in CPU with kryo470 architecture, which is built by instry-leading 8nm process technology
3. Snapdragon 730g integrates frequency enhanced adreno618gpu, which makes its graphics processing performance 25% higher than snapdragon 710 and graphics rendering speed 15% higher than snapdragon 730. The g of snapdragon 730g refers to game
4. The snapdragon 730g also supports some of the snapdragon elitegaming functions, which can bring more amazing game screen effects
5. Snapdragon 730g also supports qcommaqstic audio technology, which can bring clear and smooth surround sound<
eighth place: snapdragon 730 AIE
1. 730 has surpassed 835 as a whole. If the price control is in place, it will be a god u, which can replace 835 in all aspects. 730 Angou has exceeded 835
2. Snapdragon 730 chip is made by 8nm process. According to Angou's running score test, Lenovo Z6's running score is as high as 200000, And Master Lu's running score is 250000
3. Xiaolong 730g is equipped with the enhanced version of Adreno 618 GPU (supporting Vulkan version 1.1), and its performance is 15% higher than the ordinary version of Xiaolong 730
4. With the support of the new A76 architecture, the CPU performance of snapdragon 730g has caught up with that of snapdragon 845 with only two A76 cores, and the daily application experience is very smooth
5. The CPU frequency of snapdragon 730g is 2.4GHz, and the GPU frequency is 825mhz; The main CPU frequency of snapdragon 730 is 2.2GHz, and the main CPU frequency is 700MHz. This means that the CPU and GPU frequency of snapdragon 730g is higher than that of snapdragon 730<
No.9: snapdragon 765G
1. Compared with the previous generation snapdragon 730 processor, the main frequency of snapdragon 765G is increased to 2.4GHz, adopting the architecture of 1 * kryo 475 prime (2.3 / 2.4GHz) + 1 * kryo 475 gold (2.2GHz) + 6 * kryo 475 silver (1.8GHz)
2. The processor adopts the 7Nm EUV process manufactured by Samsung, which reces the power consumption by 35% compared with the 8nm snapdragon 730. The GPU is upgraded to the Adreno 620
3. Snapdragon 765G supports up to 192mp pixels, single shot 3600W pixels and zero delay shooting, which is equivalent to the previous generation's level. It supports Bluetooth 5.0, WiFi 6 and 120Hz refresh rates, and AI 5.5tops
4. The most important feature of snapdragon 765G is that it integrates snapdragon x525g baseband and and supports SA / NSA al-mode networking. Its theoretical maximum peak download rate is as high as 3.7 Gbps and upload rate is 1.6 Gbps. At the same time, it also supports 5g millimeter wave, band below 6GHz, global 5g roaming, WiFi 6 and other features<
No.10: snapdragon 765
1. Snapdragon 765 adopts kryo 475 CPU, with a maximum dominant frequency of 2.3ghz; The Adreno 620 GPU is 20% faster than the previous generation< 2. The fifth generation AI engine adopts hexagon 696 tensor processor; Spectrum 355 ISP supports up to 192 megapixel camera, 480fps 720p slow motion video capture and 4K HDR video capture capability
3. Built in X52 modem, it supports millimeter wave, TDD and FDD band below 6GHz, and can achieve 3.7 Gbps download peak and 1.6 Gbps upload peak.
5. There are four: Guangzhou University City Health Instry Science and technology park. Guangzhou Biotechnology Park, 68 Lifu Road, Haizhu District. Guangzhou International Biological Island was formerly known as "Guanzhou island". Sun Yat sen University Health Instrial Park is the Sun Yat sen University Park of Huanghuagang science and Technology Park in Yuexiu Guangzhou high tech Zone. There is also Liwan Guangzhou International Medical port, a piece of open space.
6. Hello, the reason why any trading variety is rising is that some traders are willing to buy at a higher price than the current price, and the number of purchases is larger than the sales volume at the current price, so the price will continue to rise.
7.
8. The time value of money, FV = PV (1 + R) ^ n,
PV is the present value
FV is the future value
n is the number of years
R is the discount rate
according to an example, suppose that the discount rate R is equal to 10%, now 100 yuan is equal to 100 (1 + 10) ^ 2 = 121 yuan two years later, We must add the value of time to calculate and understand. This is the way of thinking of people who study economics
PV is the present value
FV is the future value
n is the number of years
R is the discount rate
according to an example, suppose that the discount rate R is equal to 10%, now 100 yuan is equal to 100 (1 + 10) ^ 2 = 121 yuan two years later, We must add the value of time to calculate and understand. This is the way of thinking of people who study economics
9. This can be understood according to the theory of purchasing power parity. That is to say, the value of a thing in place a is the same as that in place B. the price of note in place a is 87.5, while that in place B is 100. This leads to the inconsistency in the pricing of the two currencies, one 87.5 and one 100. But in fact, there are many commodities, and the commodities in each region are not necessarily the same, and the supply and demand are not necessarily the same (but if there are no restrictions on the import and export of commodities, excluding the freight, premium, tariff and so on between the two places, they will tend to be consistent), so the corresponding weighting processing (such as by the number of commodities or other reasonable statistical indicators) has to be carried out, The final result is a difference in exchange rate. This is generally calculated by the relevant government departments, and the central bank will release these data
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