Programmer caught doing virtual currency
it is difficult for the public security organs to collect and collect evidence, and it is also difficult to carry out arrest operations, because most of the information of the Chuangshi operation team of the virtual currency scam is not public, and there is no way to collect evidence. Maybe the mastermind will become a victim after being arrested
with the popularity of virtual currency, disputes related to it appear frequently. Recently, the people's Court of Futian District in Shenzhen tried a dispute caused by investment in virtual currency. The court reminded that the investment transaction of virtual currency is not protected by law, and investors should keep sober and rational<
extended information:
after reviewing criminal cases or civil disputes, judicial organs decide to list them as litigation cases for investigation or trial, which is the beginning stage of litigation activities. Generally, it includes criminal cases, administrative cases and civil cases< According to the criminal procere law of the people's Republic of China, there are two conditions for filing a case:
1
2. The fact of the crime should be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law. If there are criminal facts, but the law stipulates that criminal responsibility should not be investigated, the case shall not be filed
under any of the following circumstances, no criminal responsibility shall be investigated and no case shall be filed; If the case has been investigated, the case shall be annulled, or no prosecution shall be instituted, or acquitted< (1) if the circumstances are obviously minor and the harm is not great, it is not considered a crime< (2) the time limit for prosecution has expired< (3) those who are exempted from punishment by special amnesty order< (4) in the case of a crime in which a complaint is made according to the criminal law, the complaint is not made or withdrawn< (5) the defendant has died< (6) other laws and regulations provide for exemption from criminal responsibility
source: Sogou - virtual currency
1. The price fluctuates violently and the consumer protection is lacking:
virtual currency is the proct of network, and the digital information flowing in the network is beyond the control of all people. The code of cyberspace is the basis of the operation of virtual currency, investors can only operate through the front-end interface, seemingly "control" the virtual currency. The operator of the virtual currency service organization may become the actual controller of the virtual currency through the control code<
2. Avoiding supervision and becoming the "accomplice" of criminal activities
virtual currency transaction is not protected by law:
virtual currency transaction is not illegal, and it is not illegal to invest in virtual currency. But how to get involved in virtual currency transactions is illegal and illegal. It may be suspected of illegal fund-raising.
According to the news on February 10, 2018, on September 4, 2017, seven ministries and commissions of the people's Republic of China issued the notice on preventing the financing risk of token issuance, which regulates the issuance of tokens. In the notice, the nature of all kinds of tokens and "virtual currency" is clearly defined: it is not issued by the monetary authority, and it has no monetary attributes such as legal compensation and mandatory, It does not have the same legal status as currency and cannot and should not be used as currency in the market. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that all kinds of "virtual currency" still have a certain property value and are part of the property of the holder. So, how to identify the nature of the theft of such tokens
In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of "virtual token" holders, the author intends to discuss such issues through a relevant news report and relevant casesstealing bitcoin
recently, a news report said that Haidian police in Beijing cracked a case of destroying computer information system. The suspect Zhong used his administrator's authority to modify the company's computer applications and steal 100 bitcoins. Before he could sell the stolen money, Zhong was arrested by the police. At present, Zhong was detained for the crime of destroying computer information system
it can be seen from the report that the police detained the perpetrator for stealing bitcoin on suspicion of damaging the computer information system. The crime of destroying the computer information system stipulated in Article 286 of the criminal law of our country refers to the act of deleting, modifying, adding or interfering with the functions of the computer information system in violation of the provisions of the state, resulting in the abnormal operation of the computer information system and serious consequences, or deleting, modifying or interfering with the data and application programs stored, processed or transmitted in the computer information system Modifying or adding operations with serious consequences, or deliberately making or spreading destructive programs such as computer viruses, which affect the normal operation of the computer system with serious consequences
In the author's opinion, this crime is one of the crimes of impairing social management order in Chapter 6 of the criminal law, that is, the legal interest protected by this crime is actually the public order of our society, not the property interests of the digital currency holders, which in fact denies the property value of digital currency, It is only protected as a data or system function in a computer system. The author thinks that there is some irrationality in this wayfirst of all, in the notice on the prevention of bitcoin risk issued in 2013, it is mentioned that bitcoin is not a real currency because it is not issued by the monetary authority and does not have such monetary attributes as legal compensation and compulsion. Bitcoin has four main characteristics: no centralized issuers, limited amount, no geographical restrictions and anonymity. Because it belongs to a specific virtual commodity in nature The notice also clearly mentioned that bitcoin does not have the same legal status as currency and should not be used as currency in the market. However, as a virtual commodity, the property value behind bitcoin cannot be ignored
Secondly, Article 127 of the general provisions of the civil law, which came into effect on October 1 last year, stipulates that if the law has provisions on the protection of data and network virtual property, such provisions shall prevail. Although only the protection of the network virtual property has made the principle provisions, but it can not be denied that this shows our country's attitude towards the protection of the network virtual property. Although there is no special law for the protection of data and network virtual property in China, from the perspective of the general provisions of civil law, it is predicted that there will be relevant legislation in the futurefinally, from the relevant cases, we can also see the recognition of the property attribute of virtual currency such as bitcoin in China's judicial practice. In April and may 2013, Liu premeditated to set up a bitcoin trading platform, so he recruited Jin and Huang (both sentenced) to jointly set up a "bitcoin" trading platform. During this period, Liu, Huang, Jin, Jin and the defendant he, in addition to other acts of directly stealing customers' funds, also frequently cashed RMB by selling customers' bitcoins, and transferred 120 bitcoins from the website. Finally, the court convicted and punished the defendant for fraud, and the bitcoin transferred by the defendant was also included in the property loss of the victim. Therefore, from the judicial cases, we can also get the recognition of the property attributes of virtual currency such as bitcoin
based on the above reasons, the author thinks that it may be unreasonable to regulate the theft of virtual currency only as the crime of damaging computer information system. We should face up to the hidden property value and consider the application of the crime of infringing property in China's criminal law. Only in this way can we effectively protect the legitimate rights and property of digital currency holders in China
copper ore
required skills: 1
quantitative probability of mineral processing results
copper slag 1 100.0%
Malachite 1 50.0%
Huyan 1 50.0%
shadowstone 1 10.0%
required skills: 50
quantitative probability of mineral processing results
Tin slag 1 100.0%
Green Agate 1-2 35.0%
secondary Moonstone 1-2 35.0%
shadowstone 1-2 35.0%
Topaz 13.5%
jadeite 13.5%
cyanite 13.5%
iron ore
required skills: 125
number of mineral processing results Probability
iron slag 1 100.0%
Topaz 1-2 30.0%
jadeite 1-2 30.0%
secondary Moonstone 1-2 30.0%
cyanite 1 5.0%
Ruby 1 5.0%
mitag ore
required skills: 175
quantitative probability of mineral processing results
mitag slag 1 100.0%
Turquoise 1-2 30.0%
Ruby 1-2 30.0%
Topaz 1-2 30.0%
giant emerald 13.0%
sapphire 13.0%
big cat's eye 13.0%
Azeroth diamond 13.0%
silver ore
skills required: 250
/>Quantitative probability of mineral processing results
silver slag 1 100.0%
Ruby 1-2 30.0%
giant emerald 1-2 15.0%
sapphire 1-2 15.0%
big cat's eye 1-2 15.0%
Azeroth diamond 1-2 15.0%
gold delanite 12.0%
abyssal olivine Olivine 12.0%
flame clinopyroxene 12.0%
shadow Delaunay 12.0%
Blue Moonstone 12.0%
Blood Garnet 12.0%
Magic iron ore
required skills: 275
quantity probability of mineral processing results
Magic iron slag 1 100.0%
huangjinde Lenite 1-215.0%
abyssal olivine 1-215.0%
flame clinopyroxene 1-215.0%
shadow dryenite 1-215.0%
Blue Moonstone 1-215.0%
Blood Garnet 1-215.0%
limonite 11.0%
nighteye 11.0%
garnet Life Ruby 1 1.0%
Elune star 1 1.0%
rare Topaz 1 1 1.0%
high iron olivine 1 1.0%
hard steel ore
required skills: 325
quantitative probability of mineral processing results
hard steel slag 1 100.0%
gold delanite 1-2 20.0%
abyssal olivine 1-2 20.0%
flame clinopyroxene 1-2 20.0%
shadow draenite 1-2 20.0%
Blue Moonstone 1-2 20.0%
Blood Garnet 1-2 20.0%
limonite 12.5%
nighteye 12.5%
raw Life Ruby 12.5%
Elune star 12.5%
rare Topaz 12.5%
high iron olivine 12.5%
the law does not prohibit the sale of virtual currency, so it can.
in fact, the generation of virtual currency also needs professional development team to develop, and cannot be developed and generated by itself. The development technology of virtual currency is mature, and there is no technical difficulty, but the positioning of virtual currency is the biggest problem, and the generation of virtual currency needs a lot of hardware equipment to mine
it is not a general equivalent, but an expression of value relevance, or a symbol, or a kind of personalized currency. On the other hand, it can also be called information currency. What they have in common is that they are all symbols of uncertain value and relative value. In this case, the traditional meaning of money has been broken. Money in the original sense is only a special case of a new and broader currency. Money can be regarded not only as a general equivalent, but also as a group of symbols of relative value