FDL virtual currency
Publish: 2021-05-17 23:50:54
1. After you have installed turbo 2.0, enter the setup interface, and leave the folder path in it. Keep the last part, and don't use the rest; turboc2\ Just replace the TC. For example: the original
2. In main, the loop is executed three times, the I values are 0.12
each time I value is printed, and the return value of calling fun (a)
fun is a value transfer call, so a in the main function is always 5
that is to say, in fun (5)
fun three times, first B and C add by themselves. Return a + B + C. Where, B is a local variable, which is 1
every time it participates in the return, C is a static variable, and the first time it participates in the operation is 4, and then 1 is added every time.
so the return values of fun three times are
10 11 12
plus the printing of I, the result is
0 10 11 12
but there is no space in the printing, and the real output should be
010111212
each time I value is printed, and the return value of calling fun (a)
fun is a value transfer call, so a in the main function is always 5
that is to say, in fun (5)
fun three times, first B and C add by themselves. Return a + B + C. Where, B is a local variable, which is 1
every time it participates in the return, C is a static variable, and the first time it participates in the operation is 4, and then 1 is added every time.
so the return values of fun three times are
10 11 12
plus the printing of I, the result is
0 10 11 12
but there is no space in the printing, and the real output should be
010111212
3. Please take a look here. There is a very detailed description.
http://www..com/search/ke_ help.html
http://www..com/search/ke_ help.html
4. Economic globalization has become the most important trend of contemporary world economic development. As the two main forces to promote this trend, the global investment of transnational corporations and the transnational flow of global capital have also aroused widespread concern. People often call the former proction integration (or globalization) and the latter financial integration, especially the development of financial integration. Generally speaking, the current trend of financial integration has several obvious characteristics: first, the degree of financial market integration is deepening. Different types of financial markets in different regions and the world are interconnected and closely linked, and the "contagion" effect of financial risk increases. Second, private capital flow has become the main force of international capital flow, accounting for about 3 / 4 of the global capital flow, and a considerable part of it has gone to emerging economic regions. Third, multinational banks are showing a trend of "all-round" development, and their business tends to be comprehensive. The fourth is the surge of large-scale bank mergers. In 1999 alone, there were seven large-scale mergers of financial institutions (Wang Xuebing, 2000). At present, China is seeking to integrate into the world economy, trade and financial system through continuous reform and development. The integration of global finance brings not only opportunities but also challenges to China's financial instry. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully analyze and deal with them in advance in combination with the process of China's financial opening up< First, China's financial instry in the process of global financial integration has injected lasting vitality into China's economic development since 1978, making it the fastest growing and most potential economy in the world. From 1978 to 1999, China's real GDP growth rate reached the highest in the world. In the past 20 years, China's economic scale has increased by 6 times, while the world economy has only increased by 2.2 times in the same period. According to purchasing power parity, China's GDP in 1998 was equivalent to 30.1% of that of developing countries and 12% of that of the world. According to the exchange rate, it accounts for 3.2% of the world. Total exports of goods and services account for 17.5% of developing countries and 3.1% of the world (see Table 1). Since reform and opening up go hand in hand, the successful opening-up policy has greatly improved the degree of China's export-oriented economy, making it more and more deeply integrated into the process of world economic integration. From 1979 to 1998, the world's exports increased by 3.3 times, while China's exports increased by 13.5 times (International Monetary Fund, 1999 China's foreign economic and Trade Yearbook 1999 / 2000). In 1998, China's total exports amounted to 183.8 billion US dollars, accounting for 3.4% of the world's total exports, becoming the ninth largest exporter in the world. In 1999, China's total exports further increased to US $1949 billion, an increase of 6.1% over the previous year. Thanks to the advantage of labor cost and huge market potential, China has become the most attractive country for FDI. In 1997, China absorbed 45.26 billion US dollars of foreign direct investment, second only to the United States and second in the world. It increased to US $45.46 billion in 1998 and US $40.4 billion in 1999. In 1999, China's imports, exports and FDL accounted for 16.73%, 19.67% and 4.08% of GDP respectively (see Table 2). At the same time, China's foreign direct investment is also growing steadily. China's economy is becoming more and more internationalized
driven by trade and investment, China's financial instry has graally integrated into the world financial system. In April 1980, China resumed its membership in the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In May of the same year, China resumed its status in the world bank, and then became a member of the bank for international settlements. This indicates that China has become an important participant in the existing international financial system. However, e to the low degree of market opening, the impact of global financial integration on China was not obvious before the implementation of RMB convertibility under current account in 1996. After 1996, the influence of the international financial system on China's domestic finance and economy began to deepen. Through the continuous introction of foreign financial institutions, the opening of the B-share stock market, and more and more overseas loans and bond issuance, the domestic financial market indirectly connects itself with the international financial market. Judging from the current progress of negotiations with the parties to the WTO, China hopes to join the WTO within this year, and the opening of the financial market will also be accelerated. It is expected that by 2020, China will be able to integrate into the global trade and financial system in an all-round way. By then, China's ties with the international financial system will be more direct and closer< In the past two decades, China has graally expanded the opening-up of the banking instry in accordance with the principle of stability and order. Since the introction of the first foreign bank in 1981, the business of foreign banks in China has been in a healthy state of development. After the Asian financial crisis in 1997, China's financial opening-up has not slowed down. In March 1999, the people's Bank of China abolished the geographical restrictions on foreign banks and allowed them to set up branches in all central cities in China. In July, the scope of RMB business of foreign banks in Shanghai and Shenzhen was further expanded
the opening-up policy of China's banking instry has achieved remarkable results. Statistics show that by the end of April 1999, there were 154 branches of foreign banks, 13 local registered banks (including 7 joint-venture banks and 6 wholly-owned banks), 7 foreign financial companies and 257 representative offices of foreign banks in China, bringing together almost all the most powerful big banks in the world. These foreign banks are mainly distributed in big cities and coastal cities, of which Shanghai and Shenzhen account for 47% and 14% respectively. By the end of October 1999, the total assets of foreign banks were US $31336 million, of which the total loans were US $22249 million; The total liabilities amounted to US $28.611 billion, including US $20.669 billion (72.24%) from inter bank and its subsidiaries, US $4.997 billion (17.74%) from deposits and US $2.693 billion in capital (or working capital). Foreign banks have become an important force in China's financial market and played a positive role in promoting China's economic and financial development< (2) compared with the fast opening banking instry, China's insurance instry is more cautious. From the perspective of the establishment of foreign insurance institutions, since AIG became the first foreign insurance company to obtain the business qualification in China in 1992, foreign insurance companies generally operate at the rate of 1? The speed of two companies entering the Chinese market. By the end of 1998, a total of 12 foreign-funded insurance companies had been approved in the past seven years, but the open areas were limited to Shanghai and Guangzhou. On April 5, 1999, China approved four foreign-funded insurance companies to enter the Chinese market at one time, including Chubb insurance group of the United States, Hengkang Mutual Life Insurance Company of the United States, Prudential Insurance Company of the United Kingdom and Yongming life insurance company of Canada, with 16 foreign-funded insurance institutions in China. From the perspective of insurance business, in 1998, domestic premium income was 124.7 billion yuan, of which foreign investment accounted for 1%< (3) e to the over emphasis on the function of financing, one of the main characteristics of China's securities market is that the issuing market develops rapidly while the trading market develops slowly. Accordingly, this feature is also reflected in the opening up of the securities market. Statistics show that by the end of December 1999, 43 H-share companies in China had issued shares and listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange, one company had issued shares and listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and one company had issued shares and listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange. The above issuance raised a total of US $11.976 billion, of which the value of H stock market accounted for 1.26% of the total value of Hong Kong stock market (at the end of 1998) (Wang Xuebing, 2000). In addition, there are 49 red chip companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (Hong Kong International Financial Center Research Group, 1999). In the domestic stock market, another 108 companies issued foreign B-shares (27 of which only issued B-shares), raising a total of US $4.745 billion (Wang Xuebing, 2000). But at the same time, the development of the stock market is slow. Due to the development stage of the securities market, the level of supervision and the non convertibility of RMB under the capital account, foreign securities investors and securities intermediaries are subject to strict restrictions when entering China's securities market. Foreign securities investors can only invest foreign exchange funds in the B-share market. The unbalanced opening of the stock market will continue for a long time< Second, the impact of global financial integration on China's financial instry. In the long run, the graal expansion of financial opening-up and eventual integration into the global financial system will not only enable China to continue to obtain these benefits, but also help accelerate the reform and development of domestic financial instry and enhance international competitiveness. But at the same time, we should also see that because the integration is based on the premise of all-round and highly open, this process will inevitably make China's banking, insurance, securities and other related instries face increasingly fierce international competition in the domestic financial market, and bring direct impact on all fields of China's financial instry from business, talent, management and other aspects, It will further challenge China's macro-control and financial supervision. Therefore, for China's financial instry, global financial integration is both an opportunity and a challenge< In the long run, China's banking instry will gain a variety of benefits from its graal integration into the process of global financial integration, such as helping to rece the restrictions on China's banking instry in the international market, helping domestic banks to expand overseas business and realize transnational operation. In addition, the biggest benefits are also reflected in the system reform and innovation. On the one hand, the integration of financing and globalization means that China's banking instry will face the strong competition of international banks with sufficient capital strength, advanced management and efficient service, which will help to enhance the pressure and power of China's banking reform and development from the outside, and speed up the reform and modernization process of China's banking instry; On the other hand, it also means that China's banking instry, including the supervision mode of the central bank, must be in line with international standards, which is concive to promoting the standardization of China's banking reform. But in the short term, even in the medium and short term, this integration is not without cost. The current situation of China's banking instry is that although it has made great progress after more than ten years of reform and opening up, the ultimate goal of banking system reform and development is far from being realized. Many deep-seated institutional problems, such as low commercialization, distorted incentive mechanism, weak innovation ability, and high proportion of non-performing assets, have not been fundamentally solved. Many aspects are far behind the international advanced level. The market competition under the wide gap will inevitably bring negative effects to the state-owned banks< It can be predicted that once the existing protective measures are cancelled, the domestic banking instry will be in a very unfavorable competitive position:
first of all, it is inevitable to open the RMB business of Chinese enterprises to foreign banks. Due to the low capital cost, strong loan development ability and high loan quality of foreign banks, it is possible that a large number of high-quality customers with good efficiency and good credit will be transferred to foreign banks, while customers with poor efficiency and credit rating, as well as some policy businesses will continue to stay in domestic banks, resulting in the phenomenon of "adverse selection". This can be seen as the biggest threat to Chinese banks
secondly,
driven by trade and investment, China's financial instry has graally integrated into the world financial system. In April 1980, China resumed its membership in the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In May of the same year, China resumed its status in the world bank, and then became a member of the bank for international settlements. This indicates that China has become an important participant in the existing international financial system. However, e to the low degree of market opening, the impact of global financial integration on China was not obvious before the implementation of RMB convertibility under current account in 1996. After 1996, the influence of the international financial system on China's domestic finance and economy began to deepen. Through the continuous introction of foreign financial institutions, the opening of the B-share stock market, and more and more overseas loans and bond issuance, the domestic financial market indirectly connects itself with the international financial market. Judging from the current progress of negotiations with the parties to the WTO, China hopes to join the WTO within this year, and the opening of the financial market will also be accelerated. It is expected that by 2020, China will be able to integrate into the global trade and financial system in an all-round way. By then, China's ties with the international financial system will be more direct and closer< In the past two decades, China has graally expanded the opening-up of the banking instry in accordance with the principle of stability and order. Since the introction of the first foreign bank in 1981, the business of foreign banks in China has been in a healthy state of development. After the Asian financial crisis in 1997, China's financial opening-up has not slowed down. In March 1999, the people's Bank of China abolished the geographical restrictions on foreign banks and allowed them to set up branches in all central cities in China. In July, the scope of RMB business of foreign banks in Shanghai and Shenzhen was further expanded
the opening-up policy of China's banking instry has achieved remarkable results. Statistics show that by the end of April 1999, there were 154 branches of foreign banks, 13 local registered banks (including 7 joint-venture banks and 6 wholly-owned banks), 7 foreign financial companies and 257 representative offices of foreign banks in China, bringing together almost all the most powerful big banks in the world. These foreign banks are mainly distributed in big cities and coastal cities, of which Shanghai and Shenzhen account for 47% and 14% respectively. By the end of October 1999, the total assets of foreign banks were US $31336 million, of which the total loans were US $22249 million; The total liabilities amounted to US $28.611 billion, including US $20.669 billion (72.24%) from inter bank and its subsidiaries, US $4.997 billion (17.74%) from deposits and US $2.693 billion in capital (or working capital). Foreign banks have become an important force in China's financial market and played a positive role in promoting China's economic and financial development< (2) compared with the fast opening banking instry, China's insurance instry is more cautious. From the perspective of the establishment of foreign insurance institutions, since AIG became the first foreign insurance company to obtain the business qualification in China in 1992, foreign insurance companies generally operate at the rate of 1? The speed of two companies entering the Chinese market. By the end of 1998, a total of 12 foreign-funded insurance companies had been approved in the past seven years, but the open areas were limited to Shanghai and Guangzhou. On April 5, 1999, China approved four foreign-funded insurance companies to enter the Chinese market at one time, including Chubb insurance group of the United States, Hengkang Mutual Life Insurance Company of the United States, Prudential Insurance Company of the United Kingdom and Yongming life insurance company of Canada, with 16 foreign-funded insurance institutions in China. From the perspective of insurance business, in 1998, domestic premium income was 124.7 billion yuan, of which foreign investment accounted for 1%< (3) e to the over emphasis on the function of financing, one of the main characteristics of China's securities market is that the issuing market develops rapidly while the trading market develops slowly. Accordingly, this feature is also reflected in the opening up of the securities market. Statistics show that by the end of December 1999, 43 H-share companies in China had issued shares and listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange, one company had issued shares and listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and one company had issued shares and listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange. The above issuance raised a total of US $11.976 billion, of which the value of H stock market accounted for 1.26% of the total value of Hong Kong stock market (at the end of 1998) (Wang Xuebing, 2000). In addition, there are 49 red chip companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (Hong Kong International Financial Center Research Group, 1999). In the domestic stock market, another 108 companies issued foreign B-shares (27 of which only issued B-shares), raising a total of US $4.745 billion (Wang Xuebing, 2000). But at the same time, the development of the stock market is slow. Due to the development stage of the securities market, the level of supervision and the non convertibility of RMB under the capital account, foreign securities investors and securities intermediaries are subject to strict restrictions when entering China's securities market. Foreign securities investors can only invest foreign exchange funds in the B-share market. The unbalanced opening of the stock market will continue for a long time< Second, the impact of global financial integration on China's financial instry. In the long run, the graal expansion of financial opening-up and eventual integration into the global financial system will not only enable China to continue to obtain these benefits, but also help accelerate the reform and development of domestic financial instry and enhance international competitiveness. But at the same time, we should also see that because the integration is based on the premise of all-round and highly open, this process will inevitably make China's banking, insurance, securities and other related instries face increasingly fierce international competition in the domestic financial market, and bring direct impact on all fields of China's financial instry from business, talent, management and other aspects, It will further challenge China's macro-control and financial supervision. Therefore, for China's financial instry, global financial integration is both an opportunity and a challenge< In the long run, China's banking instry will gain a variety of benefits from its graal integration into the process of global financial integration, such as helping to rece the restrictions on China's banking instry in the international market, helping domestic banks to expand overseas business and realize transnational operation. In addition, the biggest benefits are also reflected in the system reform and innovation. On the one hand, the integration of financing and globalization means that China's banking instry will face the strong competition of international banks with sufficient capital strength, advanced management and efficient service, which will help to enhance the pressure and power of China's banking reform and development from the outside, and speed up the reform and modernization process of China's banking instry; On the other hand, it also means that China's banking instry, including the supervision mode of the central bank, must be in line with international standards, which is concive to promoting the standardization of China's banking reform. But in the short term, even in the medium and short term, this integration is not without cost. The current situation of China's banking instry is that although it has made great progress after more than ten years of reform and opening up, the ultimate goal of banking system reform and development is far from being realized. Many deep-seated institutional problems, such as low commercialization, distorted incentive mechanism, weak innovation ability, and high proportion of non-performing assets, have not been fundamentally solved. Many aspects are far behind the international advanced level. The market competition under the wide gap will inevitably bring negative effects to the state-owned banks< It can be predicted that once the existing protective measures are cancelled, the domestic banking instry will be in a very unfavorable competitive position:
first of all, it is inevitable to open the RMB business of Chinese enterprises to foreign banks. Due to the low capital cost, strong loan development ability and high loan quality of foreign banks, it is possible that a large number of high-quality customers with good efficiency and good credit will be transferred to foreign banks, while customers with poor efficiency and credit rating, as well as some policy businesses will continue to stay in domestic banks, resulting in the phenomenon of "adverse selection". This can be seen as the biggest threat to Chinese banks
secondly,
5.
bus route: No.5 tourism → no.639, the whole journey is about 31.4km
1. Walk about 150m from Dahedong customer service center to Laoshan customer service center station
2. Take No.5 tourism, pass 14 stops, and reach Dalao station
3. Walk about 90m to Dalao station
4. Take no.639, pass 7 stops, and reach beijiushui station
5. Walk about 880m, Reach beijiushui
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enter the entry name in the input box
the entry box of "enter entry" can be seen at the top of each page. Enter the entry name you want to view in the input box
for example, enter "sweet and sour ribs" and click "enter entry"< If the entry does not exist:
next, you will go to an entry creation page, where you can create the entry:
A: enter the entry content in detail:
according to your understanding, Define the entry you want to create in detail and explain it as comprehensively as possible
you can also use the function keys at the top of the edit box to bold, link and insert special symbols. The content of each entry should not exceed 20000 words
b: set up open classification:
set up reasonable open classification for the entry you created, which can facilitate the entry to be browsed by netizens
you can set up up to five open categories separated by ","
C: upload relevant pictures:
upload relevant pictures to make your entries more readable and intuitive
Please note that each entry can only upload one picture. The maximum size of the uploaded image cannot exceed 2MB
D: fill in reference materials:
when some entries refer to other books, web pages and other articles, please be sure to indicate the source; In case of intellectual property disputes, the respondent shall bear the corresponding legal liability. The maximum number of references should not exceed 1000 words
e: click the "submit" button at the bottom of the page, OK, and the entry you created will be submitted successfully
F: you can preview the created entry before submitting.
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