What does virtual currency open recharge mean

4. Find bitoffer, the simplest operation

5. The first chapter
1. Why is money the proct of the internal contradiction of commodity economy
1) the contradiction between private labor and social labor: the private nature of labor determines that the procts belong to private ownership, but the procts are not or mainly for the consumption of procers themselves, but for other members of society. Therefore, private procts must be included in the total social procts for distribution
2) the successful transformation of private labor into social labor can only be realized through commodity exchange
3) value can not express itself, only in the exchange of two kinds of commodities, it can be expressed through another kind of commodity. In this way, the value in commodity exchange must require the expression of value, and there must be the expression form of commodity value, which is called value form

3. What are the characteristics of the typical gold standard? What role did it play in the development of capitalism in history
1. It can melt freely and cast freely to keep stable circulation
2. Coins and bank notes can be exchanged with gold coins and circulated according to nominal value
3. Gold coins can be exported into the country freely
function: the gold standard is a relatively stable monetary system, which makes the domestic value of currency consistent with the international value. The foreign exchange market is relatively stable and will not cause currency devaluation, which has greatly promoted the development of capitalist economy and the expansion of international trade
4. The characteristics of the paper currency standard system:
1. The paper currency issued by the government or the central bank is the standard currency
2. It is compulsorily circulated by the national law and has unlimited legal compensation capacity
3. The relationship with gold graally weakened and finally cancelled
4. Money is injected into circulation through banks
5. Non cash circulation constitutes the main part of money circulation
5
firstly, commodities have the commonness of commodities, that is, they have two attributes of commodities value and use value
secondly, money is not an ordinary commodity, but a special commodity
finally, money reflects certain social relations of proction in the process of acting as a general equivalent

6. What are the functions of currency
(1) value scale 2) Circulation means 3) Storage means 4) Means of payment 5) World currency

7. What are the characteristics of the typical gold standard? What role did it play in the development of capitalism in history
1. It can melt freely and cast freely to keep stable circulation
2. Coins and bank notes can be exchanged with gold coins and circulated according to nominal value
3. Gold coins can be exported into the country freely
function: the gold standard is a relatively stable monetary system, which makes the domestic value of currency consistent with the international value. The foreign exchange market is relatively stable and will not cause currency devaluation, which has greatly promoted the development of capitalist economy and the expansion of international trade

8. What is the paper currency standard system? What are the characteristics? How to understand the current "one country, four currencies" system in China
paper currency standard system: definition: paper currency is a currency symbol that is issued and circulated by the state and cannot be exchanged for gold and silver. Paper money is valuable because of its circulation. It can not be withdrawn from circulation, cashed, or circulated beyond national boundaries. The paper currency standard system is a monetary system with paper currency as the standard currency
features: 1) the paper currency issued by the government or the central bank is the base currency
2) it is compulsorily circulated by the national law and has unlimited legal compensation capacity
3) the relationship with gold graally weakened and finally cancelled
4) money is injected into circulation through banks
5) non cash circulation constitutes the main part of money circulation< In 1997 and 1999, after the return of Hong Kong and Macao to the people's Republic of China, they continued to maintain the original monetary and financial system, while Taiwan used Taiwan dollars, resulting in the unique historical phenomenon of "one country, four currencies" of RMB, Hong Kong dollars, Australian dollars and Taiwan dollars
2) RMB was issued by the people's Bank of China on December 1, 1948, marking the beginning of the monetary system of the people's Republic of China. RMB is in the form of cash and deposit currency. It has never specified the amount of gold. It is not formally linked with any foreign currency and does not comply with any foreign currency system. Except RMB, all foreign currencies, gold and silver are prohibited to circulate in the mainland of China. The main currency of RMB is yuan, "Yuan" is the legal unit of valuation and settlement in China's economic life, which has unlimited legal compensation ability. There are two kinds of monetary units of RMB subsidiary currency, namely "Jiao" and "Fen". The Fen Jiao yuan is in the decimal system and is under the unified management of the people's Bank of China authorized by the state<

Chapter 2
1. What is credit? What stages has the development of credit gone through
credit is the proct of the development of commodity monetary economy to a certain stage< The characteristics of loan capital are as follows: firstly, loan capital is the capital as a commodity< Second, loan capital is ownership capital< Thirdly, loan capital has a special form of movement
fourthly, loan capital is the most fetishistic
3. The difference between commercial promissory note and commercial bill
V bill is an order for payment, while promissory note is a promise for payment
V bill involves three parties, namely, the drawer, the payee and the payer. The drawer is not responsible for payment, while the promissory note has only two parties, namely, the drawer and the payee, The main person in charge is the drawer who bears the payment responsibility
V there is an acceptance system for bills of exchange, and the holder should accept the bill to the drawee according to the acceptance period of the bill. This bill has an acceptance system
4. What is a credit tool? What are the characteristics of credit instruments?
credit instruments, also known as financial instruments, are issued and circulated in written form to guarantee the rights of creditors or investors. It is the carrier of funds or capital, with which funds or capital can be transferred from suppliers to demanders. Credit instrument is an important financial asset and an important trading partner in the financial market
credit instruments have the following common characteristics:
first, return. That is to say, the creditor or investor can recover the amount of the creditor's right according to the time recorded in the credit certificate
Second, liquidity. Liquidity refers to the ability of credit instruments to become money quickly without loss
thirdly, profitability. That is to say, credit instruments can bring benefits to holders regularly or irregularly
Fourth, risk. Risk refers to the possibility of the loss of the value of financial assets caused by some uncertain factors
5. The meaning and characteristics of preferred stock and common stock
preferred stock is a kind of stock in which shareholders have the right to dividend and claim assets prior to common stock. The dividend yield of such shares is generally determined in advance. But in general, preferred shareholders can not participate in the company's operation and management, nor do they have stock options like common shareholders, especially can't share the high profits of the company. At the same time, e to the fixed dividend, it is very disadvantageous to the preferred stock holders under the condition of inflation
common stock is the most common and main form of stock. Common shareholders, whose dividends vary with the company's profits
6. Why is the interest rate of usury credit particularly high< There are two reasons for the high interest rate of usury: first, most of the borrowers' loans are not used for additional capital and profit, but for general and necessary means of purchase and payment. If it is used for additional capital, the borrower is not willing to borrow, considering that the high interest will make him unprofitable. Second, in the case of the dominant natural economy and the underdeveloped commodity currency economy, it is not easy for people to obtain money, and people have a great demand for money, which creates conditions for the formation of usury< Why does bank credit replace commercial credit and become the main form of modern credit< The subject of bank credit is different from commercial credit. The debtors of bank credit are manufacturers, governments, families and other institutions, while the creditors are banks and various financial institutions. This overcomes the limitation of commercial credit
2. The object of bank credit is a single form of monetary capital. This feature enables bank credit to overcome the limitations of commercial credit. On the one hand, bank credit can effectively gather all kinds of hot money in the society, which can gather temporarily idle monetary capital free from the process of enterprise reproction. On the other hand, bank credit is provided in a single form of monetary capital, which can provide bank credit to any enterprise, any institution or indivial without the restriction of commodity circulation direction, So as to overcome the limitations of commercial credit in the direction of providing
3. The dynamics of bank credit and instrial capital are not completely consistent. Bank credit is an independent movement of loan capital, which may be inconsistent with the dynamics of instrial capital< 1) credit and proction; 1) credit promotes the average of profits; 2) the existence of credit can save circulation costs; 3) credit promotes the rapid development of the joint-stock system and expands the scale of proction; 2) credit and consumption; 1) regulating consumption; 2) postponing consumption; 3) credit and economic regulation, Due to the development of credit, there are many kinds of banks and credit institutions. On the other hand, e to the development of credit, there are a variety of credit tools
to use credit to regulate economy, all countries focus on aggregate supply and demand. It is mainly to control the scale of proction and the total amount and structure of procts by tightening credit or loosening monetary policy, so as to regulate the supply of goods and services in the market< 4) credit and crisis

Chapter 3
1; According to the theory of loanable funds interest rate, the interest rate is not simply determined by investment and savings or money supply and money demand, but by the supply and demand of loanable funds. The supply of loanable funds comes not only from the central bank, but also from people's savings and money hoard, as well as the credit creation of commercial banks. The demand for loanable funds comes from investment and people's money hoard. If we consider that investment and hoard are decreasing functions of interest rate, credit creation of savings and commercial banks and people's anti hoard are increasing functions of interest rate< 2. The moderating effect of interest rate on economic activities 1 The impact of interest rate changes on capital supply and demand
& 2 The impact of interest rate changes on the scale and structure of credit
& nbsp 3 How to understand the current interest rate marketization reform in China; A country's interest rate system is the sum of a country's interest rate management system, including the interest rate policy, the interest rate determination mechanism and the relevant provisions on the range of interest rate changes
the process of interest rate marketization can be divided into three stages: the first stage aims to raise the interest rate to a level close to the equilibrium state of the market and maintain the economic and financial stability

6. Hello ~ ~ register Taobao account, open online banking, real name authentication, and then buy the software to open a shop to do virtual
if you have anything you don't understand, please ask me. I can teach you. I have taught more than 100 apprentices, hee hee.

7. Now it's not so easy to do this. Now the bank card ATM can charge.

8.

The first conclusion is that ripple is not a currency, but a payment network; XRP currency used in the network is a kind of currency. Compared with bitcoin, the former is a payment system, while the latter is money, which is not the same kind of things, so there is no substitutability

bitcoin has been fried rotten, and Zhihu's answer is close to saturation, so we don't have to repeat our work. Let's focus on ripple

what is ripple

ripple is an open payment network. Just like ripple, the word ripple emphasizes the flow and transmission of funds

in life, acquaintances borrow money from each other and may not write IOU. Sometimes, several friends borrow money from each other, generate multi angle debts, and may adjust the relationship of debts and creditor's rights according to the alienation of relatives. For example, a owes B 5 yuan, B owes C 5 yuan, and a and C are familiar with each other. Once three people discuss, they may directly ask a to repay C. In fact, not only between acquaintances, many small shops and small companies will allow acquaintances to write off on credit

that is to say, everyone is more willing to have debt relationship with the people they trust or are familiar with, and through the trust network between people, funds can flow smoothly

the above is the money network between people in the real world. If all this happens in the Internet world, it is the money flow system that ripple is trying to achieve

But in this network, the relationship between you and your trusted acquaintances is transformed into the relationship between you and your trusted gateway. As the name suggests, a gateway is a "gateway" between one network and another, that is, a network gateway. To go from one room to another, you have to go through a door. Similarly, to send information from one network to another, you have to go through a "gateway", which is the gateway. As the interface between network and network, network and the real world, gateway is like a bank counter, which converts your currency into a series of numbers in your account

what happens in ripple is the same as reality. When you change 100 RMB into FCY issued by gateway a through gateway a, you can transfer the amount of 100fcy to a stranger, such as Xiao Ming, Xiaoming can exchange the money into real-world RMB through gateway a. In the whole process, the relationship between creditor's rights and debt changes as follows:

1. You deposit 100 RMB into gateway a, and gateway a owes you 100 RMB and gives you a 100fcy IOU

2. You pass the IOU of 100fcy to Xiaoming through gateway A. at this time, gateway a no longer owes you money, but owes Xiaoming RMB 100, because the IOU is in Xiaoming's hands

3. Xiao Ming takes the IOU to ask gateway a to cash 100 RMB

in the whole process, you and Xiao Ming only establish a trust relationship with gateway a, but you and Xiao Ming do not need to establish a trust relationship

what is an XRP coin? Its main function is to pay transaction costs

XRP is a kind of cryptocurrency embedded in ripple system. Unlike bitcoin, ripple issued 100 billion XRP coins at the beginning of its establishment, and the total amount is no longer increasing, that is to say, it has g up the mine ahead of time. Each transaction (for example, you transfer 100fcy to Xiaoming) requires a small amount of XRP currency, which is technically destroyed directly. At the same time, XRP coins are also used as margin. When you open a ripple account, you need to put 50 XRP coins in it as a guarantee

Opencoin, ripple's distribution and maintenance company, said that the initial 100 billion XRP coins, 20 billion will be given to investors and founders, 50 billion will be distributed free of charge (that is, opening an account for free within a period of time), and the other 30 billion will be held by opencoin, which will be sold from time to time to make profits. Opencoin also admits that holding and selling XRP coins is the only way to make a profit

At the beginning of the birth of ripple, rumors abound. Many people claim that ripple is more in line with the operation mode of money flow in reality and will replace bitcoin in the future

But in fact, it is too early to judge whether ripple system can succeed. As soon as ripple started to operate, many problems have been exposed, including that its security is not as good as the official propaganda

At the beginning, ripple itself is just a new currency circulation system or payment network, and the essence of XRP currency is the lubricant to assist the currency circulation in the system. If this system is successful one day, it will only have a positive impact on the circulation of bitcoin. To say that "Ripple can replace bitcoin" is actually equivalent to saying that "Alipay can replace the renminbi" is wrong: the former is the payment system, the latter is the currency, not the same thing, so there is no replaceability. The emergence of Alipay has facilitated the payment and flow of RMB. Similarly, if the Ripple system is successful, its role is only to facilitate the payment and circulation of legal tender and bitcoin. p>

9. Hello, I'll teach you

10. Recharge code is a recharge certificate, which can prove that it is your recharge. Take Alipay as an example,
Alipay provides a way to recharge the code.
recharge code recharge process:
first step: go to Alipay cooperation network to purchase recharge code. The mobile phone number is required, and the recharge amount is an integral multiple of 50 yuan
second step: login Alipay account - recharge - select network recharge; Go and buy a recharge code. The mobile phone number is required, and the recharge amount is an integral multiple of 50 yuan; Login Alipay account - recharge - select network recharge;
Step 3: select recharge with recharge code - enter recharge code - enter mobile phone verification code - complete recharge; If you do not receive the check code, you can get the check code by voice
Step 4: recharge successfully
warm reminder:
generally can buy convenience code in convenience store, and log in to Alipay to enter the recharge code after purchase. Pay attention to the mobile phone number when purchasing, you must use it, otherwise you can't complete the recharge. Please login to Alipay computer, choose recharge, choose the consumer card, follow the instructions, and do not use Alipay to recharge Alipay.