How to distinguish the true and false of virtual currency
Publish: 2021-04-06 09:45:00
1. There is no difference between true and false digital currency, and there is no difference between good and bad digital currency. Digital currency is just a tool, the key is to see who plays with it. Some people just use digital currency as a tool of pyramid selling, making money out of thin air, carrying out false propaganda and taking money away
if you don't understand digital currency, you'd better not touch it. The water of digital currency is very deep. Digital currency is even more chaotic, deception is repeated. If you are interested, you can first learn about the crowdfunding project token on coin Ying China platform.
if you don't understand digital currency, you'd better not touch it. The water of digital currency is very deep. Digital currency is even more chaotic, deception is repeated. If you are interested, you can first learn about the crowdfunding project token on coin Ying China platform.
2. Virtual currency is based on the virtual platform, so as long as the platform can confirm that the currency is real, the platform depends on the website, and as long as the website is identified, the platform can't be wrong
3. At this time, there are still people playing Shanzhai coin. They are full of energy and money.
4. When it comes to "modeling", we can only rely on "appearance design"
according to the definition of "appearance design", it refers to the new design of proct shape, pattern or their combination, as well as the combination of color, shape and pattern, which is aesthetic and suitable for instrial application
it can be seen that the carrier of modeling must be "proct". If your "coin" is a souvenir or decoration, it should be a proct and can be declared. But if your "coin" belongs to money, it can't.
according to the definition of "appearance design", it refers to the new design of proct shape, pattern or their combination, as well as the combination of color, shape and pattern, which is aesthetic and suitable for instrial application
it can be seen that the carrier of modeling must be "proct". If your "coin" is a souvenir or decoration, it should be a proct and can be declared. But if your "coin" belongs to money, it can't.
5. The method of "one look, two touch, three listen and four test" is usually used to identify the authenticity of RMB notes. Let's take the fifth set of RMB notes as an example< 1. Look at the watermark. The fixed watermark of each note is located in the blank space on the left side of the front face of the note. The watermark with strong three-dimensional sense can be seen from the perspective of the light. The fixed watermark of 100 yuan and 50 yuan banknotes is the image of Mao Zedong. The fixed watermarks of 20 yuan, 10 yuan and 5 yuan banknotes are lotus, rose and Narcissus respectively
2. Look at the safety line. There is a safety line to the left in the middle of the front face of each coupon. The safety line of 100 yuan and 50 yuan banknotes can see the miniature words "RMB 100" and "RMB 50" respectively from the perspective of light, and the instrument has magnetism; 20 yuan note, facing the light perspective, is a light and dark safety line; The security line of 10 yuan and 5 yuan banknotes is holographic magnetic windowed security line, that is, the security line is partially embedded in the paper and partially exposed on the paper surface. The holographic pattern composed of micro characters "￥ 10" and "￥ 5" can be seen in the windowed part, and the instrument has magnetism. 3. Change light into ink
the denomination numbers on the lower left front of the 100 yuan and 50 yuan coupons are printed with light variable ink. When the vertical view of the ticket is tilted to a certain angle, the face value of the 100 yuan ticket will change from green to blue; The denomination of the $50 coupon will change from gold to green. 4. Check whether the face pattern is clear, whether the color is bright, and whether the docking pattern can be connected
the complementary pattern of yin and Yang of banknotes is used in 100 yuan, 50 yuan and 10 yuan coupons. These three kinds of coupons are printed with a circular local pattern on the lower left side of the front and the lower right side of the back. From the perspective of the light, the two patterns are combined to form a complete pattern of ancient coins. 5. Use a magnifying glass more than 5 times to observe the face of the ticket to see if the pattern lines and miniatures are clear and clean
in the face design of each note type, there are miniature words. 100 yuan, with "RMB" and "RMB 100" as the microwords; 50 yuan is "50" and "RMB50"; 20 yuan is "RMB 20"; 10 yuan is "RMB 10"; 5 yuan is "RMB 5". Second touch: 1. Touch the portrait, Braille, the name of the people's Bank of China and other places whether there is concave and convex feeling
the main front scenes of the fifth set of RMB banknotes are Mao Zedong's head, which is hand carved intaglio printing process. It is vivid, vivid, concave convex and easy to identify. 2. Check whether the note is of moderate thickness and good straightness. Third listen to:
make a sound by shaking the banknote, and distinguish the authenticity of RMB according to the sound. The paper of RMB has the characteristics of straightness, folding resistance and not easy to tear. If you shake the banknote, flick your fingers or pull your hands symmetrically, you can hear a clear and loud voice. Four tests:
use some simple tools and special instruments to distinguish the authenticity of RMB. For example, with the help of a magnifying glass, you can observe the clarity of the lines on the face, such as gluing, gravure micro text, etc; Ultraviolet light can be used to irradiate banknotes to observe whether there is fluorescence reaction between banknote paper and ink; The magnetism of black horizontal number can be detected by magnetic detector. The fifth set of RMB 100 notes features 1. The main color of the notes is red, with the width of 77mm and the length of 155mm. The main scene on the front is the head of Mao Zedong, with an oval flower pattern on the left, the "national emblem" of the people's Republic of China on the upper left and Braille denomination mark on the lower right. The main scene on the back is the "Great Hall of the people" pattern. On the left is the cylinder pattern in the Great Hall of the people. On the top right is the Chinese pinyin letter of "people's Bank of China" and the words and denominations of "people's Bank of China" in Mongolian, Tibetan, Uighur and Zhuang languages. 2、 Anti counterfeiting features 1. Fixed portrait watermark: it is located in the blank space on the left side of the front, and can be seen from the perspective facing the light. It is the same as the main scene portrait and has a strong three-dimensional sense. 2. Red and blue colored fibers: in the blank space of the ticket, red and blue fibers can be seen in the paper. 3. Magnetic micro text safety line: the safety line in the banknote paper, when observed facing the light, the "RMB 100" micro text can be seen, and the instrument has magnetism. 4. Hand carved head portrait: the head portrait of Mao Zedong, the main scene on the front, adopts the hand carved gravure printing process, which is vivid, vivid, concave convex and easy to identify. 5. Invisible denomination number: there is an oval pattern on the top right of the front. Put the banknote close to the eye and rotate it 45 degrees or 90 degrees facing the light source to see the face value "100". 6. Offset micro text: in the oval pattern on the top of the front, offset micro text is printed in many places, and the words "RMB" and "RMB 100" can be seen under the magnifying glass. 7. Light variable ink denomination number: the word "100" on the lower left side of the front face turns green when viewed perpendicular to the face, and turns blue when tilted at a certain angle. 8. Complementary patterns of yin and Yang: there are circular local patterns on the lower left side of the front and the lower left side of the back. When viewed in the light, the patterns on the front and back are combined to form a complete ancient coin pattern. 9. Engraving gravure printing: the front main scene of Mao Zedong's head, the bank name of the people's Bank of China, Braille and the back main scene of the Great Hall of the people are all engraved gravure printing, with obvious concave and convex feeling when touching with fingers. 10. Horizontal and vertical double numbers: the front is printed with horizontal and vertical double numbers (both are two-digit and eight digit numbers). The horizontal number is black and the vertical number is blue. The fifth set of RMB 50 coupon features 1. The main color of the coupon is green, with a width of 150 mm and 70 mm. Mao Zedong's head is the main scene on the front, flowers on the left, the "national emblem" of the people's Republic of China in the upper left corner, Braille denomination mark in the lower right corner, and horizontal and vertical double numbers on the front. The main scene on the back is the "Potala Palace" pattern. On the top right are the Chinese Pinyin of the "people's Bank of China" and the words and denominations of the "people's Bank of China" in Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur and Zhuang languages. 2、 Anti counterfeiting features 1. Fixed portrait watermark: located in the front left margin, facing the light perspective, you can see the same as the main scene portrait, a strong three-dimensional sense of Mao Zedong's head watermark. 2. Red and blue color fiber: on the ticket, you can see the irregular distribution of red and blue fiber in the paper. 3. Magnetic microfilm safety line: the safety line in banknote paper, which can see the word "RMB50" in the perspective of light, and the instrument has magnetism. 4. Hand carved head portrait: the head portrait of Mao Zedong, the main scene on the front, adopts the hand carved gravure printing process, which is vivid, vivid, concave convex and easy to identify. 5. Invisible denomination number: there is a decorative pattern on the upper right side of the front. Place the banknote close to the eye and make a plane rotation of 45 degrees or 90 degrees facing the light source to see the denomination number "50". 6. Offset micro text: in the pattern on the top of the front, the words "50" and "RMB50" are printed in many places. 7. Light variable ink denomination number: the denomination number "50" on the lower left side of the front face turns to gold when viewed perpendicular to the face, and turns to green when tilted at a certain angle. 8. Complementary pattern of yin and Yang: there is a circular local pattern on the lower left side of the front and on the lower right side of the back. When you look at it facing the light, you can see that the patterns on the front and back combine to form a complete ancient coin pattern. 9. Engraving gravure printing: the front main scene of Mao Zedong's head, "the people's Bank of China" bank name, Braille denomination number, Braille denomination mark and the back main scene of "Potala Palace" pattern are all engraved gravure printing, with obvious concave convex feeling when touching with fingers. 10. Horizontal and vertical double numbers: the front is printed with horizontal and vertical double numbers, the horizontal number is black, and the vertical number is red. How to deal with counterfeit RMB
counterfeit RMB includes counterfeit coin and variable coin. Counterfeit money refers to all kinds of counterfeit banknotes that are copied from the original and illegally reproced by various means. Variable coinage refers to a kind of false currency which changes the quantity and form of the original currency on the basis of the real currency or with the real currency as the basic material by means of mending, splicing, erasing and uncovering, so as to realize the appreciation
the types of counterfeit money include machine-made, rubbing, ing, photographing, depicting, stone and wood engraving, as well as wax and mimeograph counterfeit money. Among them, the electronic scanning color separation plate printing mechanism has the largest number of counterfeit currency, high level of forgery and the greatest risk.
2. Look at the safety line. There is a safety line to the left in the middle of the front face of each coupon. The safety line of 100 yuan and 50 yuan banknotes can see the miniature words "RMB 100" and "RMB 50" respectively from the perspective of light, and the instrument has magnetism; 20 yuan note, facing the light perspective, is a light and dark safety line; The security line of 10 yuan and 5 yuan banknotes is holographic magnetic windowed security line, that is, the security line is partially embedded in the paper and partially exposed on the paper surface. The holographic pattern composed of micro characters "￥ 10" and "￥ 5" can be seen in the windowed part, and the instrument has magnetism. 3. Change light into ink
the denomination numbers on the lower left front of the 100 yuan and 50 yuan coupons are printed with light variable ink. When the vertical view of the ticket is tilted to a certain angle, the face value of the 100 yuan ticket will change from green to blue; The denomination of the $50 coupon will change from gold to green. 4. Check whether the face pattern is clear, whether the color is bright, and whether the docking pattern can be connected
the complementary pattern of yin and Yang of banknotes is used in 100 yuan, 50 yuan and 10 yuan coupons. These three kinds of coupons are printed with a circular local pattern on the lower left side of the front and the lower right side of the back. From the perspective of the light, the two patterns are combined to form a complete pattern of ancient coins. 5. Use a magnifying glass more than 5 times to observe the face of the ticket to see if the pattern lines and miniatures are clear and clean
in the face design of each note type, there are miniature words. 100 yuan, with "RMB" and "RMB 100" as the microwords; 50 yuan is "50" and "RMB50"; 20 yuan is "RMB 20"; 10 yuan is "RMB 10"; 5 yuan is "RMB 5". Second touch: 1. Touch the portrait, Braille, the name of the people's Bank of China and other places whether there is concave and convex feeling
the main front scenes of the fifth set of RMB banknotes are Mao Zedong's head, which is hand carved intaglio printing process. It is vivid, vivid, concave convex and easy to identify. 2. Check whether the note is of moderate thickness and good straightness. Third listen to:
make a sound by shaking the banknote, and distinguish the authenticity of RMB according to the sound. The paper of RMB has the characteristics of straightness, folding resistance and not easy to tear. If you shake the banknote, flick your fingers or pull your hands symmetrically, you can hear a clear and loud voice. Four tests:
use some simple tools and special instruments to distinguish the authenticity of RMB. For example, with the help of a magnifying glass, you can observe the clarity of the lines on the face, such as gluing, gravure micro text, etc; Ultraviolet light can be used to irradiate banknotes to observe whether there is fluorescence reaction between banknote paper and ink; The magnetism of black horizontal number can be detected by magnetic detector. The fifth set of RMB 100 notes features 1. The main color of the notes is red, with the width of 77mm and the length of 155mm. The main scene on the front is the head of Mao Zedong, with an oval flower pattern on the left, the "national emblem" of the people's Republic of China on the upper left and Braille denomination mark on the lower right. The main scene on the back is the "Great Hall of the people" pattern. On the left is the cylinder pattern in the Great Hall of the people. On the top right is the Chinese pinyin letter of "people's Bank of China" and the words and denominations of "people's Bank of China" in Mongolian, Tibetan, Uighur and Zhuang languages. 2、 Anti counterfeiting features 1. Fixed portrait watermark: it is located in the blank space on the left side of the front, and can be seen from the perspective facing the light. It is the same as the main scene portrait and has a strong three-dimensional sense. 2. Red and blue colored fibers: in the blank space of the ticket, red and blue fibers can be seen in the paper. 3. Magnetic micro text safety line: the safety line in the banknote paper, when observed facing the light, the "RMB 100" micro text can be seen, and the instrument has magnetism. 4. Hand carved head portrait: the head portrait of Mao Zedong, the main scene on the front, adopts the hand carved gravure printing process, which is vivid, vivid, concave convex and easy to identify. 5. Invisible denomination number: there is an oval pattern on the top right of the front. Put the banknote close to the eye and rotate it 45 degrees or 90 degrees facing the light source to see the face value "100". 6. Offset micro text: in the oval pattern on the top of the front, offset micro text is printed in many places, and the words "RMB" and "RMB 100" can be seen under the magnifying glass. 7. Light variable ink denomination number: the word "100" on the lower left side of the front face turns green when viewed perpendicular to the face, and turns blue when tilted at a certain angle. 8. Complementary patterns of yin and Yang: there are circular local patterns on the lower left side of the front and the lower left side of the back. When viewed in the light, the patterns on the front and back are combined to form a complete ancient coin pattern. 9. Engraving gravure printing: the front main scene of Mao Zedong's head, the bank name of the people's Bank of China, Braille and the back main scene of the Great Hall of the people are all engraved gravure printing, with obvious concave and convex feeling when touching with fingers. 10. Horizontal and vertical double numbers: the front is printed with horizontal and vertical double numbers (both are two-digit and eight digit numbers). The horizontal number is black and the vertical number is blue. The fifth set of RMB 50 coupon features 1. The main color of the coupon is green, with a width of 150 mm and 70 mm. Mao Zedong's head is the main scene on the front, flowers on the left, the "national emblem" of the people's Republic of China in the upper left corner, Braille denomination mark in the lower right corner, and horizontal and vertical double numbers on the front. The main scene on the back is the "Potala Palace" pattern. On the top right are the Chinese Pinyin of the "people's Bank of China" and the words and denominations of the "people's Bank of China" in Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur and Zhuang languages. 2、 Anti counterfeiting features 1. Fixed portrait watermark: located in the front left margin, facing the light perspective, you can see the same as the main scene portrait, a strong three-dimensional sense of Mao Zedong's head watermark. 2. Red and blue color fiber: on the ticket, you can see the irregular distribution of red and blue fiber in the paper. 3. Magnetic microfilm safety line: the safety line in banknote paper, which can see the word "RMB50" in the perspective of light, and the instrument has magnetism. 4. Hand carved head portrait: the head portrait of Mao Zedong, the main scene on the front, adopts the hand carved gravure printing process, which is vivid, vivid, concave convex and easy to identify. 5. Invisible denomination number: there is a decorative pattern on the upper right side of the front. Place the banknote close to the eye and make a plane rotation of 45 degrees or 90 degrees facing the light source to see the denomination number "50". 6. Offset micro text: in the pattern on the top of the front, the words "50" and "RMB50" are printed in many places. 7. Light variable ink denomination number: the denomination number "50" on the lower left side of the front face turns to gold when viewed perpendicular to the face, and turns to green when tilted at a certain angle. 8. Complementary pattern of yin and Yang: there is a circular local pattern on the lower left side of the front and on the lower right side of the back. When you look at it facing the light, you can see that the patterns on the front and back combine to form a complete ancient coin pattern. 9. Engraving gravure printing: the front main scene of Mao Zedong's head, "the people's Bank of China" bank name, Braille denomination number, Braille denomination mark and the back main scene of "Potala Palace" pattern are all engraved gravure printing, with obvious concave convex feeling when touching with fingers. 10. Horizontal and vertical double numbers: the front is printed with horizontal and vertical double numbers, the horizontal number is black, and the vertical number is red. How to deal with counterfeit RMB
counterfeit RMB includes counterfeit coin and variable coin. Counterfeit money refers to all kinds of counterfeit banknotes that are copied from the original and illegally reproced by various means. Variable coinage refers to a kind of false currency which changes the quantity and form of the original currency on the basis of the real currency or with the real currency as the basic material by means of mending, splicing, erasing and uncovering, so as to realize the appreciation
the types of counterfeit money include machine-made, rubbing, ing, photographing, depicting, stone and wood engraving, as well as wax and mimeograph counterfeit money. Among them, the electronic scanning color separation plate printing mechanism has the largest number of counterfeit currency, high level of forgery and the greatest risk.
6. 1. The number on the left lower foot will change color, and it can be rotated back and forth (for 100 and 50)
2. A pattern under the number on the right upper foot will appear corresponding number when facing light
3. The copper coin image on the front and back sides can synthesize a complete copper coin image when facing light
4. The head image has clear mark, and the hair is one by one
2. A pattern under the number on the right upper foot will appear corresponding number when facing light
3. The copper coin image on the front and back sides can synthesize a complete copper coin image when facing light
4. The head image has clear mark, and the hair is one by one
7. 1) Observe the paper quality. Real RMB paper has toughness and is resistant to folding, while fake RMB paper usually lacks toughness. When it is folded several times on the same line, the face of the paper will break with a slight pull< (2) observe the color and pattern. Due to the frequent contact with RMB, we are deeply impressed by the colors and patterns. When observing the color and pattern, it mainly depends on whether the edge is clear. The edge of real RMB color and pattern is clear, while the edge of false RMB color and pattern is usually fuzzy< (3) wipe. Although the color and pattern of RMB with large denomination are clear, the pattern and pattern printed with dark ink will still leave that kind of color mark on the white paper after wiping it with force, but the face is not blurred. That's not usually the case with fake Renminbi< (4) watermark. Unfold the RMB and look at the light. From the other side, you can see figures, Tiananmen Square and other patterns that are usually invisible. This is not the case with fake RMB
(5) touch. The real RMB is printed by concave convex printing, and the face (especially the new face) feels concave convex. Fake RMB is usually printed by photo plate making with smooth surface.
(5) touch. The real RMB is printed by concave convex printing, and the face (especially the new face) feels concave convex. Fake RMB is usually printed by photo plate making with smooth surface.
8. (1) Observe the paper quality. Real RMB paper has toughness and is resistant to folding, while fake RMB paper usually lacks toughness. When it is folded several times on the same line, the face of the paper will break with a slight pull< (2) observe the color and pattern. Due to the frequent contact with RMB, we are deeply impressed by the colors and patterns. When observing the color and pattern, it mainly depends on whether the edge is clear. The edge of real RMB color and pattern is clear, while the edge of false RMB color and pattern is usually fuzzy< (3) wipe. Although the color and pattern of RMB with large denomination are clear, the pattern and pattern printed with dark ink will still leave that kind of color mark on the white paper after wiping it with force, but the face is not blurred. That's not usually the case with fake Renminbi< (4) watermark. Unfold the RMB and look at the light. From the other side, you can see figures, Tiananmen Square and other patterns that are usually invisible. This is not the case with fake RMB
(5) touch. The real RMB is printed by concave convex printing, and the face (especially the new face) feels concave convex. Fake RMB is usually printed by photo plate making with smooth surface< (6) safety line and point. In recent years, the new version of large denomination RMB paper has metal lines, or several black spots on the right and bottom of the front. The black spots are not printed like other patterns, but obviously have a certain thickness. By observing the arrangement position and thickness of the metal lines and black spots, we can also distinguish between real and fake RMB.
(5) touch. The real RMB is printed by concave convex printing, and the face (especially the new face) feels concave convex. Fake RMB is usually printed by photo plate making with smooth surface< (6) safety line and point. In recent years, the new version of large denomination RMB paper has metal lines, or several black spots on the right and bottom of the front. The black spots are not printed like other patterns, but obviously have a certain thickness. By observing the arrangement position and thickness of the metal lines and black spots, we can also distinguish between real and fake RMB.
9. The basic methods and principles for the identification of ancient coins are as follows: first, we should master the characteristics of the times and indivial characteristics of coins of each era. Ancient coins all reflect the characteristics of the times of coin making, and at the same time, ancient coins also have their indivial characteristics. By mastering these characteristics, we can know what kind of coins they are, and distinguish real money from fake money according to these characteristics. The characteristics of ancient coins include the characters and the shape. The characters are the characters cast on the ancient coins, and the shape refers to the shape structure, casting technology and material composition of the ancient coins. It is the basic method to identify the authenticity and value of each era and each kind of ancient coin to understand these characteristics and indivial characteristics of each era and each kind of currency. If we find a coin which is very different from its characteristics of the times and indivial characteristics, we should pay special attention to its authenticity, and then use other methods to identify it. Second. Use scientific methods to distinguish the fake rust and color of fake money. In the identification of ancient coins, it is very important to distinguish the true and false of copper rust and copper color, because it is difficult to judge the authenticity of some counterfeit coins from the shape of characters, and the method of identifying the rust color is simple. Third, be familiar with the basic characteristics of counterfeit money. To identify counterfeit money, we should not only understand the basic characteristics of the times and indivial characteristics of real money in each era, but also understand the basic characteristics of counterfeit money. The surface of the altered counterfeit money is uneven, the color of the front and back of the assembled counterfeit money is different, there are always traces around the chiseled words, and the coins made by the sanding method are slightly smaller and thinner than the real money, etc. Fourth, to master the knowledge related to the identification of ancient coins, we should understand the relevant monetary theory, extensive historical knowledge, common sense of casting ancient coins, the ancient philology of "planting spectrum and lying record" and the knowledge of ancient rules and regulations of past dynasties. It is very necessary to identify ancient coins. Fifthly, we need to understand the coinage of Korea, Vietnam, Japan and other neighboring countries. These countries have all passed through our country's coinage, and also imitated many Chinese coins. We should master the characteristics of their coins and avoid confusion with Chinese coins
the previous identification of coins mainly used six characters, namely, character, quality, sound, color, spirit and taste. In Chinese, it refers to the characters and patterns, breath and style; in quality, it refers to the shape, technology and material composition of coins; in sound, it refers to the sound of coins; in color, it refers to the rust color and slurry; in spirit, it refers to the charm of coins; in taste, it refers to the smell of coins
the flavor and style of words and patterns refer to whether the words and patterns of coins are fluent and comfortable, whether the words and patterns are elegant or clumsy, and whether they conform to the characteristics of the times. It can be said that the style of characters (patterns) is a difficult point in coin identification, because everyone's views on appreciation are different, and the conclusion of a controversial coin may be quite different. However, in large aspects, we can basically reach a consensus. For example, in the pre Qin period, the Warring States period and the Qin Dynasty, the characters of coins were carved on the mold by craftsmen with knives, because there was no certain type of font, Therefore, there are many editions, basically not the same. Although the characters are created by craftsmen, they have no craftsmanship. They are smooth, natural and vivid, and have their own taste. Among them, there are also model Mint makers, with powerful and strong fonts. In the Han Dynasty, the five baht editions were complicated and the writing styles were different, which could not be distinguished by Fang family. Zhang's level was limited and he did not dare to talk nonsense. In Han Dynasty, Wang Mang, an expert in making money, was famous for his fluent and elegant font, well-balanced layout, and six springs and ten cloth. There are also goods cloth and goods spring. The font is made of hanging needle seal, and most of them are exquisitely made. During the Three Kingdoms, Jin Dynasty, southern and Northern Dynasties, e to continuous wars, the coins were relatively poor. Generally speaking, the characters of the coins in the Three Kingdoms, Cao Wei Dynasty were relatively free and fluent; Sun Wu's currency writing is more flexible and bold; The coins of the two Jin dynasties have different writing styles e to the different casting places. They are rich in goods, vigorous and dignified in the Han Dynasty, bold and unrestrained and natural in the great Xia Dynasty, open and close in a certain degree, and cool new springs with a certain degree of density. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, there are elegant Xiaojian Sizhu and Yongguang, dignified wuzhu (Chen), taihuoliuzhu and so on The five elements Dabu, buquan, Changping wuzhu, Xiaojian, Yongguang and so on compete with each other, each with its own characteristics. Tong Bao of Tang Kaiyuan was written by Ouyang Xun according to the records of food and goods in the old book of Tang Dynasty. Its characters contain eight points and its official style is strict and dignified. This style runs through the whole Tang Dynasty. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Han Yuan, Yongping, Tongzheng, Tianhan, Guangtian, Qiande, Xiankang, Kaiyuan (Wang shenzhu) Yonglong and others, such as Zhou Yuan, inherited the calligraphy style of the Tang Dynasty, I'm sorry. Since the Song Dynasty, every emperor has cast a year's money every time he changes the yuan. The money is rich and varied, elegant or vulgar, clumsy or skillful, with rigorous writing and excellent structure. Personally, from the overall level, it is the peak of the development of Qian calligraphy in China. After the Song Dynasty, the overall level of Qian calligraphy began to decline, and there was a revival in the Jin Dynasty, represented by Taihe Fuchang. In the Yuan Dynasty, some of the regular script were graceful and generous, but the overall level was not high, showing a downward trend. Except Xianfeng, there were few excellent works in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Xianfeng coin is the last revival of Qian calligraphy in ancient Chinese coinage. Each bureau's Qian calligraphy is presented in different colors, such as a lady from a big family or a jasper from a small family
pattern identification is mainly used in spending money. The spending money patterns of each era have their own characteristics of the times, which is not the focus of this paper, so I won't talk more about it here
to use coin characters (patterns) to identify coins, you should not only be familiar with the writing style of the same period, but also have certain calligraphy skills or calligraphy appreciation ability. This may be a bit demanding for beginners, but you can rest assured that you can read more, think more, and guess more. As time goes on, you can be confident
note: the following articles about the identification of coins by means of rusty coated slurry are excerpted from Mr. Zheng Jiaxiang's works. At present, many coins in the market are mostly copied from Mr. Zheng Jiaxiang's works, and Zhang also borrowed them. Because there are many changes in the methods of counterfeiting, some of them are not suitable. Zhang boldly added some of his own ideas in the middle
after a hundred years of underground corrosion, some of the unearthed ancient coins are covered with emerald green, some are red, green, yellow and white, and are mottled, which is called "shengkengshu" in the field of coins. The ancient coins handed down from generation to generation, e to long-term appreciation, sweat and oil into the surface, and the body is yellowish brown or brown. In order to obtain the surface effect of "shengkeng" and "handed down from generation to generation", the counterfeiters used the color of the counterfeit money. The common methods are as follows:
1. Green. There are five ways to forge the green rust:
(1) after two or three years of burying the forged money in the soil and taking it out, it will be covered with green rust Zhang San Shao note: there are some high-end fakes that have been in the soil for more than two or three years. Maybe they have been in the soil for about ten years, and then they are added with acid. Now they are covered with hard green rust, which has great lethality. Yiquan and I once paid tuition fees before. The rust of this kind of money is not seamless. The color of green rust is tender and floating.)
(2) the forged coins are dipped in hydrochloric acid or acetic acid and then buried in the soil. After a year and a half, they are taken out and covered with green rust. The fake money soaked in hydrochloric acid and peracetic acid can also rust in dark and humid places. But this kind of green rust is on the floating surface and can't penetrate into the bone. The green rust of real money is brittle and easy to fall off, and can't proce hard green. It can only become localized green, so hard green rust can't be forged Zhang San Shao note: this method is currently the most commonly used method of counterfeiting shengkeng money in the city. It is a low-grade counterfeit. With a little attention, you can distinguish it. In addition, now hard green rust can also be made)
(3) use glue to mix with green powder, apply it on the money, then add mud and water, and wait for drying, then it becomes earthy green rust. This kind of fake money is most afraid of boiling, because once boiled, the rust will fall off completely Zhang sanshao's note: it is no longer meaningful to use boiling water to identify fake rust. With the development of science and technology, there are many glues that are not afraid of boiling water)
(4) using rosin mixed with green powder and smeared on fake money, it becomes a kind of hard green embroidery, which is hard to identify at first sight, such as rubbing it with hot hands or soaking it in hot water, and smelling rosin with nose, You can tell if it's a forgery (5) after a year and a half, the enamel is dry and hard, like hard green embroidery, but its color is not as natural as hard green unearthed, and it is easy to peel off (2) there are four ways to forge red rust on ancient coins unearthed in red color:
(1) burn the forged coins to make them transparent, immerse them in cold water, and then bring red rust on them; It is then dipped in hydrochloric acid or acetic acid and buried in the soil. After a year and a half, it is red and green and rusty. It looks like ancient coins have been unearthed. However, this method can only be used for copper coins. If the copper coins of Ming and Qing Dynasties are forged by fire, they can not turn red
(2) red powder mixed with glue can also proce red green rust color according to the above method, but its weakness is the same as that of forged green rust
(3) if red and green are mixed with rosin and applied on the counterfeit money, it will become red and green rust, and its weakness is the same as that mentioned above
(4) red and green rust can be formed by mixing red and green enamel on the counterfeit money. Its weakness is the same as the above Zhang San Shao note: Nowadays, the first method is often used to make red rust, or resin, paint, etc. are applied on the money, and most of them are made into semi handed down antiques)
in short, red can not be independent, it must be combined with green or blue or handed down antiques
3. Blue rust. The colors of the unearthed coins are red, green and blue. The counterfeiters only use glue, rosin and enamel to make them, but few of them make them Zhang sanshao's note: judging from the counterfeit money I have seen at present, there are not many counterfeit money made in red, green and blue colors.
4. Handed down from ancient times, some of the ancient money has been handed down through the ages and has not been buried in the earth, so most of the round money has no red and green rust, only has a kind of black brown on the surface of the money, which is called handed down from ancient times. Some of them were buried in the soil, but after a long time of friction, most of the red and green rust fell off, and only a few of them remained green or red. The amount of rust left is related to the playing time and pit style of the plate. If the playing time is short, more rust will be left.) the rest has turned into black brown copper, which is called semi handed down ancient. There are usually two ways to forge this color
(1) the fake money is calcined with fire, then cooled, and the surface of the money turns black. After a year and a half, the color of the money is glossy, which is similar to the real money.
the previous identification of coins mainly used six characters, namely, character, quality, sound, color, spirit and taste. In Chinese, it refers to the characters and patterns, breath and style; in quality, it refers to the shape, technology and material composition of coins; in sound, it refers to the sound of coins; in color, it refers to the rust color and slurry; in spirit, it refers to the charm of coins; in taste, it refers to the smell of coins
the flavor and style of words and patterns refer to whether the words and patterns of coins are fluent and comfortable, whether the words and patterns are elegant or clumsy, and whether they conform to the characteristics of the times. It can be said that the style of characters (patterns) is a difficult point in coin identification, because everyone's views on appreciation are different, and the conclusion of a controversial coin may be quite different. However, in large aspects, we can basically reach a consensus. For example, in the pre Qin period, the Warring States period and the Qin Dynasty, the characters of coins were carved on the mold by craftsmen with knives, because there was no certain type of font, Therefore, there are many editions, basically not the same. Although the characters are created by craftsmen, they have no craftsmanship. They are smooth, natural and vivid, and have their own taste. Among them, there are also model Mint makers, with powerful and strong fonts. In the Han Dynasty, the five baht editions were complicated and the writing styles were different, which could not be distinguished by Fang family. Zhang's level was limited and he did not dare to talk nonsense. In Han Dynasty, Wang Mang, an expert in making money, was famous for his fluent and elegant font, well-balanced layout, and six springs and ten cloth. There are also goods cloth and goods spring. The font is made of hanging needle seal, and most of them are exquisitely made. During the Three Kingdoms, Jin Dynasty, southern and Northern Dynasties, e to continuous wars, the coins were relatively poor. Generally speaking, the characters of the coins in the Three Kingdoms, Cao Wei Dynasty were relatively free and fluent; Sun Wu's currency writing is more flexible and bold; The coins of the two Jin dynasties have different writing styles e to the different casting places. They are rich in goods, vigorous and dignified in the Han Dynasty, bold and unrestrained and natural in the great Xia Dynasty, open and close in a certain degree, and cool new springs with a certain degree of density. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, there are elegant Xiaojian Sizhu and Yongguang, dignified wuzhu (Chen), taihuoliuzhu and so on The five elements Dabu, buquan, Changping wuzhu, Xiaojian, Yongguang and so on compete with each other, each with its own characteristics. Tong Bao of Tang Kaiyuan was written by Ouyang Xun according to the records of food and goods in the old book of Tang Dynasty. Its characters contain eight points and its official style is strict and dignified. This style runs through the whole Tang Dynasty. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Han Yuan, Yongping, Tongzheng, Tianhan, Guangtian, Qiande, Xiankang, Kaiyuan (Wang shenzhu) Yonglong and others, such as Zhou Yuan, inherited the calligraphy style of the Tang Dynasty, I'm sorry. Since the Song Dynasty, every emperor has cast a year's money every time he changes the yuan. The money is rich and varied, elegant or vulgar, clumsy or skillful, with rigorous writing and excellent structure. Personally, from the overall level, it is the peak of the development of Qian calligraphy in China. After the Song Dynasty, the overall level of Qian calligraphy began to decline, and there was a revival in the Jin Dynasty, represented by Taihe Fuchang. In the Yuan Dynasty, some of the regular script were graceful and generous, but the overall level was not high, showing a downward trend. Except Xianfeng, there were few excellent works in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Xianfeng coin is the last revival of Qian calligraphy in ancient Chinese coinage. Each bureau's Qian calligraphy is presented in different colors, such as a lady from a big family or a jasper from a small family
pattern identification is mainly used in spending money. The spending money patterns of each era have their own characteristics of the times, which is not the focus of this paper, so I won't talk more about it here
to use coin characters (patterns) to identify coins, you should not only be familiar with the writing style of the same period, but also have certain calligraphy skills or calligraphy appreciation ability. This may be a bit demanding for beginners, but you can rest assured that you can read more, think more, and guess more. As time goes on, you can be confident
note: the following articles about the identification of coins by means of rusty coated slurry are excerpted from Mr. Zheng Jiaxiang's works. At present, many coins in the market are mostly copied from Mr. Zheng Jiaxiang's works, and Zhang also borrowed them. Because there are many changes in the methods of counterfeiting, some of them are not suitable. Zhang boldly added some of his own ideas in the middle
after a hundred years of underground corrosion, some of the unearthed ancient coins are covered with emerald green, some are red, green, yellow and white, and are mottled, which is called "shengkengshu" in the field of coins. The ancient coins handed down from generation to generation, e to long-term appreciation, sweat and oil into the surface, and the body is yellowish brown or brown. In order to obtain the surface effect of "shengkeng" and "handed down from generation to generation", the counterfeiters used the color of the counterfeit money. The common methods are as follows:
1. Green. There are five ways to forge the green rust:
(1) after two or three years of burying the forged money in the soil and taking it out, it will be covered with green rust Zhang San Shao note: there are some high-end fakes that have been in the soil for more than two or three years. Maybe they have been in the soil for about ten years, and then they are added with acid. Now they are covered with hard green rust, which has great lethality. Yiquan and I once paid tuition fees before. The rust of this kind of money is not seamless. The color of green rust is tender and floating.)
(2) the forged coins are dipped in hydrochloric acid or acetic acid and then buried in the soil. After a year and a half, they are taken out and covered with green rust. The fake money soaked in hydrochloric acid and peracetic acid can also rust in dark and humid places. But this kind of green rust is on the floating surface and can't penetrate into the bone. The green rust of real money is brittle and easy to fall off, and can't proce hard green. It can only become localized green, so hard green rust can't be forged Zhang San Shao note: this method is currently the most commonly used method of counterfeiting shengkeng money in the city. It is a low-grade counterfeit. With a little attention, you can distinguish it. In addition, now hard green rust can also be made)
(3) use glue to mix with green powder, apply it on the money, then add mud and water, and wait for drying, then it becomes earthy green rust. This kind of fake money is most afraid of boiling, because once boiled, the rust will fall off completely Zhang sanshao's note: it is no longer meaningful to use boiling water to identify fake rust. With the development of science and technology, there are many glues that are not afraid of boiling water)
(4) using rosin mixed with green powder and smeared on fake money, it becomes a kind of hard green embroidery, which is hard to identify at first sight, such as rubbing it with hot hands or soaking it in hot water, and smelling rosin with nose, You can tell if it's a forgery (5) after a year and a half, the enamel is dry and hard, like hard green embroidery, but its color is not as natural as hard green unearthed, and it is easy to peel off (2) there are four ways to forge red rust on ancient coins unearthed in red color:
(1) burn the forged coins to make them transparent, immerse them in cold water, and then bring red rust on them; It is then dipped in hydrochloric acid or acetic acid and buried in the soil. After a year and a half, it is red and green and rusty. It looks like ancient coins have been unearthed. However, this method can only be used for copper coins. If the copper coins of Ming and Qing Dynasties are forged by fire, they can not turn red
(2) red powder mixed with glue can also proce red green rust color according to the above method, but its weakness is the same as that of forged green rust
(3) if red and green are mixed with rosin and applied on the counterfeit money, it will become red and green rust, and its weakness is the same as that mentioned above
(4) red and green rust can be formed by mixing red and green enamel on the counterfeit money. Its weakness is the same as the above Zhang San Shao note: Nowadays, the first method is often used to make red rust, or resin, paint, etc. are applied on the money, and most of them are made into semi handed down antiques)
in short, red can not be independent, it must be combined with green or blue or handed down antiques
3. Blue rust. The colors of the unearthed coins are red, green and blue. The counterfeiters only use glue, rosin and enamel to make them, but few of them make them Zhang sanshao's note: judging from the counterfeit money I have seen at present, there are not many counterfeit money made in red, green and blue colors.
4. Handed down from ancient times, some of the ancient money has been handed down through the ages and has not been buried in the earth, so most of the round money has no red and green rust, only has a kind of black brown on the surface of the money, which is called handed down from ancient times. Some of them were buried in the soil, but after a long time of friction, most of the red and green rust fell off, and only a few of them remained green or red. The amount of rust left is related to the playing time and pit style of the plate. If the playing time is short, more rust will be left.) the rest has turned into black brown copper, which is called semi handed down ancient. There are usually two ways to forge this color
(1) the fake money is calcined with fire, then cooled, and the surface of the money turns black. After a year and a half, the color of the money is glossy, which is similar to the real money.
Hot content