E-money belongs to both credit money and virtual money

3. With the development of the Internet, while providing a large number of free services to the majority of Internet users, according to the company's profit needs and the diversified needs of users, various websites have launched charging services. This also promoted the emergence of virtual currency
in order to provide better services, many portal websites and online game operators have been providing virtual currency for use for a long time. According to incomplete statistics, there are no less than 10 kinds of network virtual currency (referred to as network currency) currently in circulation, such as Q currency, network currency, cool currency, Warcraft currency, Paradise currency, Shanda (game area) coupon, etc. Take Q coin as an example, there are more than 200 million users. Instry insiders estimate that the domestic Internet has a virtual money market scale of several billion yuan per year, and is growing at a rate of 15% - 20%
in a market economy, demand stimulates innovation, which in turn stimulates demand. The increasing popularity of virtual currency is completed in the needs of users and the innovation of enterprises. At present, there are many kinds of virtual currency in China's network market, among which Tencent, relying on its huge QQ users, has timely launched QQ currency with the maturity of instant messaging market
it is undeniable that virtual currency makes us feel the convenience of purchasing network services, which is the inevitable proct of the development of network economy. But at present, the network virtual currency has quietly changed into a huge trading market
Lyndon larush, a famous American economist, once predicted that from 2050, the virtual currency of the Internet will be officially recognized to some extent and become a mobile currency. With such a large market and bright prospects, many companies are eager to try and intend to occupy this market. Now it seems that the network, PayPal (PayPal) and Tencent are in the leading position
at the present stage, most e-money is based on the existing real money (cash or deposit), which has the function of "value measurement" and "value preservation", and the precondition that e-money and real money can exchange at a ratio of 1
: 1 is established
as a means of payment, most e-money can not be separated from cash or deposit. It is transmitted and transferred by electronic means to pay off creditor's rights and debts and realize settlement. Therefore, the function and influence of e-money at present is essentially the relationship between e-money, cash and deposit
at present, there are four types of popular electronic currency in China
1. Stored value card electronic currency. Generally, it appears in the form of magnetic card or IC card. Besides commercial banks, it is also issued by telecommunication departments (ordinary telephone card, IC telephone card), IC enterprises (network card), commercial retail enterprises (various consumption cards), government organs (internal consumption IC card) and schools (Campus IC card). After the issuer receives the customer's funds in advance, it issues the equivalent stored value card, which makes the stored value card a new "deposit account" independent of the bank deposit. At the same time, the stored value card in the customer consumption to dect the way to pay fees, which is equivalent to the deposit account payment currency. At present, the deposits in the stored value cards are not included in the central bank's reserve requirements. Therefore, the stored value cards can rece the demand for cash and current savings
2. Credit card applied electronic currency. It refers to the credit card or quasi credit card issued by commercial banks, credit card companies and other issuers. The loan can be consumed within the credit limit specified by the issuer, and then the repayment can be made at the specified time. The widespread use of credit cards can expand consumer credit and affect money supply
3. They are mainly debit cards, electronic checks, etc., which are used to withdraw cash, transfer settlement and transfer funds from bank deposits in an electronic way. The widespread use of this kind of electronic payment method can rece the cost of consumers to and from the bank, rece the balance of cash demand, and speed up the circulation of money
4. Cash analog electronic currency. There are mainly two kinds: one is e-cash which is based on the Internet environment and keeps the binary data representing the value of money in the hard disk of the computer terminal; One is the electronic wallet that keeps the monetary value in the IC card and can be circulated without the bank payment system. This kind of e-money has the characteristics of anonymity of cash, can be used for payment between indivials, and can change hands many times. It is developed for the purpose of replacing entity cash. The expanding use of this kind of electronic currency can affect the currency issuing mechanism, rece the seigniorage income of the central bank, and rece the scale of assets and liabilities of the central bank

4. Virtual currency and e-currency are coincident and have no subordinate relationship
virtual currency refers to non real currency. Well known virtual currencies, such as online currency of Internet company, QQ currency of Tencent company, q-point and voucher of Shanda company, micro currency launched by Sina (used for micro games, Sina reading, etc.), chivalrous Yuanbao (used for chivalrous road game), grain silver (used for bixue Qingtian game), and popular digital currencies in 2013, such as bitcoin, Laite currency, Fuyuan currency, etc. At present, hundreds of digital currencies are issued all over the world. Popular in the circle & quot; The legend of "bitkin, Wright silver"
electronic money refers to the exchange of a certain amount of cash or deposit from the issuer and the acquisition of data representing the same amount. By using some electronic methods, the data can be directly transferred to the payment object, so as to pay off the debt.

5.

Credit card does not have the following characteristics:

1. It is the value symbol of money

Credit currency is debt currency

(3) credit currency is mandatory

The state controls and manages the credit currency

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extended information:

the form of credit currency:

1. Promissory note

in commodity credit transaction, when a capitalist purchases a certain commodity, he or she does not need to pay cash, but only needs to issue a debt certificate to pay his or her debts regularly. When e, the holder can ask the drawer for cash according to the face value. A promissory note that is not yet e is signed by the creditor on the back of the note to indicate that it bears the debt. The holder can also use it as a means of purchase or payment to purchase goods or repay the debt

in addition, the holder can apply to the bank for discount of the bill that has not yet expired. The drawee may dect the interest of the period before the maturity of the promissory note according to the interest rate

2. Banknotes are proced on the basis of commercial paper circulation and guaranteed by bank credit, which is also a kind of credit currency. Holders can use it instead of metal money

it has no fixed payment date and can be exchanged for gold at any time; Its face value is a fixed integer, which is easy to circulate; It is guaranteed by gold and bills. Its credit base is relatively stable and it can circulate in a wide range of bank credit. However, e to the abandonment of the gold standard and the cessation of the exchange of bank notes for gold, capitalist countries generally issue dishonoured banknotes as a means of circulation

Different from banknotes, banknotes are not prepared with commercial paper and gold, and can not be exchanged for gold. In fact, banknotes can no longer be called credit currency. They are issued according to government decrees. In order to make up the fiscal deficit, the government issues paper money indiscriminately, which often leads to inflation

After the Second World War, bank checks are still the main means of circulation in capitalist countries, accounting for about 90% of the money supply in some countries. It is not only in wholesale trade, but also in retail trade as an important means of payment. Since the 1960s, in order to strengthen the competitive position and pursue high profits, banks have tried every means to improve their banking business, and the scope of credit currency has been expanded

Using cheques as a means of payment can rece the amount of money in circulation and save circulation costs. However, in the stage of economic crisis, e to the shrinkage of proction, the bankruptcy of enterprises and banks, cheques often can not be cashed, which is bound to affect the normal proction and circulation

Therefore, on the one hand, credit money has a positive role in promoting the development of capitalist economy; on the other hand, the excessive expansion of the circulation scope of credit money increases the possibility of the crisis covered by money as a means of payment

The subsidiary coins are mostly made of base metals, which are generally issued exclusively by the government and minted by a special mint. Its main function is to act as a medium in small or sporadic transactions

Most of the banknotes are issued by the Central Bank of a country, whose main function is to undertake the means of purchasing people's daily necessities

6. Bank deposit is the creditor's right of the depositor to the bank, which is also the debt currency for the bank. In addition to the transfer payment in the bank account, the deposit should also be paid with the help of cheques. In the economic transactions of the whole society, the proportion of using bank deposits as the means of payment accounts for the vast majority. With the development of credit, this kind of currency is widely used in some small transactions, such as customers' payment to retailers and employees' wages

Due to the rapid development of science and technology and the application of electronic computing technology, the transaction and payment of money has entered a new stage. E-money usually uses computers or stored value cards to carry out financial transactions and payment activities, such as various credit cards, stored value cards, electronic wallets, etc

At the same time, the amount of money stored can be supplemented with the help of computers, automatic teller machines or telephone operation. This kind of currency is very convenient to use and is still improving and developing

6. Banknotes and banknotes belong to substitute currency, that is, convertible banknotes, which can be freely converted into precious metals.
deposit currency belongs to non convertible banknotes, that is, credit currency and non freely convertible precious metals.
e-currency is a series of settlement systems through electronic information exchange, that is, credit card, e-wallet and debit card, that is, the third generation currency

7. 1. Credit currency: it is a credit tool based on credit activities and can play the role of currency. The forms of credit currency mainly include commercial paper, bank voucher and deposit currency, mainly in the form of bank voucher, bill of exchange, check and so on. Credit currency came into being in the 1930s. Due to the global economic crisis, many countries were forced to break away from the gold standard and silver standard, and the issued paper currency can no longer be exchanged for metal currency, so credit currency came into being

as a general medium of exchange, credit currency needs two conditions: one is people's confidence in this currency; The second is the legislative guarantee of currency issuance. Both are indispensable. At present, credit currency can be divided into the following forms: 1. Its function is to act as a medium for small or sporadic transactions, mostly made of base metals. ② Cash or paper money. Its main function is also to serve as a means of purchasing people's daily necessities. Generally, it is paper money with circulation means, and its issuing right is exclusive to the government or financial institutions< E-money includes bank transaction tools and business composed of credit card and electronic transfer terminal

e-money refers to the stored value and prepaid payment mechanism in the retail payment mechanism, which is implemented between different electronic devices at the sales terminal and on the open network. The so-called stored value refers to the value stored in a physical medium that can be used for payment, such as a smart card. This medium is also known as E-wallet. When the stored value is used, the value can be recovered from it through specific equipment. Prepaid payment mechanism refers to a group of electronic data that can be transmitted and used for payment in a specific software or network, which is usually called digital cash. It is usually composed of a set of binary data streams and digital signatures, which can be used directly on the network. Electronic money procts are mainly designed to replace currency in circulation

it is the same as the traditional currency in essence, function and function. In essence, it is a special commodity that acts as a general equivalent. It has five functions: value scale, means of circulation, means of payment, means of storage and world currency. In addition to these general properties of currency, electronic currency is a kind of "invisible" currency compared with currency, which has many properties that currency does not have: electronic currency transmits and displays cash by electronic pulse instead of paper, and it is processed and stored by microcomputer, without the size, weight and mark of traditional currency; Currency is generally monopolized and issued by the central bank or specific institutions. At present, electronic currency is issued by the central bank, general financial institutions and even non-financial institutions. Traditional currency is legal currency guaranteed by the reputation of the central bank and the state, which is designed, managed and replaced by the monetary authority and is strongly accepted and used, At present, e-money is mostly developed and designed by different institutions, and its guarantee mainly depends on the reputation and assets of the developers themselves. Its use can only be promoted and guided, not forced; In the use of e-money, legal currency should be used to reflect and realize the value of goods and settle the relationship between creditor's rights and debts;

8. Electronic money and credit money are not contradictory and interdependent
credit currency is generally referred to as sovereign currency, which has the credit endorsement of the country. Electronic currency can be the digitalization of sovereign currency, and there is no difference in fact. Of course, there are bitcoin, Ruitai coin, vitality coin, Wright coin and other currencies without government credit endorsement. These currencies rely on a trust relationship between people.

9. You are right. The physical currency is gold (there have been shells and silk in History). The electronic currency refers to credit card. The credit currency is all kinds of paper money in your hand, RMB, US dollar, pound sterling
let me explain briefly: physical currency refers to the value of goods as money = the value of goods as money. The value of 1kg gold will not change whether it is used as currency or goods. Credit currency is not the case. Ten thousand dollars is ten thousand dollars as currency, and making goods is a stack of paper. How much is it worth? But with the credit given by the government, everyone thinks that this stack of paper is worth $10000
not to mention electronic currency, virtual non physical currency
alternative currency is also paper money (and copper), but it can be directly exchanged for precious metals. That's how the dollar was before 1946. Now we can't exchange gold directly, it becomes credit currency.