Virtual currency virtual commodity

1.

virtual currency is the currency used for electronic circulation. Now the scope of virtual currency is very large, including q-coin, bitcoin and so on. With the development of digital currency, virtual currency is becoming more and more abundant, which may become the mainstream in the future. For example, BTC, EOS, bcbot and so on are not only virtual currencies, but also algorithms, landing projects and technologies

virtual currency is mainly issued by online game service providers to purchase game props, such as equipment, clothing, etc. But at present, the use of virtual currency has gone far beyond this category. Virtual currency can be used to buy game cards, physical objects and download services of some movies and software

extended data:

real risk

as the proct of e-commerce, virtual currency has begun to play an increasingly important role, and it is more and more connected with the real world. However, with the growth of virtual currency, the relevant laws and regulations are lagging behind, which has laid many hidden dangers

fraud

the private transaction of online virtual currency has realized the two-way circulation between virtual currency and RMB to a certain extent. The activity of these traders is to buy all kinds of virtual currencies and procts at a low price, and then sell them at a high price to earn profits. With the increase of such transactions, there are even virtual mints. In addition to the virtual currency provided by the main company, there are also some people who specialize in "virtual coin making" to obtain virtual currency by playing games and then resell it to other players

Taking Wenzhou as an example, there are about seven or eight such "virtual mints" with four or five hundred practitioners. This not only creates a bubble for the price of the virtual currency itself, but also causes trouble for the normal sale of the issuing company. It also provides a platform for selling and collecting money and money laundering for various cyber crimes. p>

impact system

in modern financial system, the issuers of money are generally central banks, which are responsible for the management and supervision of money operation. As the equivalent exchange goods used to replace the real currency circulation on the Internet, the virtual currency on the Internet is essentially the same as the real currency. The difference is that the issuers are no longer central banks, but Internet companies

if the development of virtual currency makes it form a unified market, each company can exchange with each other, or virtual currency is integrated and unified, and all of them are based on the same standard and price, then in a sense, virtual currency is currency, which is likely to form a threat impact on the traditional financial system or economic operation

reference: network virtual currency

2. Commodity is the proct of labor for exchange. Basic attribute value: the value of commodity is the undifferentiated human labor condensed in commodity. Use value: that is, the property that goods can meet people's needs

virtual currency and goods in the network are labor procts used for exchange in the virtual world, but they can not be used as goods in real life. However, if the goods in online games are exchanged with q-coin and q-coin is exchanged with real money in real life, then the goods in online games condense human labor and have value, It's a commodity.

3. To a certain extent, virtual currency can be exchanged and traded in the form of RMB... Compared with Q currency and other online game currencies... But the premise is that it needs to be paid in RMB... So virtual currency is only a form of online payment of RMB... Today, it is still difficult to use it as RMB
virtual currency is a kind of currency that has value but can't be directly exchanged for real goods Therefore, virtual currency is not a commodity.

4. It is not a real currency, but an electronic currency, which cannot be accepted by the financial society. The concept of bitcoin, which can be regarded as a virtual commodity,
was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's ideas, open source software was designed and released, and P2P network was built on it. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million
compared with fiat money, bitcoin does not have a centralized issuer, but is generated by the calculation of network nodes. Anyone can participate in the manufacture of bitcoin, and it can circulate all over the world. It can be bought and sold on any computer connected to the Internet. No matter where they are, anyone can dig, buy, sell or collect bitcoin, And in the transaction process, foreigners can not identify the user's identity information
bitcoin is a kind of network virtual currency with limited quantity, but it can be used to cash out: it can be converted into the currency of most countries. You can use bitcoin to buy some virtual items, such as clothes, hats, equipment, etc. in online games. As long as someone accepts it, you can also use bitcoin to buy real-life items.

5.

As early as 2013, the central bank and other five ministries and commissions issued a document clearly defining bitcoin as a specific virtual commodity. According to relevant regulations, financial institutions and Payment institutions are not allowed to carry out the exchange services between bitcoin and RMB or foreign currency

in view of this, on August 30, China Internet Finance Association took the lead in issuing risk tips for ICO (i.e., the first issue of token, the raising of bitcoin, Ethereum and other general digital currencies in blockchain projects). On September 4, the central bank and other seven departments issued a document calling for the suspension of all kinds of token issuance and financing. On September 13, the China Internet Finance Association issued a reminder on the virtual currency trading platform and market risk. On the evening of September 15, huocoin confirmed that it had officially received the notice and guidance from the regulatory authorities, requiring it to clean up and rectify the virtual currency transactions

6. It's not a real thing. It's sold on the Internet.. At present, virtual goods mainly include the following categories: 1. Online game card, online game equipment, QQ number, QQ currency, etc; 2. Mobile / Unicom / PHS recharge card; 3. IP card / Internet phone / software serial number; 4. Online shop decoration / image storage space, etc. 5. E-books, network software
are non substantive things, but they still belong to the category of traded goods

virtual goods are goods that have no physical nature and cannot be selected for logistics transportation by default when they are published online. Virtual goods or virtual social services that can be traded by virtual currency or real currency
commodities include physical commodities and virtual commodities, and virtual commodities include digital commodities and non digital commodities. Virtual goods refer to the digital procts and services in the e-commerce market (especially the digital procts and services that can be used by downloading or online). They have no physical nature. They are the virtual goods or virtual social services that can be bought and sold by virtual currency or real currency. Virtual commodities mainly include computer software, stock market and financial information, news, books, magazines, music videos, TV programs, search, virtual virtual virtual machine, virtual cloud disk, virtual CD-ROM drive, APP virtual applications, virtual commodities, some procts and online services in online games

virtual goods are goods that have no physical nature and cannot be selected for logistics transportation by default when they are published online. Virtual goods or virtual social services that can be traded by virtual currency or real currency
virtual goods refer to the digital procts and services in the e-commerce market (especially the digital procts and services that can be used by download or online), which have no physical nature. They are the virtual goods or virtual social services that can be traded by virtual currency or real currency and cannot be selected for Logistics transportation by default when they are published online. Virtual commodities mainly include computer software, stock market and financial information, news, books, magazines, music videos, TV programs, search, online games and online services< The physical characteristics of virtual commodities are as follows: (1) virtual commodities are not easy to be destroyed 2) Virtual commodity is the most typical experience proct with high content of knowledge. It provides useful knowledge and information to consumers. Its form is invisible and cannot be observed and touched 3) The content can be changed 4) It is reprocible and its marginal cost is almost zero 5) It has the advantage of speed
the economic characteristics of virtual goods: (1) virtual procts are generally procts with high sunk cost and low marginal cost 2) Non exclusive 3) It is easy to be customized and personalized, which leads to economies of scope in virtual proct market 4) Timeliness 5) It has network externality (its value depends on the number of users using virtual goods)
types
at present, virtual commodities mainly include the following categories:
1. Online game cards, online game equipment, QQ number, QQ currency, etc
2. Mobile / Unicom / telecom / PHS recharge card
3. IP card / Internet phone / software serial number
4. Online shop decoration / image storage space, etc
5. E-books, network software (such as Android mobile phone software, Skype language list software, etc.)
6. Auxiliary forum function procts, etc.
7. Website procts (including domain name, virtual space, website, search service, etc.)
standard editing
the key strategy is to popularize virtual commodity knowledge, promote virtual commodity consumption concept, and improve the transparency of virtual commodity sales. In sales, we should fully explain the virtual nature of virtual goods, that is, its non authenticity, objectively evaluate the function of virtual goods, and guide consumers to set their consumption expectations at an appropriate and reasonable level. For the country and society, it is necessary and urgent to build the norms of virtual commodity market and introce a series of laws, regulations and systems to guide the healthy development of this kind of market.

8.

The essence of money is the general equivalent. In the process of the continuous development and evolution of human history, it has gone through the stage of physical money, the stage of substitute money, and then entered the stage of credit money. In primitive society, people exchanged livestock, salt, shells and other hard to get goods as general equivalents

in the long history, the emergence of metal currency makes the economic life achieve unprecedented prosperity. However, e to the inconvenience of carrying metal money, paper money became the mainstream form of money. With the rapid development of modern information technology, e-money has come into our life

if the evolution process from physical money to value symbol paper money is the first qualitative leap in the history of money development, then the evolution process from paper money to electronic money is the second qualitative leap in the history of money development

from the perspective of money form, physical money itself is a commodity in addition to performing monetary functions; Paper money is a symbolic tool of value for commodity exchange and a credit currency; Electronic currency is the proct of highly developed Internet economy and continuous progress of bank payment and settlement technology. It not only has the function of traditional currency, but also can continuously improve digital currency

At the same time, the virtual money market based on electronic information is also booming. By the end of 2014, the number of Internet users in China had reached 632 million, including 517 million registered users in the online game market and 114.48 billion yuan of sales revenue, an actual increase of 37.7% over the previous year

a huge virtual space based on the Internet has been formally formed. As a kind of virtual currency with intrinsic value, convenient online trading behavior, low transaction cost, and service providers' issuance, it emerges as the times require

first of all, from the functional analysis. Virtual currency is a kind of transaction medium in the Internet virtual space, which has the function of value scale, but the value scale of virtual currency is different from that of legal currency

using virtual currency to purchase virtual procts and services can only be within the scope specified and allowed by the issuer of virtual currency (Internet operator), and the size of this scope depends on the number of virtual procts and services. If the virtual procts and services provided by the website are large enough, the scope of virtual currency will be large

the currency value of virtual currency depends on the pricing of virtual currency by issuers. When no currency can communicate between virtual cyberspace and reality, the pricing of procts and services is still based on real RMB. That is to say, when issuers of virtual currency price their own virtual currency, they should first convert the price of virtual currency based on RMB

9. Top 10 in the list of Qualcomm snapdragon processors: snapdragon 888

1. Process: it is equipped with the latest generation of 5nm manufacturing process to bring the strongest processor performance to users. The 5nm manufacturing process brings the most top technology, cost and functional performance requirements

2. Core: the three cluster architecture of super core + big core + small core is used, in which the super core is cortex x1, the big core is cortex A78, and the small core is cortex A55

3. Experience: Super core cortex-x1 has 1MB L2 cache, while A78 has 256Kb L2 cache, which can give you better performance experience,

brings the strongest architecture for users at present, with A78 20% higher in performance and machine learning 100% higher in performance

4. Optimization: for game optimization, provide users with variable coloring rate, It can improve the performance by 30%

5. Other aspects: for other aspects of the game, 144hz high refresh rate / high frame rate, true 10 bit HDR, surreal enhanced image quality, fast mixing,

GPU driver update, Xbox cloud / Google stadia / Amazon Luna cloud game, etc<

second place: snapdragon 870

1. Process: 1 * 3.19ghz + 3 * 2.42ghz + 4 * 1.8GHz eight core configuration,

2. Architecture: one large core and three medium cores adopt a77 architecture, and four small cores adopt a550 +

3. Other aspects: the GPU of snapdragon 870 is the frequency upgraded adreno650, and the baseband is still x55 modem< GPU: the performance of the new generation kryo 585 CPU is improved by 25%, and the overall performance of the new Adreno 650 GPU is also improved by 25% compared with the previous generation platform

5. Experience: it brings 7Nm proction technology, which brings the best mobile phone performance experience for users

6. Pixel: 1 billion pixel high-speed ISP, processing speed up to 2 billion pixels per second, supporting new shooting features and functions

7. Video: users can take 4K HDR video with 1 billion colors, 8K video or capture photos up to 200 million pixels<

third place: snapdragon 865

1. CPU: new kryo 585 architecture, up to 2.84ghz

2. GPU: with Adreno 650, the performance is 25% higher than that of snapdragon 855

3. With snapdragon x55 5g baseband, it can support up to 7.5gbps download speed and WiFi 6 protocol

4. It adopts the fifth generation AI engine and supports the computing power of 15 tops

5. It supports lpddr5 memory, 144hz screen refresh rate, 200 megapixel camera, 8K 30 frame video recording and 960 frame slow motion shooting

6. The main frequency of CPU is consistent with snapdragon 855. The new cortex-a77 architecture should have about 20% performance improvement according to the official data of arm

7. GPU is 25% higher than snapdragon 855, and the overall performance is 20% higher. Lpddr5 memory is also a bonus

fourth place: snapdragon 855 +

1. Both snapdragon 855 and snapdragon 855 + CPU adopt the same architecture kyro485. The difference is that their large core frequency is different. The large core frequency of 855 + is 2.96ghz higher than that of 855< In terms of GPU, 855 and 855 + are both adreno640, but their frequencies are also different. The frequency of 855 + is 672mhz, while that of 855 + is only 585mhz. The graphics ability of 855 + is 15% higher than that of 855

3. The same 7Nm process, both of them adopt the 1 + 3 + 4 8-core design. Except for the different frequencies of the large cores, the frequencies of the other 7 small cores remain unchanged< So in theory, snapdragon 855 + has stronger mononuclear ability

5. The iqoo equipped with Xiaolong 85 and Nubia z20 equipped with Xiaolong 855plus are compared. According to the running points, the actual performance of Xiaolong 855 + is more than that of Xiaolong 855 in both single core and multi-core performance. The actual performance of 855 + is still better than that of 855

fifth place: Xiaolong 855

1 CPU: the memory delay is higher than that of the Kirin 980, but the overall performance of the CPU is still slightly higher than that of the Kirin 980. The performance of specint2006 is 51% higher than that of the 845, and the CPU energy efficiency ratio is 39% higher than that of the 845. In specfp2006, it is 61% higher than that of the 845, and it is 4% and 9% higher than that of the Kirin 980. Although the highest core reaches 2.85ghz, the energy efficiency is still excellent

2. AI: after the blessing of hexagon 690, compared with 845, AI performance has been greatly improved, which is about 2.5-3 times that of 845

3 and application: it is not awesome in terms of system application performance, stronger than 845, but weaker than 980, official expression may be the relationship of scheling on the engineering machine, and the official commercial equipment will be improved. GPU: the peak performance of Adreno 640 GPU is still far behind A12, but the energy efficiency ratio is good. The average power consumption of off screen rendering of gfxbench3.1 is 4.44w. In terms of energy efficiency, the peak state of A12 is 17.36fps/w, the down frequency state is 20.18fps/w, 855 is 16.05fps/w, 845 is 11.99fps/w, 980 is 11.93fps/w, and the overall energy efficiency ratio is 30% higher than 845<

sixth place: snapdragon 845

1. Snapdragon 845 still adopts eight cores of 10nm process, which is the most advanced technology in the market. Compared with snapdragon 835, it has made improvements in both large and small cores. The four cores are A75 architecture and the four small cores are A55 architecture

2. At the same time, snapdragon 845 introces a new security processing unit SPU, while GPU adopts Adreno 630, which improves the overall efficiency by 25% - 30% compared with Adreno 540 of snapdragon 835

3. Snapdragon 845 is equipped with 5g frequency regulator; In terms of overall performance, 845 is 20% - 25% better than 835

4. Snapdragon 845 supports Gigabit LTE connection through X20 LTE modem, and supports 2x2 al channel Wi Fi and 4x4 MIMO technology, providing more stable and faster network connection for players<

seventh place: snapdragon 730g

1. The multi-core performance of snapdragon 730g processor is not as good as that of snapdragon 845 processor, and the single core performance is better than that of snapdragon 845 processor. Each processor has its own victory or defeat

2. Snapdragon 730g has built-in CPU with kryo470 architecture, which is built by instry-leading 8nm process technology

3. Snapdragon 730g integrates frequency enhanced adreno618gpu, which makes its graphics processing performance 25% higher than snapdragon 710 and graphics rendering speed 15% higher than snapdragon 730. The g of snapdragon 730g refers to game

4. The snapdragon 730g also supports some of the snapdragon elitegaming functions, which can bring more amazing game screen effects

5. Snapdragon 730g also supports qcommaqstic audio technology, which can bring clear and smooth surround sound<

eighth place: snapdragon 730 AIE

1. 730 has surpassed 835 as a whole. If the price control is in place, it will be a god u, which can replace 835 in all aspects. 730 Angou has exceeded 835

2. Snapdragon 730 chip is made by 8nm process. According to Angou's running score test, Lenovo Z6's running score is as high as 200000, And Master Lu's running score is 250000

3. Xiaolong 730g is equipped with the enhanced version of Adreno 618 GPU (supporting Vulkan version 1.1), and its performance is 15% higher than the ordinary version of Xiaolong 730

4. With the support of the new A76 architecture, the CPU performance of snapdragon 730g has caught up with that of snapdragon 845 with only two A76 cores, and the daily application experience is very smooth

5. The CPU frequency of snapdragon 730g is 2.4GHz, and the GPU frequency is 825mhz; The main CPU frequency of snapdragon 730 is 2.2GHz, and the main CPU frequency is 700MHz. This means that the CPU and GPU frequency of snapdragon 730g is higher than that of snapdragon 730<

No.9: snapdragon 765G

1. Compared with the previous generation snapdragon 730 processor, the main frequency of snapdragon 765G is increased to 2.4GHz, adopting the architecture of 1 * kryo 475 prime (2.3 / 2.4GHz) + 1 * kryo 475 gold (2.2GHz) + 6 * kryo 475 silver (1.8GHz)

2. The processor adopts the 7Nm EUV process manufactured by Samsung, which reces the power consumption by 35% compared with the 8nm snapdragon 730. The GPU is upgraded to the Adreno 620

3. Snapdragon 765G supports up to 192mp pixels, single shot 3600W pixels and zero delay shooting, which is equivalent to the previous generation's level. It supports Bluetooth 5.0, WiFi 6 and 120Hz refresh rates, and AI 5.5tops

4. The most important feature of snapdragon 765G is that it integrates snapdragon x525g baseband and and supports SA / NSA al-mode networking. Its theoretical maximum peak download rate is as high as 3.7 Gbps and upload rate is 1.6 Gbps. At the same time, it also supports 5g millimeter wave, band below 6GHz, global 5g roaming, WiFi 6 and other features<

No.10: snapdragon 765

1. Snapdragon 765 adopts kryo 475 CPU, with a maximum dominant frequency of 2.3ghz; The Adreno 620 GPU is 20% faster than the previous generation< 2. The fifth generation AI engine adopts hexagon 696 tensor processor; Spectrum 355 ISP supports up to 192 megapixel camera, 480fps 720p slow motion video capture and 4K HDR video capture capability

3. Built in X52 modem, it supports millimeter wave, TDD and FDD band below 6GHz, and can achieve 3.7 Gbps download peak and 1.6 Gbps upload peak.