The essential attribute of virtual currency
virtual currency is the currency used for electronic circulation. Now the scope of virtual currency is very large, including q-coin, bitcoin and so on. With the development of digital currency, virtual currency is becoming more and more abundant, which may become the mainstream in the future. For example, BTC, EOS, bcbot and so on are not only virtual currencies, but also algorithms, landing projects and technologies
virtual currency is mainly issued by online game service providers to purchase game props, such as equipment, clothing, etc. But at present, the use of virtual currency has gone far beyond this category. Virtual currency can be used to buy game cards, physical objects and download services of some movies and software
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real risk
as the proct of e-commerce, virtual currency has begun to play an increasingly important role, and it is more and more connected with the real world. However, with the growth of virtual currency, the relevant laws and regulations are lagging behind, which has laid many hidden dangers
fraud
the private transaction of online virtual currency has realized the two-way circulation between virtual currency and RMB to a certain extent. The activity of these traders is to buy all kinds of virtual currencies and procts at a low price, and then sell them at a high price to earn profits. With the increase of such transactions, there are even virtual mints. In addition to the virtual currency provided by the main company, there are also some people who specialize in "virtual coin making" to obtain virtual currency by playing games and then resell it to other players
Taking Wenzhou as an example, there are about seven or eight such "virtual mints" with four or five hundred practitioners. This not only creates a bubble for the price of the virtual currency itself, but also causes trouble for the normal sale of the issuing company. It also provides a platform for selling and collecting money and money laundering for various cyber crimes. p>
impact system
in modern financial system, the issuers of money are generally central banks, which are responsible for the management and supervision of money operation. As the equivalent exchange goods used to replace the real currency circulation on the Internet, the virtual currency on the Internet is essentially the same as the real currency. The difference is that the issuers are no longer central banks, but Internet companies
if the development of virtual currency makes it form a unified market, each company can exchange with each other, or virtual currency is integrated and unified, and all of them are based on the same standard and price, then in a sense, virtual currency is currency, which is likely to form a threat impact on the traditional financial system or economic operation
reference: network virtual currency
digital currency is an index character RMB, which is a legal encrypted digital currency. It is not only a payment tool, but also a currency. It is essentially different from Alipay and WeChat payment. P> Alipay, WeChat payment and mobile phone banks are all electronic money, is not digital money. These are all payment methods based on electronic accounts, which are in essence just a process of informatization of legal currency, not digital currency in a strict sense. Moreover, it is completely different from q-coin and bitcoin commonly referred to as q-coin and bitcoin, all belong to virtual currency. Compared with digital currency, the most fundamental difference lies in the difference of issuers virtual currency is the electronization of illegal currency, the issuer is not the central bank, and it can only circulate in a specific virtual environment, such as online game currency, which is mainly used for the purchase of virtual goods, but generally does not have security, so virtual trading platforms, such as smart star Witkey, XX one, XX eight, etc., are designed to provide secure trading protection. Digital currency can be used for real goods and services transactions, but only the digital currency issued by the state is legal digital currency, bitcoin is illegal digital currency
In terms of currency attribute, although bitcoin is a kind of virtual currency with no issuer, it is recognized as worthless currency in reality. Nowadays, many countries restrict its circulation, so many people do not understand it. But it does have a monetary attribute, not only that, it also has an asset attribute
the reason why many countries do not recognize bitcoin as a currency in circulation is that it has too much room for imagination and is not easy to control at the national level. Although it is more convenient, it is more abstract and naturally "shut out" by many countries. However, some countries, such as Japan, recognize bitcoin and digital currency as digital equivalent, and there are many payment application examples in Japan although it is difficult to reach a consensus on a global scale, Japan's behavior also shows that bitcoin has monetary attributes to a certain extent strong>
SOC, or SOC, is an abbreviation, including the meaning:
1, SOC: the abbreviation of system on chip, known as the chip level system, also known as the system on chip, which means that it is a proct, is an integrated circuit with a specific target, which contains the whole content of the complete system and embedded software
SOC is the abbreviation of security operations center, which belongs to the security operation center in the field of information security3. Civil aviation SOC: the abbreviation of system operations center, which refers to the command and control system in the field of civil aviation
One is service oriented computing, and the Chinese name of SOC (signal operation control) is signal operation controllerthe technology it adopts is a mature technology which is widely used in the instrial field, but it is not a simple stack of existing technologies. It is to package, interface and integrate many practical technologies to form a new integrated controller, which can be completed by one controller, which is called SOC
SOC (start of conversion), start of conversion7, short open calibration
< H2 > extended data: there are many definitions of
SOC. Because of its rich connotation and wide application range, it is difficult to give an accurate definition. Generally speaking, SOC is called system on chip, or system on chip, which means that it is a proct, an integrated circuit with special purpose, which contains a complete system and all the contents of embedded software
at the same time, it is also a kind of technology, which is used to realize the whole process from the determination of system functions to the division of software / hardware, and to complete the design
System on chip (SOC). In a narrow sense, it is the core chip integration of information system, which integrates the key components of the system on one chip; In a broad sense, SOC is a micro system. If CPU is brain, SOC is a system including brain, heart, eyes and handsthe academic circles at home and abroad generally tend to define SOC as the integration of microprocessor, analog IP core, digital IP core and memory (or off chip memory control interface) on a single chip, which is usually customized or standard proct for specific purposes
The basic content ofSOC definition is mainly in two aspects: one is its composition, the other is its formation process
system level chip can be composed of system level chip control logic mole, microprocessor / microcontroller CPU core mole, digital signal processor DSP mole, embedded memory mole, interface mole for external communication, analog front-end mole with ADC / DAC, power supply and power management mole
for a Wireless SoC, there are RF front-end mole, user-defined logic (it can be implemented by FPGA or ASIC) and microelectromechanical mole. More importantly, a SoC chip is embedded with basic software (RDOs or COS and other application software) mole or loadable user software. System level chip formation or generation process includes the following three aspects:
1, hardware and software co design and verification based on monolithic integrated system
2. The utilization of logical area technology and the proportion of proction capacity are effectively improved, that is, the IP core generation and reuse technology is developed and studied, especially the repeated application of large capacity storage mole embedding
3. Design theory and technology of ultra deep submicron (VDSM) and nano integrated circuits
Key Technologies of SoC Design:
the key technologies of SOC mainly include bus architecture technology, IP core reusability technology, hardware and software co design technology, SoC verification technology, design for testability technology, low power design technology, ultra deep submicron circuit implementation technology, embedded software transplantation and development research, which is a new interdisciplinary research field
< H2 > reference materials: Network SOC (system on chip)
Currency CCY (currency) is essentially a contract between the owner and the market about the right of exchange, which is essentially an agreement between the owners
The main currency is divided into four categories: non American + European + American: the focus is on the political and economic situation of Europe and the United States Non US currencies: Europe, pound, Switzerland, Australia, Canada and Japan. The focus of the market is on the political and economic situation in the United StatesEuropean currencies: Europe, pound and Switzerland. When the market focus is on the political and economic situation in Europe (recent European debt), it tends to be consistent
US currencies: US, Canada and pound. It is closely related to the economy and politics of the United States. When the US dollar is strong, there is often a strong cross between Canada and the pound
Second, risk + risk aversion: focus on the global investor sentiment is high or low Risk currencies: Euro, pound and Australia. Global investors are consistently bullish when sentiment is high, corresponding to safe haven currenciessafe haven currencies: the United States, Switzerland and Japan. Global investors are consistently bullish when they are depressed, corresponding to risky currencies
Low interest rate + high interest rate: the focus is on the interest rate spread Low interest currencies: Japan and the United States. When the market focuses on the interest rate spread, the trend of high interest rate currencies is consistent High interest currency: Australia. Commodity + Gold: closely related to commodity market and gold trend Commodity currency: Australia and Canada. It is closely related to commodity prices, in which gold affects the Australian dollar and crude oil affects the Canadian dollargold currency: Australia and Switzerland. Australia is rich in gold, and the Swiss franc is the highest gold content in mainstream paper currency
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in essence, money is the contract of exchange right between owners, and different forms of money are unified in essence. In the past, e to people's unclear understanding of the nature of money, people mistakenly divided money into different categories from different angles, such as debt money and non debt money according to the commodity value of money; According to whether the exchange ratio of precious metals is agreed, it can be divided into convertible currency and non convertible currency
In terms of form, money can be divided into physical money and formal money according to the commodity value of money. Physical money itself is a kind of special commodity, including the amount of value, such as sheep, precious metals, etc; The formal currency itself has no value, its value is contractual, only contractual value. The two forms are different, but they are unified in essence, that is, they are both agreed as the medium of exchange, and both have contractual value. The purchasing power of money depends on the contract value of money, but the purchasing power of physical money is also affected by its own commodity value. Generally, the commodity value of physical money is less than its contract value as moneycoins
coins are small denominations. It's copper, aluminum or nickel
paper money
paper money is a kind of legal tender. Legal currency is the currency that the government forces to circulate. The basic power of issuing banknotes is owned by the government and controlled by the central bank. The sum of notes and coins is called currency or cash
money is different from commodity, but it is also commodity. There is no doubt that both are unified in commodity and have value
someone on the floor said that paper money is not money, but legal tender, which is realized by replacing metal currency with legal force.