Virtual currency of economic law

1. Don't say big God, big God also can't satisfy your request
there is no virtual currency economic law invented by you, so there is no complete book. Of course, you can make it up yourself.

2. 1. The total amount of the initial capital contribution of the investor conforms to the relevant provisions of the company law< According to Article 26 of the company law of China, the initial capital contribution of all shareholders of a limited liability company shall not be less than 20% of the registered capital, nor less than the statutory minimum amount of registered capital
the article also stipulates that "the minimum amount of registered capital of a limited liability company is RMB 30000."<

the first capital contribution of the shareholders in this case is as follows:
A: 1.1 million yuan of computer software + 200000 yuan of currency = 1.3 million yuan
b: 1.5 million yuan is paid in one time within six months, assuming that he has not paid a cent on the date of the establishment of the company, 0 yuan
C: currency 900000 yuan
total: 1.3 million yuan + 0 yuan + 900000 yuan = 2.2 million yuan
the initial capital contribution is higher than 20% of the company's registered capital (1.2 million yuan), and it is not lower than the legal minimum amount of registered capital

......
2. The total amount of monetary capital contribution of the company's investors conforms to the relevant provisions of the company law< Article 27 of the company law stipulates that the amount of capital contribution in currency of all shareholders shall not be less than 30% of the registered capital of a limited liability company. The amount of monetary contribution in this case is RMB 700000 for a and RMB 2.7 million for C, totaling RMB 3.4 million, which is higher than 30% of the registered capital of the company (RMB 2 million)< 3. Party A's contribution by means of computer software and Party B's contribution by means of franchise rights meet the relevant provisions
Article 27 of the company law: shareholders can make capital contributions in currency, or in kind, intellectual property, land use rights and other non monetary assets that can be valued in currency and transferred according to law; However, the property that cannot be used as capital contribution according to laws and administrative regulations is excluded
of course, it is also possible that the franchise right of Party B is not transferable, but the case itself does not explain it< 4. If the company is an investment company, the time for Party A, Party B and Party C to pay the capital contribution in installments shall comply with the relevant provisions of the company law. If the company is not an investment company, only Party A and Party B pay the capital contribution in installments in accordance with the relevant provisions of the company law, and Party C's payment time beyond two years does not comply with the provisions of the company law< Article 26 of the company law stipulates that the registered capital of a limited liability company is the amount of capital contribution subscribed by all shareholders registered with the company registration authority. The initial capital contribution of all shareholders of the company shall not be less than 20% of the registered capital, nor less than the statutory minimum amount of registered capital, and the rest shall be paid in full by the shareholders within two years from the date of establishment of the company; Among them, the investment company can pay in full within five years.

3. 1. In accordance with the law. Because the establishment of a limited liability company should be funded by less than 50 shareholders
2. The minimum registered capital of a limited liability company shall be 30000 yuan, and the initial capital contribution shall not be less than 20% of the registered capital
3. Because a's currency contribution is not in place. The amount of capital contribution in currency of all shareholders shall not be less than 30% of the registered capital of the limited liability company; If the capital contribution is made in non currency, the proceres for the transfer of property rights shall be handled in accordance with the law
4. If a shareholder fails to pay the capital contribution in accordance with the provisions, he shall be liable for breach of contract to the shareholders who have paid the capital contribution in full and on schele, in addition to paying the company in full
5. It is not in accordance with the law that the chairman of the board of directors concurrently serves as the supervisor. The executive and supervisory bodies should be set up separately.

4. 1、< Company Law & gt; Article 75 for the establishment of a joint stock limited company, there shall be at least five promoters, and more than half of the promoters shall have domiciles in China
there are only two legal persons in this case, which is inconsistent
in the second paragraph, if a state-owned enterprise is transformed into a joint stock limited company, the number of promoters may be less than five, but it shall be set up by raising funds. In this case, it is not a reconstruction of a state-owned enterprise, so it is not applicable
2. Initiating establishment refers to the establishment of a company by the sponsors subscribing for all the shares to be issued by the company< In accordance with Article 82 of the company law, if a company limited by shares is established by way of initiation, the promoters shall pay the full amount of the shares immediately after they have fully subscribed to the shares issued in accordance with the articles of association; Where the cash is paid in kind, instrial property right, non patented technology or land use right, the proceres for the transfer of the property right shall be handled in accordance with the law
Article 94 the board of directors shall submit the following documents to the company registration authority within 30 days after the conclusion of the founding meeting to apply for establishment registration:
(1) approval documents from relevant competent authorities< (2) minutes of the founding meeting< (3) articles of Association< (4) the financial audit report of the preparatory company< (5) capital verification certificate< (6) names and domiciles of members of the board of directors and the board of supervisors< (7) the name and address of the legal representative
after the sponsors have paid all the capital contributions, they should elect the board of directors and the board of supervisors, and the board of directors should submit the approval documents, articles of association, capital verification certificate and other documents to the company registration authority to apply for establishment registration
3; The patent investment of company B is higher than 20% of the total investment of the joint stock limited company, which does not meet the requirements; The branch does not have the legal personality; The capital contribution shall be withdrawn after three years of establishment.

5. Choose B to quote the relevant
provisions of the
Company Law
to show you: labor services can not be used as the capital contribution of a
limited liability company. According to Article 27 of the company law,
shareholders can make capital contribution in currency, or in kind, intellectual property,
land use rights and other non monetary properties that can be valued in currency and transferred according to law; However, the property that cannot be used as capital contribution is excluded according to laws and administrative regulations. Therefore, labor service can not be used as the capital contribution of a limited liability company<

Article 26 the
registered capital of a limited liability company is the capital contribution of all shareholders registered with the company registration authority. The initial capital contribution of all shareholders of the company shall not be less than 20% of the registered capital, nor less than the statutory minimum amount of registered capital, and the rest shall be paid by the shareholders within two years from the date of establishment of the company; Among them, the investment company can pay in full within five years< The minimum amount of registered capital of a limited liability company is RMB 30000. Where laws and administrative regulations have higher provisions on the minimum amount of registered capital of a limited liability company, such provisions shall prevail<

Article 27
shareholders can make capital contribution in currency, or in kind, intellectual property, land use right and other non monetary property that can be valued in currency and transferred according to law; However, the property that cannot be used as capital contribution according to laws and administrative regulations is excluded

the value of non monetary property as capital contribution shall be evaluated and verified, and the value shall not be overestimated or underestimated. Where there are provisions in laws and administrative regulations on valuation, such provisions shall prevail<

the monetary contribution of all shareholders shall not be less than 30% of the registered capital of the limited liability company<

Article 28
shareholders shall pay in full and on time the amount of capital contribution they have subscribed as stipulated in the articles of association. If the shareholders make capital contribution in currency, they shall deposit the full amount of the capital contribution in the bank account opened by the limited liability company; If the capital contribution is made with non monetary property, the transfer proceres of its
property rights shall be handled in accordance with the law

If a shareholder fails to pay his capital contribution in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, he shall not only pay in full to the company, but also be liable for breach of contract to the shareholder who has paid in full on schele<

Article 29
after the shareholders pay their capital contribution, they must be verified by a legally established capital verification agency and issue a certificate<

Article 30 after the initial capital contribution of shareholders is verified by a legally established capital verification institution, the representative designated by all shareholders or the agent jointly entrusted by all shareholders shall submit the company registration application, articles of association, capital verification certificate and other documents to the company registration authority to apply for establishment registration

Article 31 after the establishment of a limited liability company, if it is found that the actual value of the non monetary property contributed by the company is significantly lower than the fixed value in the articles of association, the shareholder who has contributed the capital shall make up the difference; Other shareholders of the company at the time of establishment shall be jointly and severally liable.

6. (1) in terms of the form of law, economic law is the general term of a series of single economic legal norms, which is a kind of law with comprehensive characteristics. (2) in terms of legal content, economic law is more closely related to social economy and more directly related to economic foundation, Economic law is a kind of law with economic characteristics. (3) in terms of the particularity of the object of adjustment, economic law is closely related to science and technology and natural laws, and it is a kind of law with beneficial characteristics. (4) in terms of the function and function of economic law, economic law has two obvious functions: Restrictive and promotive, The combination of punishment and reward is a guiding law
(5) in terms of implementation, the implementation of economic law is jointly responsible by the national economic administrative department and the judicial department, and follows the principles of combining economic justice with economic legislation, combining substantive law with proceral law, and combining reward with punishment.

7. When the Chinese investor makes contribution in RMB, the foreign investor can only make contribution in foreign currency, not in RMB. According to the detailed rules for the implementation of the law of the people's Republic of China on foreign funded enterprises, with the approval of the examination and approval authorities, foreign investors may also use the RMB profits of other foreign-funded enterprises established within the territory of China.

8. The people's Bank of China graate department annual professional examination questions Daokou annual examination questions (including 2004) [transfer] Daokou annual examination questions the people's Bank of China 96 comprehensive examination questions 1. Short answer questions (5 points for each question, 50 points in total) 1. Subject of economic and legal relations 2. What are the legal characteristics of contracts 3. Concepts and relationships of assets, liabilities and shareholders' rights and interests 4 What is the price elasticity of demand? Request the demand elasticity of y = ax. 6. What is value added tax? Does the tax belong to the central government or the local government? 7. Financial leasing 8. The principle of "national treatment" in GATT 9. The definition of derivative financial instruments 10. The time value of money 2. Brief questions (10 points for each sub question, 50 points in total) 1. Explain the relationship between several accounts in SNA 2. A party deposits 2000 yuan in the bank in cash, and sets the legal deposit reserve rate at 10%, In the case of full derivation and no consideration of cash leakage, the following questions are asked: (1) the maximum amount of derivative deposits that can be created by the whole banking system 2) This paper gives the balance sheet of the whole banking system before the creation of derivative deposits (i.e. just accepting cash deposits) and after the creation of the largest amount of derivative deposits At present, it is the main way to narrow the income distribution gap between the East and the West. 97 test question 1, short answer question (5 points for each question, 50 points in total) 1, fixed base development speed and link development speed 2, difference between legal person and legal representative 3, nominal interest rate and real interest rate 4, difference between financial credit and bank credit 5, function of currency 6, article 8 of IMF Agreement 7, effective conditions of economic contract 8, Engel coefficient. 9. According to the law of the people's Bank of China, what is the goal of monetary policy? 10. Prepare the balance sheet of commercial banks based on the following information: (unit: million yuan) capital 25 Cash on hand 5 various deposits 230 various loans 170 other liabilities 10 central bank deposits 30 Treasury bills 40 depositors 20 2. Brief questions (10 points for each sub question, 50 points in total) 1. What is dynamic series? What are the principles of compiling dynamic sequence? 2. Try to explain the limitations of fiscal policy 3. Try to explain the necessity of the transfer of China's rural surplus labor force by using the law of diminishing marginal income 4. Why do we say that real estate will become a new economic growth point in China? 5. Try to analyze the main problems of the reform of state-owned enterprises in China. Comprehensive examination question 1 of the 1998 postgraate entrance examination of the Graate Department of the people's Bank of China, short answer questions (5 points for each question; 1. Moving average method and its advantages and disadvantages; 2. Financial repression; 3. Several forms of economic identical guarantee; 4. Monopolistic competition; 5. The meaning of property ownership in economic law; 6. The purpose of IS-LM analysis; 7. Stock cooperation system; 8. Contractual investment fund; 9. Dirty floating exchange rate; 10. Index futures; 2; 1. The principle of comparative advantage in international trade theory. 2. Why share-holding system is an important form of establishing modern socialist enterprise system? 3. Briefly describe the relationship between life insurance rate and bank interest rate. 4. Why does a country's unstable economic foundation lead to devaluation in an open economy? 5. At the end of an accounting year, the relevant financial status items of a company are shown in the following table: current assets are 9.6 million yuan, including accounts receivable of 380 yuan, inventory of 5.6 million yuan, non current assets of 13.4 million yuan, current liabilities of 9.5 million yuan, long-term liabilities of 10 million yuan, capital of 3.5 million yuan, operating income of 30 million yuan, operating expenses of 28 million yuan and profit of 2 million yuan 2) Current ratio 3) Return on capital 4) Return on capital 5) Accounts receivable turnover rate 6) Operating income and profit margin 7) Profit margin of operating expenditure comprehensive examination question 1 of the Graate Department of the people's Bank of China in 1999: 1. Definition of probability 2. Insurance agent and insurance broker 3. Liquidity trap 4. Business cycle 5. Knowledge economy 6. Main terms of economic contract 7. What is "progressive income tax" 8. Money stock and money flow 9 What is "euro"? 2、 According to the economic contract law, which economic contracts are invalid? 2. According to the general theory of economics, assuming other conditions remain unchanged, this paper tries to analyze: (1) the impact on a country's domestic proction 2) Under the condition of open economy, the impact on a country's capital flow. 3. Try to analyze the significance of the second round of land contract to China's social and economic development The relevant financial data of a company on December 31, 1997 are as follows: sales revenue 3 million yuan, cost of sales 1.2 million yuan, cash 500000 yuan, short-term investment 1 million yuan, long-term investment 600000 yuan, accounts payable 1.3 million yuan, accounts receivable 1.2 million yuan, interest payable 800000 yuan, short-term loan 1.7 million yuan, inventory 1.5 million yuan, other short-term liabilities 1.2 million yuan, long-term loan 900000 yuan, fixed assets (net value) 2.3 million yuan, sales and management According to the above information (1) prepare the company's balance sheet and income statement 2) Calculation of (1) current ratio, (2) asset liability ratio 3) Sales profit 4) Quick ratio. 3、 In 1998, China's Finance issued a large number of treasury bonds to commercial banks to support economic construction. Try to analyze the effect of the policy in economy and finance. 2000 question 1: short answer (5 points for each question, 50 points in total): 1. Special drawing rights 2. Natural unemployment rate 3. Generalized system of preferences 4. Mutual fund 5. Characteristics of Taxation 6. Complete market competition 7. Offer and offer invitation 8. Insurance value and insurance amount 9. Second board market 10. GDP deflator and consumer price index 2. Brief question (10 points for each question), (50 points in total): 1. What are the factors that affect the demand elasticity? 2. Under what circumstances can the parties to the contract terminate the contract? 3. What are the indicators to measure the appropriate level of debt? A brief comment on the scale of China's current national debt 4. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of "debt to equity swap" from the perspective of Commercial Banks 5. An enterprise purchased a communication equipment without installation with a bank deposit of 300000 yuan. The depreciation life of the equipment is 20 years, the net resial value is 4%, and the estimated liquidation cost is 0. Try to use the service life method to calculate the monthly depreciation amount and the monthly depreciation rate of the equipment, and make the accounting entries of depreciation at the time of purchase and in the current month. 2001 question 1: short answer (5 points for each question, 50 points in total): 1. Utility 2. Partial equilibrium and general equilibrium 3. Purchasing power parity 4. Substitution and complementarity 5. Economic function of Finance 6. Reinsurance 7. What are the sub markets of international financial market 8. The concept of loan contract and its main clauses 9. What is the means of currency storage 10. What is commercial bill 2 Brief questions (10 points for each question, 50 points in total): 1. Explain the flow index and stock index of economic activities, and give the mathematical relationship between them. 2. What are the indicators to measure a foreign debt bearing capacity and foreign debt repayment? 3. Try to explain the investment multiplier and what are the preconditions to play the investment multiplier. 4. Briefly analyze the significance of establishing and improving the personal credit system for China's economic development. 5. Some people think that "the development of the western region needs the strong support of bank funds". What's your comment on this view? 6. Please list the main items of assets and liabilities of China's commercial banks, and explain the relationship between assets and liabilities. 7. According to the law of the people's Bank of China, what are the regulations on the management of RMB? 8. What is indirect tax? Please list four types of indirect tax in China. 9. Dynamic analysis, static analysis and comparative static analysis 2. Brief introction (40 points) 1. What principles should commercial banks follow in operation and management according to China's commercial bank law? 2. How to look at the P / E ratio of China's stock market? 3. This paper defines and illustrates consumer surplus and procer surplus, and uses this principle to explain the economic significance of tariff rection in China. 4. What are the financial risks in China? 3、 Discussion (15 points) how do you think to rece state-owned shares in order to maintain the long-term stable development of the capital market? Money and banking in the 1998 postgraate entrance examination of the Graate Department of the people's Bank of China? 2. The financial times publishes the national interbank lending market rate (CHIBOR) every day; How to calculate the announced interest rate? 3. What are the differences between closed-end fund and open-end fund? 4. In banking supervision, which risk weights are generally used to calculate the risk assets of banks? What are the assets with zero risk weight stipulated by the people's Bank of China? 5. What is bill discount? How to calculate discounted cash. 6. Try to list several financial derivatives and primary procts. 7. The basic content and essence of Hong Kong's linked exchange rate system. 8. What is the base currency? What does it include? 2、 The function of investment bank and its role in capital market. 2. On the objectives and principles of financial supervision of the central bank. 3. This paper tries to discuss the purpose of implementing "moderately tight" monetary policy in China, and analyzes the relationship between it and the goal of monetary policy in China. 4. On the meaning and basic content of RMB convertibility under current account. 3、 Since May 1996, China has lowered its interest rate three times. This paper discusses the theoretical and policy significance of these three interest rate rections. 2 The possible impact of the Asian financial crisis on China's economy. International Finance test of the postgraate entrance examination of the people's Bank of China in 1998: 1. Short answer question (5 points for each question, 30 points in total) 1. Floating exchange rate system and pegged exchange rate system. 2. What is a forward rate agreement? 3. What is the difference between repo and secondary market? 4. Absolute purchasing power parity and relative purchasing power parity. 5. What is the camel rating system in the U.S. financial regulation? 6. The nature and function of western investment banks. 2、 What is offshore financial market? What are the impacts on a country's economy and finance? 2. The purpose and content of "gap management" in western commercial banks. 3. What are the balance of payments items? What is the relationship between them? 4. The operation mechanism of Hong Kong dollar linked exchange rate system. 3、 Discussion questions (15 points for each question; 1. What impact will the progress of the euro and its realization have on international finance? 2. Combined with the current Asian financial crisis; This paper discusses how to take effective measures to prevent financial risks. Short answer questions (5 points for each sub question, 40 points): 1. What is a securities repurchase agreement? What's the difference between it and security mortgage? 2. What are interest rate sensitive assets and interest rate sensitive liabilities? 3. What are the primary reserves of commercial banks? What does secondary reserve mainly refer to? 4. According to the Basel Accord, what should the core capital of commercial banks include? 5. Friede believes that the factors that affect people's holding money come from

9. There's no one with any dreams, so just lie down more

10. According to the information provided by the financial planning and operation Department of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), SDR is a reserve asset and accounting unit created by the IMF in 1969, also known as "paper gold". It was originally created to support the Bretton Woods system, and later called "special drawing rights". Each SDR unit was initially defined as the price of 0.888671 grams of pure gold, which was also the value of $1 at that time
with the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, the special drawing right (SDR) has now become the unit of valuation of a "basket" of currencies. At first, the SDR was composed of 15 currencies. After years of adjustment, it is now integrated into a "basket" unit in four currencies: US dollar, euro, Japanese yen and British pound
as a right to use funds allocated by the IMF to Member States, China has a special drawing rights quota of 6.369.2 billion, which is the eighth member with the largest share, while the United States has a special drawing rights quota of 37.149.3 billion
in the event of a balance of payments deficit, the SDR owned by a member state can be used to exchange foreign exchange with other Member States designated by IMF to repay the balance of payments deficit or IMF loans. SDRs can also be used as international reserves like gold and freely convertible currencies. When the SDR is used as the unified unit of valuation, the conversion ratio between the currencies of IMF member countries and the SDR also reflects the exchange rate of each member country's currency. At the same time, it can better reflect the comprehensive exchange rate of a country's currency
SDR involves international settlement
as the unit of account of the International Monetary Fund, SDR is not a real currency. When it is used, it must be changed into other currencies first, and can not be directly used for trade or non trade payment. However, in many fields of international settlement, we can see SDR as a unit of international settlement< In other words, if the conversion ratio of RMB to SDR changes, it will affect the settlement of various international businesses related to China
for example, many Chinese enterprises use SDR as the pricing standard in terms of international long-distance telephone settlement, international shipping, international postal rates, compensation, etc
the most common is that the international roaming fees of China Mobile and China Unicom need to be settled by SDR. Both companies stipulate that for roaming users, the operator in the visited region or country will be charged according to the charging currency unit used by the operator in the visited region, which will be converted into special drawing rights at a certain exchange rate, and then converted into RMB by the special drawing rights< According to international practice, the exchange rate is subject to the exchange rate announced by the International Monetary Fund on the 23rd of last month when the call cost occurred; If the International Monetary Fund does not publish the exchange rate of the day in the event of a US public holiday, the exchange rate of the working day before the 23rd day shall prevail
people from the news center of China Unicom also said that China Unicom adopted the same charging method. For example, if a mobile phone user of China Unicom roams to Mobitel company in Bulgaria, the per minute communication fee for dialing back to China is 1.955sdr, and the RMB fee is calculated according to the exchange rate provided by the International Monetary Fund
in terms of aviation, the Convention for the unification of certain rules of international air transport also stipulates that in case of an accident, the airline shall make a compensation limit of 100000 SDR for each passenger< In addition, the Universal Postal Convention also stipulates that the standard currency of the Universal Postal Union is the special drawing right
in international mail and parcel delivery, the charges for receiving and sending mail, calculating the charges for returning and resending mail, and the compensation for mail are uniformly stipulated through the special drawing rights, and the national currency of each member country is calculated. At the same time, SDR is also used as the bookkeeping unit of account settlement among postal administrations. When making payment, the amount of SDR accounts is converted into the amount of payment currency and payment proceres are handled
the conversion ratio of SDR will not change frequently, but will be fixed for a long time“ At present, the ratio of SDR to RMB stipulated by the State General Post Office is 10.0539. " A staff member of Shanghai international express package company said
the reason why many international conventions use SDR as the standard currency is that the value of SDR is composed of four freely convertible currencies, which account for the largest proportion in international trade. SDR has strong stability and less risk to other Member States than using the currency of any single member state as the standard currency
in this way, the 30% rise of RMB against SDR will have a significant impact on the above domestic enterprises. On the IMF's website, however, we see something else
the safe responded positively
the IMF publishes the price ratio of the SDR to various world currencies every day. While the 2004 exchange rate report released by the central bank shows that the RMB converted SDR has appreciated significantly, the SDR against RMB data published on the IMF website has been relatively stable, and basically remained around 12, without any sign of appreciation
according to the regulations of the International Monetary Fund, each unit of SDR is a "basket" currency composed of US $0.5770, euro 0.4260, Japanese yen 21 and British pound 0.0984. Because the exchange rates of the four currencies are constantly changing, the price of the SDR varies from day to day
according to the regulations of IMF, SDR generally takes the middle rate of euro, Japanese yen and British pound against US dollar in London market as the calculation standard. First, the ratio of SDR with multiple currencies to us dollar is calculated to get a SDR price marked in US dollar; Then, according to the exchange rates of each currency against the US dollar announced by the central banks of member countries, the conversion ratio of each currency to the SDR is calculated, and the SDR weights of other currencies are obtained
in response to the closure of London market, the International Monetary Fund also stipulates that if there is no price in London market on that day, it will be calculated according to the midday price in New York market. If there is no price in New York market, then the price of SDR will be calculated on the basis of the euro guiding exchange rate announced by the European Central Bank
similarly, for the conversion rate of RMB to SDR, we need to calculate the proportion of US dollar to SDR first, and then calculate the exchange rate of RMB to SDR according to the exchange rate of RMB to us dollar
the data of the exchange rate statements were sorted out by the State Administration of foreign exchange and submitted to the website of the central bank for publication. The relevant person of the Bureau explained that the Reuters system adjusted at that time (referring to the second half of last year) because the data of the administration of foreign exchange came from the Reuters terminal display system
the reporter can see from the display terminal of Reuters that the data on the conversion rate of SDR to various currencies provided by Reuters is automatically obtained from the website of the US government
on May 13, a spokesman of the State Administration of foreign exchange said in response to our inquiry that at present, the State Administration of foreign exchange is recalculating the data and will reissue the revised data in the near future. The data released in the first three months of 2005 show that the conversion rate of RMB and SDR has returned to above 12, which is the same as the data released by the International Monetary Fund.