What kind of virtual currency is GDP

1. Understanding of the concept of virtual currency
(1) virtual currency based on entity
since ancient times, all "money" made of paper is called paper currency, and all countries in the world are actually paper currency. In Marx's time, paper money was only a symbol of metal money. The actual gold content of paper money was equal to the nominal gold content. When the nominal gold content was greater than the actual gold content, the price index of metal money would increase because of too many paper money. When it exceeded a certain limit, inflation would occur. Marx called these over issued bank notes without gold as guarantee virtual currency. In Keynesian era, paper money was the symbol of GDP. He defined the issue of paper money caused by making up the fiscal deficit as deficit money, and believed that the issue of paper deficit money could promote the development of proction to a certain extent, but only cause half inflation. Zhang chunjia's research in "Introction to virtual currency" also proves that paper money without precious metal and GDP guarantee will cause price rise, and this kind of money is called virtual currency
(2) virtual currency based on virtual
virtual currency is a new type of currency emerging at a certain stage of network social and economic development to meet the security and convenience needs of users. It represents the development direction of future currency existence form. It comes from the Internet, and acts as a general equivalent in the network society completely or partially. Virtual currency is a real currency with the basic attributes of currency, but it is virtual and depends on the network virtual environment. Virtual currency is born without borders, which makes it more liquid than traditional currency in the world. Virtual world corresponds to the real world. Through the exchange relationship between virtual currency and traditional currency, under certain conditions, specific virtual currency can buy physical goods, and traditional currency can also buy specific virtual goods< Second, the characteristics of virtual currency
1. Value: users get utility value by consuming the procts and services provided by operators. Virtual currency has value by providing exchange to meet the utility of consumers. The quantity of virtual currency measures the value of general goods. The issue essence of virtual currency is credit issue, which is the creditor's right of the holder to the issuer. To a certain extent, the value of this kind of claim is the right of claim
2. Virtual environment dependence. The existence of virtual currency is based on the virtual economic environment provided by the issuers and the sustainable operation of the issuers themselves. Otherwise, virtual currency has no significance.
3. Short sighted currency. As the highest price in the process of commodity exchange, the form of currency value can be regarded as the real currency. Because of the limitation of circulation scope, virtual currency can not be used as the general equivalent of all commodities; But in a certain range, it has the function of monetary value scale and circulation means. Therefore, it can be considered that virtual currency is similar to the form of money value, and it is a primary form of money, which is similar to money< The issue and circulation of virtual money is limited, but it will enlarge the money supply through the money multiplier effect, and affect the difficulty and accuracy of macroeconomic regulation and control. The issuers of virtual money need to report their circulation and circulation to the central bank, and obey the unified management of the central bank at any time
5. Virtual currency, which is issued by non-financial entities outside the financial system, aims to obtain business opportunities and competitive advantages. It is a market behavior and will inevitably lead to competition among issuers. This kind of competition will proce unfair competition behavior or obtain competitive advantage through rent-seeking, which determines the need to regulate the market behavior of the market subject according to the laws and regulations
6. Virtuality: as a kind of approximate currency, virtual currency is virtual existence if it only exists in the virtual world and can purchase the virtual property in it; If it is linked with sovereign currency, it can exist in the real world and purchase real assets, then it is a virtual thing of sovereign currency. Virtual currency is actually a series of data files existing in the computer system. It has the meaning of virtual currency only after the issuers explain the system. Therefore, the existence form of virtual currency is virtual< In general, virtual currency can purchase the procts and services provided by the issuers, and it can also be exchanged with the issuers outside the scope of issuance at a certain rate to purchase the procts of the alliance. For procts outside the alliance, virtual currency has no value significance; Similarly, when virtual currency is only authorized to buy different procts in different sales cycles, the use of virtual currency has limited application in time and scope, unlike sovereign currency, which can be completely freely exchanged
8. Separability: virtual currency has no physical form and is a digital storage information. Unlike traditional paper currency, it needs to consider the balance relationship between the circulation of main currency and subsidiary currency and the proportion of various currency values. It can be split infinitely. For example, although the total number of dark coins is only 2300, each bitcoin can be split into eight directions of ten< Although virtual currency exists in the virtual world, the process of new technological revolution has closely linked the virtual world with reality, and the virtual world has become an important part of people's spiritual life. It can promote the development of real economy, for example, a large number of entertainment application projects provide people with rich spiritual wealth and real wealth, and more and more people invest in virtual currency, which represents a trend, and the more successful ones are bitcoin, Leyte coin and the new domestic King coin; On the contrary, money laundering, gambling and network theft in the virtual world will have a negative effect on the real economy.

2. Real GDP per capita is an effective tool for people to understand and grasp the macroeconomic operation of a country or region. It is often used as an indicator to measure the economic development in development economics, and is one of the most important macroeconomic indicators.

3. According to the preliminary calculation of RMB, the annual GDP [2] was 471564 billion yuan, an increase of 9.2% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary instry was 4771.2 billion yuan, an increase of 4.5%; The added value of the secondary instry was 22059.2 billion yuan, an increase of 10.6%; The added value of the tertiary instry was 20326 billion yuan, an increase of 8.9%. The added value of the primary instry accounted for 10.1% of GDP, the added value of the secondary instry accounted for 46.8%, and the added value of the tertiary instry accounted for 43.1%< Statistical bulletin of national economic and social development of the people's Republic of China in 2011 February 22, 2012

4.

GDP, the English name cross domestic proct, refers to the gross value of the final procts and services in a country within one year

GDP is the core indicator of national economic accounting, and it is also an important indicator to measure the overall economic situation of a country, but it is not suitable to measure the economic situation of a region or city, because the amount of GDP handed over to the superior or the country in each city is different, so the wealth left in each city is different

it refers to the sum of the value of all the final procts and services proced by all the resident units of a country (or region) in a certain period of time, which is often regarded as an indicator to measure the economic situation of a country (or region)

There are three ways to calculate GDP: proction method, income method and expenditure method. The three methods reflect GDP and its composition from different aspects, and the results are the same in theory

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extended data:

main characteristics of GDP

limitations

(1) since GDP uses market prices to evaluate goods and services, it does not include the value of almost all activities outside the market. In particular, GDP omits the value of goods and services proced in households

(2) GDP does not include environmental quality. Suppose the government abolishes all environmental regulations, then enterprises can proce goods and services without considering the pollution they cause. In this case, GDP will increase, but welfare is likely to decline. The deterioration of air and water quality outweighs the welfare benefits of more proction

(3) GDP does not involve income and distribution. GDP per capita tells us the average of each person, but behind the average is the huge difference in personal income

In most cases, but not in all cases, GDP is a good indicator of economic welfare

(4) the concept of GDP is derived from the principle that exchange proces wealth. The basic conditions of this principle are: first, the exchange must be voluntary; second, the exchange must not hinder the third party; third, the exchange must really take place between two clear property rights subjects

if these three conditions are not met, the accuracy of the GDP value will be greatly reced, or the GDP data will be flawed. For example, the GDP of compulsory trade, the GDP of hindering others, the GDP created by export, the GDP generated by investment, the GDP generated by consumption and so on will affect the total effective accumulation of GDP

comparability

China's system of national accounts (2002) has adopted the basic accounting principles, contents and methods of the United Nations 1993 system of national accounts (SNA), so GDP data is internationally comparable

after the national economic census or the change of calculation method and classification standard, the historical data of quarterly GDP are revised, so the time series of quarterly GDP since the first quarter of 1992 are comparable

development trend

the economic operation and development trend is steady with progress, the structural adjustment is advanced in depth, the emerging kinetic energy is accelerated to accumulate, some main indicators have positive changes, and the national economy has a good start

First, the situation of agricultural proction is stable

Second, instrial proction tends to be stable in a slow way

Third, the growth rate of investment in fixed assets has increased steadily

Fourthly, the market sales increased steadily

5. The total amount of import and export decreased

Sixth, consumer prices rose moderately

Seventh, the growth of residents' income is stable

8. The pace of structural adjustment has been accelerated. However, China is in the critical stage of transformation and upgrading and kinetic energy conversion, and the pains of structural adjustment are still continuing, so the downward pressure can not be ignored

5.

GDP

GDP is the sum of the value of all the final procts and services proced by all the resident units of a country (or region) in a certain period of time, which is often regarded as an indicator to measure the economic situation of a country (or region)

GDP calculated by proction method is calculated from the perspective of added value of each department in the accounting period. GDP = total output of each sector - intermediate consumption of each sector = added value of each sector, where total output is proct output × Unit price, intermediate consumption, such as regular maintenance and repair of proction equipment

extended data:

precautions:

there are many statistical indicators reflecting economy, of which GDP is one of the important indicators. The birth of GDP comes from the need to judge the operation of the macro-economy. It helps to judge whether the economy is shrinking or expanding, whether it needs stimulation or control, whether it is in a serious recession or under the threat of inflation, so as to avoid the decision-makers from falling into a mess of economic data and not knowing what to do

The accounting scope of

GDP covers all sectors of the national economy, and it is the sum of the value of all the final procts proced by all the resident units of a country or region in a certain period of time