Wujiang virtual currency
Publish: 2021-04-15 18:09:57
1. The coding rate / bit rate is directly related to the file size. And whether the coding rate and coding format are suitable or not is directly related to the clarity of the video file
in the field of video coding, bit rate is often translated into coding rate, the unit is Kbps, for example, 800kbps
where 1K = 1024 1m = 1024k
b is bit, which is the measurement unit of computer file size, 1KB = 8KB, case sensitive, B represents byte, s is second, P is per
the encoded data is represented by 800kbps, and 800K bits per second
1MB = 8MB = 1024KB = 8192kb
Windows system file size is often expressed in B (bytes), but network operators use B (bits), which is why 2MB broadband has the fastest display speed on the computer, only about 256Kb. Network operators omit the unit of measurement when promoting network speed
a complete video file is composed of audio stream and video stream. Audio and video use different coding rates respectively, so the final coding rate of a video file is audio coding rate + video coding rate. For example, a file with 128kbps audio coding rate and 800kbps video coding rate has a total coding rate of 928kbps, which means that the encoded data needs to be represented by 928k bits per second
after understanding the meaning of coding rate, it is not difficult to understand and calculate the final file size according to the length of video playback time. The coding rate is also high. The longer the video playback time is, the larger the file volume is. It's not that the larger the resolution is, the larger the file is. It's just that in general, in order to ensure the clarity, a higher resolution requires a higher coding rate, so people feel that the larger the resolution is, the larger the volume of the video file is
formula for calculating output file size:
(audio coding rate (kbit) / 8 + video coding rate (kbit) / 8) × The total length of the movie (in seconds) = file size (in MB)
in this way, we can control the output file size accurately
example: there is a movie of 1.5 hours (5400 seconds), and the file size after conversion is just 700m
the calculation method is as follows:
700 × eight ÷ five thousand and four hundred × 1024 ≈ 1061kbps
it means that as long as the sum of audio coding rate and video coding rate is 1061kb, the file size after one and a half hours of film conversion is just 700m
how to set the audio coding rate and video coding rate depends on the selected coding format and personal preference, as long as the sum of the two is 1061. For example, it can be set to video coding format h264, video coding rate 900 Kbps, audio coding format AAC, coding rate 161 Kbps
the bit rate related to the size of the file refers to the average bit rate of the file. Therefore, the size of the file can be guaranteed whether the fixed bit one-time encoding method or the second (multiple) dynamic encoding method is used. Only when using quality based coding, the file size can not be controlled
there are many kinds of coding formats. With the continuous progress of technology, various coding formats have been proced for different purposes. The compression rates of different coding formats are different, and they have their own characteristics. Some can maintain high picture quality at low bit rate, but the picture quality prompt is not big at high bit rate. Some are suitable for maintaining high-definition picture at high bit rate, but the effect may not be good at low bit rate. This paper introces several common methods
when formulating RMVB / RM, the main consideration is network communication, which aims to make use of the slow network speed to spread the visual acceptable picture quality. Therefore, the characteristic of rmvb / RM coding format is that it can get better video quality at lower bit rate. But in the case of high bit rate, it is not as good as other coding formats. The same RM / RMVB suffix file, its internal coding format subdivision and R8 / R9 / R10, but in general, the above characteristics still exist. But the compression rate is higher, so no one uses RMVB in the field of HD coding. Rmvb pursues high compression rate and acceptable picture quality, so it often compresses some details that are not easy to pay attention to. The first look at the picture is good. If you look closely, you will find that the picture is not sharp and the level is not clear. It always gives people a vague feeling. The audio coding part of rmvb / RM suffix file has the same situation. The sound compression rate is very high, but it can only be heard. Don't expect to achieve the realm of beautiful sound
one of the reasons for the popularity of rmvb is that the format of real is suitable for low-speed network transmission, and it can obtain acceptable picture quality with small file volume. Second, with the use of rmvb, transcoding software and solutions with perfect functions began to appear, which facilitated video lovers and expanded the source of films. However, with the increasing speed of the Internet, better encoders such as H264 appear. At the same time, RMVB is not suitable for high-definition video proction. If other hardware manufacturers want to support RMVB / RM format, they have to pay a very expensive patent fee to real company, which leads many hardware manufacturers to abandon the support for RMVB files. Rmvb files are no longer the overwhelming advantage of the past
nowadays, many video files spread on the Internet are suffixed with AVI, MKV, MP4, 3gp, etc. Among them, MKV and others are mostly used for high-definition video files, MP4 and 3gp are mostly used for mobile phones, portable devices and other fields, while avi is more widely used. There are avi files not only in high-definition video files, but also in portable devices
the video coding format for VCD is MPEG1, while that for DVD is MPEG2. Both VCD and DVD are mainly used for home video playback, and generally speaking, VCD is encoded with MPEG1 for fixed bit rate. DVD can support dynamic rate MPEG2 coding
in order to ensure the sharpness of pictures with drastic changes, the default encoding rate is high. The standard encoding rate of VCD is 1152kbps, and the DVD is open. According to the movie playing time, it is often set between 5000 Kbps and 8000 Kbps. On the premise of not wasting DVD disk capacity, the higher encoding rate is used as far as possible to obtain higher clarity. MPEG1 and MPEG2 do not work well in the case of ultra-low bit rate, and excessively improve the bit rate, and the prompt brought by the picture effect is not obvious. Mkv uses H.264 to encode high-definition video, and the 1080p picture reaches the bit rate of 30mbps< Of course, the calculation formula without compressed file is different:
sound is, data amount (bit / s) = (sampling frequency (Hz) * sampling bits (bit) * number of channels)
among them, the number of channels of mono is 1, and that of stereo is 2
amount of data * time / 8 = total bytes of file
for example, CD is an uncompressed audio file, sampling 44.1k, 16 bit, al channel
data volume = 44.1 * 16 * 2 = 1411kb / 1024 = 1.38mb, and the average MP3 compressed is 128kbps
If a CD is played for one hour, the total Cd volume = 1.38 * 3600 / 8 = 621mb, of course, the CD is played for more than one hour, and the maximum is 700MB
image should be, data amount (bit / s) = (picture size * color bits * frames)
data amount * time / 8 = total bytes of file
for example, 2 minutes, 25 frames / s, 640 bytes × The uncompressed data volume of 24 bit true color digital video with 480 resolution is about 640x480x24 * 25 = 184320kb = 180MB, while the standard coding rates of VCD and MKV (plus audio) are 1152kbps and 30mbps (1080p HD)
2min file byte = 180mbx120 / 8 = 2700000kb = 2636.71875mb = 2.57gb, respectively. After compression, a 90 minute high-quality DVD movie can reach 9GB
definition of data density: the average bit stream allocated to one unit pixel in each frame of video
formula: data density = bits / (pixel * frame)
bits: video bit rate
pixel: pixel, horizontal pixel × Vertical pixel
frame: the frame rate is generally 23.976fps, 24fps (partial BD of RTHK) and 25FPS (BD of zone 2 and zone 6)
from the formula of data density,
1. When the bit rate is fixed (such as HALFCD, 480-520kbps, minissd, 800-1000kbps)
the smaller the resolution is, the larger the data density is. Under the default playback window size, the lower the resolution is, the larger the data density is, The clearer the performance, such as 640 * 256 HALFCD, 800 * 336 miniSD
2, data density dividing the boundary between HD and SD
the obtained HD perceptual standard: 720p, 1080p, data density: 0.25-0.35 and above, then the bit rate is about 5MB / 10MB and above, representative works, each HD group's BD720p / bd1080p
the obtained SD perceptual standard: a480p, 480p, Data density: 0.12-0.18 and above, then the bit rate is about 1200-2500kbps, representative works, BDRip / DVD Rip of each group
discussion 2: megui compression template and parameter setting preface
in the process of video compression, I frame is intra frame image data compression, which is an independent frame. The P frame refers to the I frame for inter frame image data compression, not an independent frame. Most of the compressed videos are P frames, so the video quality is mainly represented by P frames. Because P frame is not an independent frame, but only preserves the difference with the adjacent I frame, there is no concept of resolution, so it should be regarded as a binary difference sequence. When the binary sequence is compressed by entropy coding, the quantization parameters are used for lossy compression. The quality of video is directly determined by the quantization parameters, which directly affect the compression ratio and bit rate. Video quality can be expressed in subjective and objective ways. The subjective way is usually referred to as video definition, while the objective parameters are quantization parameters or compression ratio or bit rate. On the premise of the same video source and compression algorithm, the quantization parameters, compression ratio and bit rate are directly proportional
video rate
the information in the computer is represented by binary 0 and 1, in which each 0 or 1 is called a bit, which is represented by lowercase B, that is, bit (bit); Capital B means byte, that is, one byte = eight bits, that is, 1b = 8b; The capital K in front of it means thousand bits (KB) or thousand bytes (KB). Represents the size unit of a file. Generally, bytes (KB) are used to represent the size of a file
Kbps: first of all, PS refers to / s, that is, per second. Kbps refers to the network speed, that is, how many kilobits of information are transmitted per second (k represents kilobits, KB represents how many kilobits). In order to intuitively show that the transmission speed of the network is faster, the general company uses KB (kilobits) to express, if it is Kbps, it indicates how many kilobytes are transmitted per second. 1KBps＝8Kbps The network speed of ADSL is 512Kbps. If it is converted into bytes, it is 512 / 8 = 64Kbps (that is, 64Kbytes per second).
in the field of video coding, bit rate is often translated into coding rate, the unit is Kbps, for example, 800kbps
where 1K = 1024 1m = 1024k
b is bit, which is the measurement unit of computer file size, 1KB = 8KB, case sensitive, B represents byte, s is second, P is per
the encoded data is represented by 800kbps, and 800K bits per second
1MB = 8MB = 1024KB = 8192kb
Windows system file size is often expressed in B (bytes), but network operators use B (bits), which is why 2MB broadband has the fastest display speed on the computer, only about 256Kb. Network operators omit the unit of measurement when promoting network speed
a complete video file is composed of audio stream and video stream. Audio and video use different coding rates respectively, so the final coding rate of a video file is audio coding rate + video coding rate. For example, a file with 128kbps audio coding rate and 800kbps video coding rate has a total coding rate of 928kbps, which means that the encoded data needs to be represented by 928k bits per second
after understanding the meaning of coding rate, it is not difficult to understand and calculate the final file size according to the length of video playback time. The coding rate is also high. The longer the video playback time is, the larger the file volume is. It's not that the larger the resolution is, the larger the file is. It's just that in general, in order to ensure the clarity, a higher resolution requires a higher coding rate, so people feel that the larger the resolution is, the larger the volume of the video file is
formula for calculating output file size:
(audio coding rate (kbit) / 8 + video coding rate (kbit) / 8) × The total length of the movie (in seconds) = file size (in MB)
in this way, we can control the output file size accurately
example: there is a movie of 1.5 hours (5400 seconds), and the file size after conversion is just 700m
the calculation method is as follows:
700 × eight ÷ five thousand and four hundred × 1024 ≈ 1061kbps
it means that as long as the sum of audio coding rate and video coding rate is 1061kb, the file size after one and a half hours of film conversion is just 700m
how to set the audio coding rate and video coding rate depends on the selected coding format and personal preference, as long as the sum of the two is 1061. For example, it can be set to video coding format h264, video coding rate 900 Kbps, audio coding format AAC, coding rate 161 Kbps
the bit rate related to the size of the file refers to the average bit rate of the file. Therefore, the size of the file can be guaranteed whether the fixed bit one-time encoding method or the second (multiple) dynamic encoding method is used. Only when using quality based coding, the file size can not be controlled
there are many kinds of coding formats. With the continuous progress of technology, various coding formats have been proced for different purposes. The compression rates of different coding formats are different, and they have their own characteristics. Some can maintain high picture quality at low bit rate, but the picture quality prompt is not big at high bit rate. Some are suitable for maintaining high-definition picture at high bit rate, but the effect may not be good at low bit rate. This paper introces several common methods
when formulating RMVB / RM, the main consideration is network communication, which aims to make use of the slow network speed to spread the visual acceptable picture quality. Therefore, the characteristic of rmvb / RM coding format is that it can get better video quality at lower bit rate. But in the case of high bit rate, it is not as good as other coding formats. The same RM / RMVB suffix file, its internal coding format subdivision and R8 / R9 / R10, but in general, the above characteristics still exist. But the compression rate is higher, so no one uses RMVB in the field of HD coding. Rmvb pursues high compression rate and acceptable picture quality, so it often compresses some details that are not easy to pay attention to. The first look at the picture is good. If you look closely, you will find that the picture is not sharp and the level is not clear. It always gives people a vague feeling. The audio coding part of rmvb / RM suffix file has the same situation. The sound compression rate is very high, but it can only be heard. Don't expect to achieve the realm of beautiful sound
one of the reasons for the popularity of rmvb is that the format of real is suitable for low-speed network transmission, and it can obtain acceptable picture quality with small file volume. Second, with the use of rmvb, transcoding software and solutions with perfect functions began to appear, which facilitated video lovers and expanded the source of films. However, with the increasing speed of the Internet, better encoders such as H264 appear. At the same time, RMVB is not suitable for high-definition video proction. If other hardware manufacturers want to support RMVB / RM format, they have to pay a very expensive patent fee to real company, which leads many hardware manufacturers to abandon the support for RMVB files. Rmvb files are no longer the overwhelming advantage of the past
nowadays, many video files spread on the Internet are suffixed with AVI, MKV, MP4, 3gp, etc. Among them, MKV and others are mostly used for high-definition video files, MP4 and 3gp are mostly used for mobile phones, portable devices and other fields, while avi is more widely used. There are avi files not only in high-definition video files, but also in portable devices
the video coding format for VCD is MPEG1, while that for DVD is MPEG2. Both VCD and DVD are mainly used for home video playback, and generally speaking, VCD is encoded with MPEG1 for fixed bit rate. DVD can support dynamic rate MPEG2 coding
in order to ensure the sharpness of pictures with drastic changes, the default encoding rate is high. The standard encoding rate of VCD is 1152kbps, and the DVD is open. According to the movie playing time, it is often set between 5000 Kbps and 8000 Kbps. On the premise of not wasting DVD disk capacity, the higher encoding rate is used as far as possible to obtain higher clarity. MPEG1 and MPEG2 do not work well in the case of ultra-low bit rate, and excessively improve the bit rate, and the prompt brought by the picture effect is not obvious. Mkv uses H.264 to encode high-definition video, and the 1080p picture reaches the bit rate of 30mbps< Of course, the calculation formula without compressed file is different:
sound is, data amount (bit / s) = (sampling frequency (Hz) * sampling bits (bit) * number of channels)
among them, the number of channels of mono is 1, and that of stereo is 2
amount of data * time / 8 = total bytes of file
for example, CD is an uncompressed audio file, sampling 44.1k, 16 bit, al channel
data volume = 44.1 * 16 * 2 = 1411kb / 1024 = 1.38mb, and the average MP3 compressed is 128kbps
If a CD is played for one hour, the total Cd volume = 1.38 * 3600 / 8 = 621mb, of course, the CD is played for more than one hour, and the maximum is 700MB
image should be, data amount (bit / s) = (picture size * color bits * frames)
data amount * time / 8 = total bytes of file
for example, 2 minutes, 25 frames / s, 640 bytes × The uncompressed data volume of 24 bit true color digital video with 480 resolution is about 640x480x24 * 25 = 184320kb = 180MB, while the standard coding rates of VCD and MKV (plus audio) are 1152kbps and 30mbps (1080p HD)
2min file byte = 180mbx120 / 8 = 2700000kb = 2636.71875mb = 2.57gb, respectively. After compression, a 90 minute high-quality DVD movie can reach 9GB
definition of data density: the average bit stream allocated to one unit pixel in each frame of video
formula: data density = bits / (pixel * frame)
bits: video bit rate
pixel: pixel, horizontal pixel × Vertical pixel
frame: the frame rate is generally 23.976fps, 24fps (partial BD of RTHK) and 25FPS (BD of zone 2 and zone 6)
from the formula of data density,
1. When the bit rate is fixed (such as HALFCD, 480-520kbps, minissd, 800-1000kbps)
the smaller the resolution is, the larger the data density is. Under the default playback window size, the lower the resolution is, the larger the data density is, The clearer the performance, such as 640 * 256 HALFCD, 800 * 336 miniSD
2, data density dividing the boundary between HD and SD
the obtained HD perceptual standard: 720p, 1080p, data density: 0.25-0.35 and above, then the bit rate is about 5MB / 10MB and above, representative works, each HD group's BD720p / bd1080p
the obtained SD perceptual standard: a480p, 480p, Data density: 0.12-0.18 and above, then the bit rate is about 1200-2500kbps, representative works, BDRip / DVD Rip of each group
discussion 2: megui compression template and parameter setting preface
in the process of video compression, I frame is intra frame image data compression, which is an independent frame. The P frame refers to the I frame for inter frame image data compression, not an independent frame. Most of the compressed videos are P frames, so the video quality is mainly represented by P frames. Because P frame is not an independent frame, but only preserves the difference with the adjacent I frame, there is no concept of resolution, so it should be regarded as a binary difference sequence. When the binary sequence is compressed by entropy coding, the quantization parameters are used for lossy compression. The quality of video is directly determined by the quantization parameters, which directly affect the compression ratio and bit rate. Video quality can be expressed in subjective and objective ways. The subjective way is usually referred to as video definition, while the objective parameters are quantization parameters or compression ratio or bit rate. On the premise of the same video source and compression algorithm, the quantization parameters, compression ratio and bit rate are directly proportional
video rate
the information in the computer is represented by binary 0 and 1, in which each 0 or 1 is called a bit, which is represented by lowercase B, that is, bit (bit); Capital B means byte, that is, one byte = eight bits, that is, 1b = 8b; The capital K in front of it means thousand bits (KB) or thousand bytes (KB). Represents the size unit of a file. Generally, bytes (KB) are used to represent the size of a file
Kbps: first of all, PS refers to / s, that is, per second. Kbps refers to the network speed, that is, how many kilobits of information are transmitted per second (k represents kilobits, KB represents how many kilobits). In order to intuitively show that the transmission speed of the network is faster, the general company uses KB (kilobits) to express, if it is Kbps, it indicates how many kilobytes are transmitted per second. 1KBps＝8Kbps The network speed of ADSL is 512Kbps. If it is converted into bytes, it is 512 / 8 = 64Kbps (that is, 64Kbytes per second).
2. CPU coding is generally recommended, and the same image quality can save bit rate compared with graphics card coding
let's talk about my settings. First of all, it's necessary to upload broadband
if the live game doesn't eat much CPU, use x264 to encode it, and use graphics card to encode it
because my video card is 970, I don't eat much video card in my games, so I prefer video card coding
first of all, let's talk about the coding settings of the graphics card. If you want to use the graphics card coding, you must use the new OBS version, and the old OBS version is not considered
basically, there are only two resolutions that can be considered: 720p and 1080p, and the others are meaningless
under 720p, the 3000 bit rate is 25FPS and the 3500 bit rate is 30fps. At 1080p, the mosaic of 30fps at 5000 bit rate is not obvious< If CPU encoding is used:
720p, 2000, 25FPS, 2500, 30fps. The mosaic of 1080p, 4000 and 4500 is not obvious
if you have to pursue image quality and fluency, 6000 + bit rate 60fps under 1080p is better than 8000 + bit rate
upload the 720p live broadcast below 4m broadband! Because you can drive 3500 or 1080p at most, the audience will not feel comfortable
when the bit rate is not enough, 720p is clearer than 1080p. Force 1080p to move full screen mosaic, not as clear as 720p
let's talk about my settings. First of all, it's necessary to upload broadband
if the live game doesn't eat much CPU, use x264 to encode it, and use graphics card to encode it
because my video card is 970, I don't eat much video card in my games, so I prefer video card coding
first of all, let's talk about the coding settings of the graphics card. If you want to use the graphics card coding, you must use the new OBS version, and the old OBS version is not considered
basically, there are only two resolutions that can be considered: 720p and 1080p, and the others are meaningless
under 720p, the 3000 bit rate is 25FPS and the 3500 bit rate is 30fps. At 1080p, the mosaic of 30fps at 5000 bit rate is not obvious< If CPU encoding is used:
720p, 2000, 25FPS, 2500, 30fps. The mosaic of 1080p, 4000 and 4500 is not obvious
if you have to pursue image quality and fluency, 6000 + bit rate 60fps under 1080p is better than 8000 + bit rate
upload the 720p live broadcast below 4m broadband! Because you can drive 3500 or 1080p at most, the audience will not feel comfortable
when the bit rate is not enough, 720p is clearer than 1080p. Force 1080p to move full screen mosaic, not as clear as 720p
3.
Elder martial brother Dai Dai is the first elder brother of the live platform for fighting fish. This elder martial brother Dai Dai has a rather irascible personality and often offends people by talking, so he recruited a lot of gangsters. Later, all the bad things that have become popular events on the Internet are done by elder martial brother Dai Dai
"daidaida elder martial brother" refers to a person, the elder brother of Betta live broadcasting platform, who is the second character of abstract TV. Sun Xiaochuan is also called Mata Chuan, godfather of online love, and his microblog ID is called "daidaidaida elder martial brother". It is said that all bad things related to the word are done by him on the Internet. Burning, killing, robbing, raping, raping and plundering are all heinous
Dai Dai Dai's elder martial brother, sun Xiaochuan, is the game anchor of the betta platform. However, sun Xiaochuan's game is not very good, which is weak compared with other games. However, he often makes a lot of negative behaviors in the live broadcast to attract attention, such as beating his grandmother with nunchakus. As a result, many people see some bad news on Weibo and start to @ sun Xiaochuan. Although there are many netizens who pay close attention to sun Xiaochuan and many people who watch his live broadcast, they are all scolding while watching. It is estimated that half of the netizens who come to see sun Xiaochuan's live game are here to vent their feelings
4. http://www.hzphs.com/index/search.asp
it's not good to see it here. Please ask me~
it's not good to see it here. Please ask me~
5.
Sun Xiaochuan is not a Japanese, but a native of Xinjin, Sichuan
Sun Xiaochuan, born in Xinjin, Sichuan Province on May 12, 1990, is the founder of "nmsl" brand. He is a famous online game anchor. His microblog nickname is Dai Dai's elder martial brother, and netizens usually call him his elder martial brother. Netizens like to spoof some things to his name, is also considered to be the network's first pot man
all people say that sun Xiaochuan is Japanese, which comes from Xiao Li, a live broadcast colleague of sun Xiaochuan. Xiao Li has a catchphrase "I'm Japanese", because Xiao Li used to work in the traffic police team and couldn't swear, so he changed to I'm Japanese. It led to the barrage saying that he was Japanese, and this stem was later transferred to sun Xiaochuan, which led to sun Xiaochuan being called the emperor of Japan
extended information:
there are two opinions about sun Xiaochuan's popularity in Japan on the Internet:
1. It is said that sun Xiaochuan and his fans brush everywhere and feel warm, causing everyone's dissatisfaction
2. He often exists as a concentrated target for everyone's bad mouth, and can be called the back pot man, so the stem spreads
source of reference: Network - Senior brother of Daidai University
6.
I believe everyone has heard about the social software clubhouse. Now this software is booming. What's the reason? Let Xiaobian tell you
1. What is a language room< p> isn't a clubhouse a conversation room? This is a lot of people's first reaction when they see this proct. So what is the language room the host is on the top, and there are 8 positions below (there are also 2 / 4 / 6). Onlookers can launch a barrage in the lower part of the screen, and there will be a gift button in the lower right corner; Users entering the room will have a level on the platform, which is linked to the VIP and reward amount on the platform; This is the one with Chinese characteristics; Talk room & quot; It's too late. The above four pictures are taken by me on my mobile phone. They are from TT, a voice, Netease cloud and Himalaya. Yes, you're right & hellip& hellip; Such an interface can also be found on Bixin, Betta, tiger tooth, national karaoke, kugou, KuWo, iqiyi and many other unexpected video apps, short video apps, live broadcast apps, social apps & hellip& hellip;{ What is the meaning of clubhouse< p> my first reaction to clubhouse is that meerkat has been suspended. This is the originator of mobile live broadcasting. Although it is suspended, its significance lies in that it defines the proct form of mobile live broadcasting; As for clubhouse, I personally think that no matter how the company develops in the future, mobile voice social networking is defined by it latecomers can have different entry points, different operation modes, different verticalization and different commercialization paths; But the procts of the high probability category will basically look like this; As at this point today, all the mobile broadcast rooms are the same7. The upload bandwidth is not enough. The upload bandwidth is 1.4m, and there is no upload speed of 256Kb / s, so we can't do live broadcast
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