PDM virtual currency

1. The significance of the research on the organization of e-commerce management technology -- e-commerce represents a new management mode, which has a strong impact on the traditional management mode both in depth and breadth, and has brought severe challenges to the traditional management theory and method, but also provides opportunities for the development of new management technology. According to the current research situation of e-commerce, there are more scattered and applied researches, but less systematic and theoretical researches; There are many researches from the perspectives of network technology and transaction environment, but few researches from the perspective of management mode reform, especially from the perspective of the interaction between management technology and e-commerce development. There is no comprehensive and systematic management mode under e-commerce environment suitable for China's national conditions. At present, China's enterprise management is extensive, has obvious instry personality characteristics, and the level of enterprise informatization is low. Enterprises need their own personalized e-commerce solutions and enterprise management mode, rather than simply ing mechanically. Chinese enterprises can only start from their own technical conditions, capital situation, business characteristics, economic environment and other aspects, comprehensively consider and use information technology and modern management technology to study the management theories and methods of Chinese enterprises in the e-commerce environment. E-commerce promotes the reform of enterprise management theory and method. The development and reform of enterprise management theory and method lays the foundation for the successful implementation and utilization of e-commerce. The relationship between the two is interactive. Therefore, it is of great theoretical value and practical significance to study the management mode under the e-commerce environment. Research status e-commerce has a great impact on traditional business because of its convenience and rapidity, and it has become a new trend in the field of world business. According to the estimation of relevant UN agencies, the sales volume of global e-commerce will reach 350 billion US dollars in 2000 and exceed 1 trillion US dollars in 2002. In the information technology of emerging digital economy published in 1999, the US Secretary of Commerce said: & quot; The rapid development of e-commerce shows that it will be the engine of the whole economic growth in the 21st century;. In this context, the in-depth study of the management mode under the e-commerce environment is the knowledge base to promote the further development of e-commerce. Economists believe that the network is a complex social and economic organization form that goes beyond the traditional dichotomy of market and enterprise, and thus forms the enterprise network theory. In the book the economics of electronic commerce, Whinston, a famous American information system expert, emphasizes the influence of business operation mode on e-commerce, examines the network economy and e-market from an integrated point of view, and systematically analyzes the static and dynamic pricing, utility, business strategy, and e-commerce environment from the perspective of economic management In 2000, they completed the Internet Economy: technology and practice, which discussed the network economy and its value characteristics, e-commerce technology, online market mechanism, auction and negotiation mechanism, knowledge-based procts and services, and digital management from a strategic perspective. There are also many experts who have studied the problems related to customer service, market creation, introction of new procts and new technologies, and business transformation in e-commerce community, and discussed how to establish the community relationship between enterprises and between enterprises and customers. From the perspective of modern enterprise management application, the original hierarchical structure of commercial enterprises has become a flat structure through the computer network. Enterprise leaders can directly carry out comprehensive management through the network, and complete comprehensive coordination and control, so as to speed up the turnover of goods and funds, improve the inventory structure of goods, improve the quality of procts, and improve the quality of procts Improve the efficiency of commercial circulation and the scientific management level of enterprises, so that enterprises can better adapt to the needs of market competition. From the perspective of management connotation, because the Internet has greatly reced the distance between time and space, great changes will take place in the business model, organization model and proction model of enterprises, and the external interface of enterprises will also be greatly expanded. Therefore, the connotation of enterprise management will be further extended. In addition to the traditional enterprise finance, inventory, sales, procurement, proction and other management, many other links involving the whole enterprise value chain are also included in the management category. Enterprise management is changing from the effective use and allocation of internal resources to the management of the whole supply chain, and focuses on seeking the best way to combine e-commerce with its own operation mode. Under the promotion of e-commerce technology, the modern enterprise management mode is moving forward; Operation process, function integration and flat organization & quot; The trend of the development. From the perspective of business mode, the current e-commerce application mode is mainly divided into online market type, online efficient type, online service type, online commodity trading type and e-commerce community type. Online market is mainly through the network to display enterprise procts and services, in order to attract customers, strive to expand market share, and improve the quality of customer service through online customer service system. The online high-efficiency model mainly uses the cheap communication platform brought by Internet to provide information transmission channels for enterprises with wide distribution in space, so as to promote the exchange of internal and external information, improve the office efficiency of enterprises and rece the management cost. Online service type mainly provides customers with knowledge, experience, information proct services or online technical services through the Internet, such as online consultation, online ecation and training, online software upgrade and maintenance, online security diagnosis, etc. Online commodity trading is a huge technical and commercial system established to reflect the high efficiency, transparent price and comprehensive information of online operation. This type of website can not only provide online proct display and customer service, but also fully solve the technical barriers and commercial fortress of online payment, certification and distribution, It can also provide online purchase and sale services. The e-commerce community based on the online market model makes use of the advantages of the Internet to connect the government, financial institutions, enterprises, etc. to form an online virtual community. This model is in practice and needs further discussion. The participation of enterprises in e-commerce is not only the application of software or technology, but also the change of enterprise operation and management mode. From this point of view, this work needs to be further carried out, and many related theories and technologies need to be further studied. The main scientific issues include the operation environment and development strategy of China's e-commerce, the legal environment, financial environment, humanistic environment and relevant policies of e-commerce, the development mode and overall framework of e-commerce suitable for China's national conditions, the internal nature of e-commerce, and the relevant conditions for the benign operation of e-commerce 1) Research on the legal environment in the development of e-commerce. It mainly includes privacy, tax, intellectual property, international cooperation, contract law, anti-monopoly law and so on 2) Research on financial policy in e-commerce environment. Such as: electronic money, online payment and financial risk management 3) Network ethics research. It mainly includes system security, national policies, decision-making and ethical guidance, development of network morality, ecation and management of network morality, etc 4) Research on the influence of e-commerce on society, economy, culture and enterprise form. Business model research mainly studies the theoretical analysis and practical application of different business models, discusses how to use the network to establish contact with business partners, and how to establish new communication channels with customers 1) Research on the application of business model in e-commerce environment. It includes various commercial activities based on e-commerce, such as online shopping, online publishing, online marketing, online negotiation, online securities trading, online auction, online banking, distance ecation and training, etc 2) Marketing research in e-commerce environment. This paper analyzes the influence of e-commerce on various existing marketing channels, studies the psychological and behavioral characteristics of consumers under the network economy, studies the theory and method of E-marketing, marketing strategy and information dissemination mode, etc 3) Research on different ways and business strategies for enterprises to enter the field of e-commerce 4) Research on the mode of electronic market (EM). Including negotiation, auction, online market mechanism, etc 5) Research on the effective collection and utilization of business information. This paper analyzes the mechanism of network economy, studies the internal mechanism of network economy with e-commerce as the main form, establishes the operation simulation model, and discusses its evaluation and measurement methods 1) The evolution of network economy and its influence on real economy 2) Research on the new rules of network economic competition 3) Research on Agent-based Network economic system simulation model. This paper mainly discusses the operation mechanism of the network economy system, the management and decision-making of enterprises under the e-commerce environment, and the ways and methods of the government's macro-control 4) Research on the future government management of the Internet. This paper focuses on the influence of network economy on the environment of government operation and the expectation of citizens, the change of government structure and function, and the government's guidance and regulation of Internet development 5) Research on the identification and measurement method of business information value. Research on management change caused by e-commerce studies the change of management mode caused by e-commerce, including the enterprise's strategic view, value view, competition view and development view, involving business strategy, enterprise form, enterprise culture, business process, technological innovation and talent cultivation 1) Research on the theory and method of supply chain management in e-commerce environment 2) Research on logistics management and control in e-commerce environment 3) Research on enterprise restructuring, process reengineering and business transformation in e-commerce environment 4) Research on virtual enterprise merger and acquisition, website Association and group website management in e-commerce environment 5) Network organization design, alliance strategy, internal benefit distribution mechanism and rationality evaluation 6) Research on enterprise culture, enterprise form and cooperation and competition strategy among enterprises in e-commerce environment 7) The theory, method and application of knowledge management. It mainly includes: the transformation from uncoded tacit knowledge to organizational coded knowledge; The dynamic mechanism of knowledge innovation; Knowledge discovery, collection, arrangement, sharing and protection; The development and management of knowledge-based procts and services; Human capital training and innovation incentive research 8) Research on new problem oriented management technology. This paper focuses on the intersection of the existing management technology with behavioral science, computer science, information science, economics and other disciplines in the network economic environment.

2. The concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's idea, open source software was designed and released, and P2P network was built on it. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system.

3. The development of e-commerce in China can be divided into three levels from low to high: the primary stage of single business application in enterprises, the intermediate stage of business integrated application in enterprises, and the advanced stage of supply chain integration among enterprises. At present, the development of e-commerce in China is as follows:

first, large and medium-sized enterprises in China have basically achieved the primary goal of enterprise informatization. China's large-scale enterprise informatization began in the early 1990s, which is marked by the promotion and popularization of enterprise financial computerization. After about 10 years of development, from the basic indicators, more than 98% of China's 15000 large enterprises and about 90% of the medium-sized enterprises have achieved financial computerization< Second, the information transformation of traditional instries has been fully valued, and the proction and management level of enterprises has been greatly improved. In the late 1990s, the "National 863 Plan" strengthened the demonstration of key enterprise informatization, and promoted the promotion of advanced concepts such as concurrent engineering and agile manufacturing in China; Around 2002, the pilot demonstration project of manufacturing informatization application was fully launched. 27 provinces and cities, 46 key cities and nearly 2000 enterprises carried out the pilot demonstration project of manufacturing informatization. ERP / CRM / SCM / PDM and other information management system applications began to enter all sectors of China's national economy, More than half of China's large and medium-sized enterprises have built or are building inherited management information systems< Third, e-commerce among enterprises has begun to rise, and the integrated application of supply chain is still in its infancy. The proportion of e-commerce in automobile, iron and steel, electronics and other instries is relatively high, while the proportion of e-commerce among enterprises in construction, non-ferrous metals and other instries is relatively low. The proportion of e-commerce in various instries is generally less than 10%, which indicates that the overall level of e-commerce in the supply chain of various instries in China is not high and is still in the initial stage of development

large enterprises have become the leading force in the development of e-commerce integrated supply chain in China. The development of e-commerce advanced application in Chinese enterprises is extremely unbalanced. Some large enterprises have made important breakthroughs in the integration of e-commerce services between enterprises based on the supply chain, and become the leading force in the development of e-commerce advanced application in China. For example, Baosteel, Sinopec, Lenovo, founder, Haier and other enterprise groups, on the basis of internal ERP management, actively carry out network marketing, online procurement, supply chain management and customer relationship management through enterprise portal, attracting many small and medium-sized enterprises to form online trade zones

four, professional e-business portal has been heating up, becoming a new growth point of the modern service instry in the future.

e-commerce portal is out of the shadow of the "Internet bubble". The portal websites specializing in e-commerce in China have been heated up recently after the underestimation of the "Internet bubble" in 2000. In 2003, the total number of e-commerce websites in China was 4213, 10.8% higher than that in 2002. Among them, 1657 are influential and in continuous operation, an increase of 8.1% over 2002. With the rising rationality of investors, e-commerce portals no longer only pursue concept speculation, but provide certain value-added services in books, small commodity sales, enterprise market intermediary, etc. a few successful websites have profitability, such as Alibaba, excellence, etc

the instry vertical portal has developed to some extent, but the scale is still small, and the profit model needs to be innovated. The establishment of vertical instry portal is an important means to meet the needs of many small and medium-sized enterprises to expand marketing and sales channels, and to provide market supply and demand information and intermediary services for small and medium-sized enterprises. It is a new growth point for the development of modern service instry in China in the future. However, the scale of these vertical portals is small, and the market viability needs to be improved

in recent years, the application of e-commerce in China has achieved initial results, playing a certain role in the transformation of traditional instries and promoting the upgrading of national economic structure. However, compared with developed countries, it is still in its infancy, which is difficult to meet the urgent needs of national economic development and economic globalization. The e-commerce policy environment needs to be improved, and the application level needs to be improved, It is facing important strategic opportunities and challenges. At present, there are several main problems in the development of e-commerce in China:

first, there is a lack of overall guidance at the macro level, and there is a lack of systematic planning at the micro level. As a whole, e-commerce is still in a state of exploratory free development The Ministry of science and technology and other ministries and commissions promote the process of e-commerce from different angles, and have made certain achievements in environmental construction, foreign exchange, application pilot, etc. However, China's e-commerce is still in the exploratory free development state on the whole, the market behavior needs to be further standardized, and the overall application level needs to be further deepened

from the micro level, Chinese enterprises generally lack of understanding of the strategic significance of future informatization in enterprise development, lack of long-term development planning of enterprise informatization, and there are a large number of extreme phenomena, such as negative treatment of informatization and blind and rash development of informatization. On the other hand, most enterprises in China have not yet established a modern enterprise system to adapt to the future development, it is difficult to carry out business process reengineering, and the potential role of informatization can not be fully played< Second, the lag of credit, certification, standards, modern logistics, laws and regulations has become the main bottleneck restricting the development of e-commerce in China. The Ministry of Commerce issued the "China e-commerce report (2003)" to conct a survey from the perspective of enterprises. The results show that the main obstacle restricting the development of China's e-commerce is the immature external environment. Among the top five important factors, environmental factors account for four, which are difficult to implement and supervise electronic contracts, lagging behind the development of traditional logistics, insufficient security and confidentiality of Internet access, and imperfect laws related to e-commerce. Comparatively speaking, the factors that reflect the internal capabilities of enterprises rank relatively low, such as the problems of capital, unreasonable existing business processes, excessive burden of Internet access and use costs, and so on

e to the imperfection of the basic support system, the e-commerce of most enterprises in China is still in the stage of information release, collection and exchange. Only 4.1% of the enterprises are engaged in online purchasing, and only 3.4% are able to sell online. Most of the formal signing of orders and contracts, payment, distribution and other activities are mainly carried out offline, and the scope of e-commerce has become very limited< Third, the low level of informatization of small and medium-sized enterprises is the basic problem restricting the development of e-commerce in China. Due to the weak foundation and insufficient investment of small and medium-sized enterprises, these enterprises have an urgent need for informatization, but it is difficult to undertake the work of information system development and operation in the aspects of capital, technology, talent and management foundation. Therefore, the overall level of informatization of small and medium-sized enterprises in China is low, especially for small enterprises in traditional instries, which is still at the primary level. The development of e-commerce in China needs to strengthen the overall foundation< Fourth, the export-oriented degree of China's e-commerce needs to be improved. China's e-commerce is far from achieving the strategic goal of "participating in international economic and technological cooperation and competition in a larger scope, in a wider field and at a higher level, making full use of both international and domestic markets and resources, optimizing resource allocation and expanding development space"

China has made a lot of efforts in promoting the development of e-commerce, and has made some progress. However, compared with the development level of e-commerce in developed countries, there is still a big gap between them and the internal demand of the transformation of economic growth mode for the development of e-commerce< According to the survey of key enterprises, there are many problems in China's key enterprises, such as low level of information management, imperfect information institutions, insufficient investment in information construction and high construction cost, and insufficient use of computer network in business management. Although 74% of the key enterprises have established websites or homepages on the Internet, only 28% of them have good website quality, and the development of the instry and regions is very uneven. From the perspective of network security, 55.5% of enterprises have no firewall equipment, 64.9% have no security audit system, 67.2% have no intrusion monitoring system, and 72.3% have no website automatic recovery system. In the process of enterprise information construction, the accumulated investment in information technology and equipment accounts for only 0.3% of the total assets, which is far from the level of 8-10% of large enterprises in developed countries. The overall level of enterprise informatization is not high, among which there are problems of capital, technology and talents, but the more important one is the problem of understanding. The enterprise's understanding of the driving role of e-commerce in promoting and improving the economic benefits of enterprises is still insufficient. The mode of developing e-commerce is single, and the way of developing e-commerce for large and medium-sized enterprises is limited< Second, the construction of supporting systems such as credit and modern logistics needs to be further strengthened and improved.
e-credit system is the foundation of e-commerce. Without the establishment of e-credit system, real e-commerce cannot be carried out. Western developed countries have initially completed the construction of e-credit system, but credit card has not been popularized in China so far. According to the survey data of online shopping jointly concted by kesrui market research company and xenow.com, 51% of online shoppers use cash on delivery, only 1 / 3 of them use credit payment, and 15% of them remit money through the post office. In the absence of a sound e-credit system, many e-commerce consumers can only settle accounts in traditional ways
even under the condition of highly developed e-commerce, it is impossible to complete the whole process of business activities only by relying on the network. This is because a considerable part of the physical goods must be delivered to enterprises or consumers by other means of transportation in order to meet the needs of enterprises and consumers. The goods distribution system in developed countries is highly socialized. The enterprises engaged in e-commerce can hand over the distribution task to the enterprises specialized in express delivery business, which is safe, fast and cheap. In China, the current cargo distribution system is not perfect, express business has not been fully developed. Many enterprises engaged in e-commerce have to run their own express business, which can not cover a relatively wide area,

4. The basic idea of payment only management is to ensure the security and efficiency of electronic account.

5. 1、 What is e-commerce?
Professional definition: take electronic and electronic technology as the means, take commerce as the core, move the original traditional sales and shopping channels to the Internet, break the visible and invisible barriers of countries and regions, and make the proction enterprises achieve globalization, networking, invisibility, personalization and integration
in short, it is to use the form of network communication to achieve all kinds of business and trade activities between the buyer and the seller without meeting each other

2. What is an online mall
an online mall is similar to a store in the real world. The simple understanding is to open a store on the Internet. The procts are displayed in the form of pictures, which can be settled by online payment and delivered by express<

3. What is online payment
refers to the transaction of fund transfer and remittance by online third-party platform when both parties settle the payment for goods. For example, the online banking function of the bank card is that the customer directly determines the opposite party's account number in the online banking, confirms the payment password, and directly transfers the money to the opposite party's account number to realize online transfer payment. For example, the three party guarantee payment platform such as Alipay, Cai Fu Tong and so on, the customer first buys the proct, then determines the payment, then transfers the money to Alipay website for preservation. After receiving the merchant's goods, it confirms from Alipay, Alipay will pay the merchant to complete the payment. There are many kinds of online payment. Customers and businesses can use credit card, e-wallet, e-check, e-cash and other electronic payment methods to make online payment. This form can save time and rece handling charges

4. What is B2B?
B2B is the abbreviation of business to business in English. It is the e-commerce mode of business to business, that is, the exchange of procts, services and information between enterprises through the Internet. These processes include: issuing supply and demand information, ordering and confirming orders, payment process and issuing, transmitting and receiving bills, determining distribution plan and monitoring distribution process, etc
the well-known B2B websites in China include Alibaba, Huicong, Wangsheng Shangbao, global resources, made in China, CNKI, Dunhuang, etc; Vertical category: China chemical network, etc

5. What is B2C
B2C is the abbreviation of business to consumer (business to customer), which is commonly known as commercial retail, selling procts and services directly to consumers. This form of e-commerce is generally based on online retail instry, mainly relying on the Internet to carry out online sales activities. B2C mode is the earliest e-commerce mode in China, marked by the formal operation of 8848 online mall
the well-known B2C websites in China include Jingdong Mall, dangdang.com, excellence amazon.com, eason.com, No.1 store, etc; Vertical category: Xindan, haolemai, VANCL, cool sports, left bank women, etc

6. What is C2C?
C2C is the abbreviation of consumer to consumer. C2C, like B2B and B2C, is one of the models of e-commerce. The difference is that C2C is an indivial to indivial e-commerce mode. C2C business platform provides an online trading platform for both buyers and sellers, so that the seller can actively provide goods for online auction, while the buyer can choose goods for bidding
at present, the well-known C2C websites in China are taobao.com, ebay.com, paipaipai.com and lekutian.com

7. What is B2G?
B2G mode is the operation mode of transaction activities between enterprises and the government through the network, such as electronic customs clearance, electronic tax declaration, etc. For example, a website providing B2G services can provide a single local business to locate applications and tax formats for one or more levels of government (city, state or province, country, etc.); Provide the ability to send, fill in and pay for the completed forms; Update enterprise information; Asking for answers to specific questions, etc. B2G may also include e-procurement services, through which businesses can understand the agency's purchase needs and request the agency's response to the proposal. B2G is sometimes called e-government

8. What is Groupon mode
can be simply summarized as a multi win (consumers, businesses) e-commerce and offline consumption mode. Consumers, businesses and website operators get what they need to maximize resource allocation. At present, the well-known Groupon model websites in China include meituan, lashou, f Tuan, glutinous rice, full house, etc< At first, the portal website provided search engine and directory services. Later, e to the increasingly fierce market competition, the portal website had to rapidly expand various new business types, hoping to attract and retain Internet users through a wide range of business, so that the current portal website business is all inclusive, Become the "department store" or "Internet supermarket" in the Internet world. From the current situation, the portal mainly provides news, search engine, network access, chat room, electronic bulletin board, free email, video information, e-commerce, online community, online games, free web space, and so on. In China, the typical portal websites are sina.com, netease.com and sohu.com

2. Website traffic
generally speaking, website traffic refers to the number of visits to a website, which is used to describe the number of users visiting a website and the number of pages that users browse. The commonly used statistical indicators include the number of independent users, the total number of users (including repeated visitors), the number of page views, the number of page views of each user, the number of page views of each user, the number of page views of each user The average stay time of users in the website, etc

3. Online advertising
online advertising is advertising on the Internet. It is a kind of high-tech advertising operation mode that uses the advertising banners, text links and multimedia methods on the website to publish or publish advertisements on the Internet and deliver them to Internet users through the network. Compared with the traditional four major media (newspapers, magazines, television, radio) advertising and the recently popular outdoor advertising, network advertising has unique advantages and is an important part of the implementation of modern marketing media strategy. Internet is a brand-new advertising media with the fastest speed and ideal effect. It is a good way for small and medium-sized enterprises to expand and expand, especially for companies that widely carry out international business< Conversion rates, also known as conversion rates. In the field of Internet, conversion rate refers to the ratio of the number of visits made by users to the total number of visits. It should be noted that the corresponding actions mentioned here can be user login, user registration, user subscription, user download, user purchase and other user behaviors. Therefore, website conversion rate is a broad concept. Take user login as an example. If there are 10 login websites in every 100 visits, the login conversion rate of this website is 10%. If there are two users subscribing, the subscription conversion rate is 2%. If there is one user placing an order, the purchase conversion rate is 1%. It should be noted that at present, many people only define website conversion rate as registration conversion rate or order conversion rate, which is a narrow concept of website conversion rate. Conversion rate = the number of visits / the total number of visits, which measures the attraction of website content to visitors and the publicity effect of the website

5. Bounce rate
bounce rate refers to the percentage of users who leave a group of pages or a page after browsing only one page. Bounce times refers to the number of times a visitor exits from the entry page without visiting any other page of your website. So the algorithm of the jump out rate is: the number of times you leave the website after browsing a page / the number of times you enter the website = the jump out rate<

6. Two jump rate
the concept of two jump rate is that when the website page is expanded, the user's first click on the page is called "two jump", and the number of two jumps is "two jump amount". The ratio of the amount of two hops to the number of views is called the rate of two hops of a page. This is an important indicator to measure the quality of external traffic

7. Visit page
the effective flow is that the visitors of network promotion visit more than 5 pages. Visiting more than 10 pages is high-quality traffic, and visiting less than 2 pages is garbage traffic

8. Stay time
more than 3 minutes is the effective flow; More than 6 minutes is high quality flow; Less than one minute is the garbage flow

9. Two jump rate data
to promote the home page, more than 70% of the two jump rate is high-quality traffic

10. Conversion rate data
promotion purchase conversion rate of more than 1% is high-quality traffic

11. PR value
the full name of PR value is PageRank, which is a method used by Google to evaluate the "importance" of a web page

12. Web1.0
Web1.0 era is an era of competing for the best network, which is the general name of the first generation of Internet applications. The main feature of Web1.0 is that users get information through browser

13. Web2.0
Web2.0 is a new kind of Internet applications relative to Web1.0. Web2.0 pays more attention to the interaction of users. Users are not only the browser of website content, but also the procer of website content. The so-called website content maker means that every user on the Internet is not only a reader of the Internet, but also an author of the Internet; Not only surfing on the Internet, but also making waves; In the mode, it develops from simple "reading" to "writing" and "joint construction"; From passively receiving Internet information to actively creating Internet information, so as to be more humanized< 3. Common marketing methods of e-commerce

1. Network media: portal website advertising, client software advertising< SEM: competitive ranking, alliance advertising
3. EDM e-mail marketing: internal e-mail group sending, third-party platform, database integrated marketing, etc
4. Community marketing: BBS promotes (posts and activities) SNS
5. CPS sales on a commission basis: sales share (joint distribution, achievement net, chuangmeng)
6. SEO: search engine optimization
7. Points marketing: points exchange, points discount, points purchase, etc
8. DM Directory: traditional single directory, such as macallin, red child, Fanke, PPG
9. Offline activities: exhibitions, experience stores, etc
10. Traditional media: TV, radio, newspapers and magazines
11. Sns social media: everyone, happy, etc
12. Microblog: short for microblog, such as Sina, Tencent, QQ microblog< Taobao Wangpu is a value-added service and function developed by Taobao, which is a more personalized and luxurious store interface. Make the customer shopping experience better, more likely to have the desire to buy. It realizes a more open shop decoration mode, supports visual editing and WYSIWYG operation mode, can freely add moles, cooperate with various new functions, and customize its own personalized shop, bringing a refreshing shopping experience for buyers. Make the shop more professional and personalized

6. The role of computer network in economic construction
[Abstract] the development of computer and network technology promotes human society to enter the information age. In the future society, computer will make a series of changes in economic structure, employment direction, international economic form and trade form, and it will become the soul of our social life, economy and all development. Starting from the relationship between computer network and economy, this paper analyzes the influence of computer network on economy, and how to use computer network to promote greater economic development
[Key words] computer network economy e-commerce

in the 21st century, knowledge economy is a modern information technology marked by computer, satellite communication, optical cable communication and digital technology. Under the condition of knowledge economy, the real economic operation is mainly manifested in two major trends: informatization and globalization. These two trends are closely related to the development of computer technology and computer. With the development of modern information technology, the traditional boundaries between countries and nationalities have become increasingly blurred, and the whole world has become a small "global village", which makes the world economic development present an obvious trend of globalization. Therefore, knowledge economy is essentially a global network economy with modern information technology as the core< The relationship between computer network and economic development is summarized as a new economic form based on computer network (especially Internet) and with modern information technology as the core. It not only refers to the rise and rapid growth of the information technology instry with computer as the core, but also includes the rise and rapid development of the whole high-tech instry based on modern computer technology. It also includes the profound revolutionary changes and leaping development of traditional instries and traditional economic sectors caused by the promotion and application of high-tech. Therefore, we must not regard the network economy as a pure "virtual" economy which is independent of and completely opposite to the traditional economy. In fact, it is an advanced economic development form based on traditional economy and upgraded by modern information technology with computer as the core. Deepening the research and understanding of knowledge economy, it is not difficult to find that although there are many descriptions of the future economy, such as knowledge economy, information economy, post instrial economy, new economy, attention economy and so on, their basis is the same, that is, computers and computer networks, especially the Internet
while computer network promotes the development of network economy, with the development of e-commerce, e-money and e-government, higher requirements are put forward for computer technology and network technology. This not only needs to strengthen the network construction, through TCP / IP to build a full range of public communication service network interconnection, enhance the web function; We should also strengthen the development of related software technology to meet the needs of building a new form of business application environment, such as Java technology, XML technology and component technology. At the same time, network security issues have a great impact on e-commerce and other activities, which requires increasing the pace of network security construction, establishing a comprehensive network security system (such as OSI security system) as soon as possible, encrypting data and establishing various authentication systems, so that a series of activities such as online transactions can be carried out safely and accurately, This is also one of the most basic conditions for the survival and development of network economy< Second, develop computer network to promote economic construction
1. Promote the development of computer technology to meet the needs of economic development
the application of computer technology has spread throughout every corner of our lives and is changing our way of life. It can be said that it is the most important scientific and technological innovation in the 20th century. Its development speed is amazing, and it has penetrated into almost every economic sector, At the same time, economic development also calls for faster progress and innovation of computer technology. With the prosperity of network economy and the deepening development of e-commerce, e-banking and e-finance, a series of network and computer problems appear, such as network security, multimedia transmission and network speed problems, which need to be solved urgently. All these require us to constantly promote the development of computer technology to meet the needs of economic development< The lack and distortion of information is a very important factor that restricts the development of enterprises. When an enterprise expands its proction scale, the supervision cost will multiply. All enterprises should pay attention to the new channel of network marketing and establish their own network system. The establishment of enterprise internal network system can not only form a network independently, but also connect to the international Internet. It can be internal or external, and has great advantages. The internal network system will have an inestimable impact on the enterprise's technical database, research and development, proct design, technological process, management mode, marketing, after-sales service, technical feedback, etc. General motors, Boeing McDonnell Douglas, BMW, tireli rubber, Toyota, Toshiba and Kao have established their own internal networks. Some of them also have their own satellite communication systems.

7. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning System) is proposed by Gartner Group in 1990. Mainstream business management ecation such as MBA, CEO must read 12 articles and EMBA all pay attention to the application and strategic significance of ERP in modern enterprise management. Enterprise resource planning is the next generation of manufacturing system and resource planning software of MRP Ⅱ. In addition to the existing functions of MRP Ⅱ, such as proction resource planning, manufacturing, finance, sales and procurement, there are quality management, laboratory management, business process management, proct data management, inventory, distribution and transportation management, human resource management and periodic reporting system< ERP is a kind of supply chain management idea put forward by Gartner Group, an American computer technology consulting and evaluation group. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a management platform which is based on information technology and provides decision-making means for enterprise decision-makers and employees with systematic management ideas. ERP system supports discrete, process and other mixed manufacturing environment, and its application scope spreads from manufacturing instry to retail instry, service instry, banking instry, telecommunications instry, government agencies and schools The portable open system integrates the enterprise resources effectively
it combines the characteristics of discrete proction and process proction, faces the global market, includes all the leading and supporting capabilities in the supply chain, coordinates all the management departments of the enterprise around the market orientation, carries out business activities more flexibly or "flexibly", and responds to the market demand in real time. Therefore, it is necessary to redefine the business relationship among suppliers, distributors and manufacturers, reconstruct the business and information process and organizational structure of enterprises, so as to make enterprises have greater initiative in market competition
ERP is a kind of enterprise information management system, which integrates material resources, capital resources and information resources for manufacturing instry. ERP is an enterprise management software which takes management accounting as the core and can provide real-time information integration across regions, departments and even companies. For material resource management (logistics), human resource management (human flow), financial resource management (financial flow), information resource management (information flow) integration of enterprise management software
the proposal of ERP is inseparable from the high development of computer technology. Users have greater initiative to the system, and the functions involved in computer-aided management have far exceeded the scope of MRP II. The functions of ERP include not only MRP Ⅱ (manufacturing, supply and marketing, Finance), but also multi factory management, quality management, laboratory management, equipment maintenance management, warehouse management, transportation management, process control interface, data acquisition interface, electronic communication, e-mail, regulations and standards, project management, financial investment management, market information management, etc. It will redefine various businesses and their relationships, adopt a more flexible way in management and organization, and respond to the changes of supply-demand relationship in the supply chain (including the changes caused by the development of regulations, standards and Technology) in a synchronous, agile and real-time manner; On the basis of accurate, timely and complete information, we should make correct decisions and take active measures. Compared with MRP Ⅱ, ERP not only expands the management function, but also adopts the latest achievements of computer technology, such as expanding the user-defined scope, object-oriented technology, client / server architecture, multiple database platforms, SQL structured query language, graphical user interface, 4GL / case, window technology, artificial intelligence, simulation technology and so on< The application of information technology in enterprise management can be divided into the following development stages:
a.mis stage (Management Information System)
enterprise information management system mainly records a large number of original data, supports query, summary and other aspects
B. MRP stage (material require planning)
the enterprise's information management system manages the proct composition. With the help of the computing ability of the computer and the management ability of the system to customer orders, in stock materials and proct composition, the enterprise can expand and calculate the material demand plan according to the customer orders and proct structure list. Achieve the goal of recing inventory and optimizing inventory management< Based on the MRP management system, the system adds the management of proction center, processing time and proction capacity, so as to realize the proction scheling function of computer, and also include the financial function, so as to form a closed-loop management system with computer as the core, This management system has been able to dynamically monitor the whole proction process of proction, supply and marketing
D. enterprise resource planning
after entering the ERP stage, the enterprise level management system with computer as the core is more mature, and the system has added functions including financial forecast, proction capacity, adjustment of resource scheling, etc. Cooperate with enterprises to realize the functions of JIT management, quality management, proction resource scheling management and assistant decision-making. It has become a platform tool for enterprise proction management and decision-making< The maturity of ERP technology in the era of e-commerce increases the ability of enterprise information management system to share information and exchange data directly with customers or suppliers, so as to strengthen the relationship between enterprises, form a survival chain of common development, and embody the ideal of supply chain management for enterprises to achieve survival and competition. ERP system realizes this function, and makes decision-makers and business departments realize joint operations across enterprises< The ERP system includes the following main functions: supply chain management, sales and marketing, distribution, customer service, financial management, manufacturing management, inventory management, plant and equipment maintenance, human resources, reports, manufacturing
executive
system (MES), workflow service and enterprise information system. In addition, it also includes financial investment management, quality management, transportation management, project management, regulations and standards, process control and other complementary functions
ERP is a management information system that integrates all the resources of an enterprise into a whole. In short, it is a management information system that integrates the three major flows of an enterprise: logistics, capital flow and information flow. Its function mole is different from the previous MRP or MRPII mole. It can not only be used for the management of proction enterprises, but also can be imported into ERP system for resource planning and management in many other types of enterprises, such as some non proction and public welfare enterprises
in an enterprise, general management mainly includes three aspects: proction control (planning and manufacturing), logistics management (distribution, procurement and inventory management) and financial management (Accounting and financial management). These three systems themselves are integrators. They have corresponding interfaces with each other and can be well integrated to manage the enterprise. In addition, it should be specially mentioned that with the strengthening of enterprises' emphasis on human resource management, more and more ERP manufacturers have incorporated human resource management into an important part of ERP system< Fourth, supply chain management is the management of enterprise supply chain, that is, the management of market, demand, order, raw material procurement, proction, inventory, supply, distribution and delivery, including every link from proction to delivery, from supplier to customer. Supply chain is the business cycle system that enterprises rely on for survival, and it is the most important subject in the enterprise e-commerce management. Statistics show that the enterprise supply chain can consume up to 25% of the operating costs. SCM can bring the following benefits to enterprises: (1) increase the accuracy of prediction 2) Rece inventory, improve delivery capacity 3) Rece workflow cycle, improve proctivity, rece supply chain costs 4) Rece the overall procurement cost, shorten the proction cycle, and speed up the market response
with the rapid development of Internet, more and more enterprises begin to use network to realize SCM. That is to say, the Internet is used to integrate the upstream and downstream enterprises of enterprises, with the center manufacturer as the core, and the upstream raw materials and spare parts suppliers, downstream distributors, logistics carriers, proct service providers and banks as a whole to form a complete e-commerce supply chain for the end customers. The purpose is to rece the purchasing cost and logistics cost, improve the response speed of the enterprise to the market and final customer demand, so as to improve the market competitiveness of enterprise procts< Sales and market is the proct of commodity economy and develops with the development of commodity economy. As long as there is commodity proction and commodity exchange, there must be a market, so there is an objective and inevitable relationship between commodity sales and market. The commodity proction and exchange of indivial and private enterprises are not restricted by the state plan. They are completely proced and developed in the market environment. For this reason, the indivial and private enterprises must establish correct market concept, especially pay attention to market research, which is the prerequisite for good commodity proction and sales, and the guarantee for the enterprises to remain invincible in the fierce market competition
the market concept is the guiding ideology that all proction and operation activities of an enterprise are based on meeting the needs of users. The concrete contents of modern market concept mainly include: (1) users are the center of enterprise activities, and enterprises determine their own proction and operation direction according to the needs of users 2) The marketing activities of enterprises should be integrated, coordinated, and centered on meeting the needs of users 3) While meeting the needs of users, realize the profit of the enterprise. In the strategy of making profits, we do not focus on the size of each transaction profit, but consider the long-term development of the enterprise, and take striving for customers, establishing a good corporate image, developing the market and increasing the market share as the goal of the enterprise, so as to make profits
market research, also known as marketing research, is to use certain methods and proceres to collect, sort out and analyze the marketing data of goods and services related to consumer demand, conct market analysis and planning, and determine marketing strategies. In order to do well in the financial management of enterprises, we must also pay attention to the market and strengthen the research of marketing. This is because: first, the market is the intermediary between proction and consumption. It can sensitively reflect the changes and conditions of social demand. If an enterprise wants to occupy a favorable position in the competition, it should grasp the market dynamics in time; Second, if an enterprise wants to achieve the maximum financial benefit with the least cost, it must proce and operate marketable procts that meet the needs of the market through market research; Third, the purchase and sale activities of enterprises must rely entirely on the marketing mechanism, which is determined by the proction and operation characteristics of indivial and private enterprises. The main contents of market research include market research, market forecast and sales strategy< Six, financial management mole
in the enterprise, clear financial management is extremely important. Therefore, it is an indispensable part of the whole ERP scheme. The financial mole in ERP is different from the general financial software. As a part of ERP system, it has corresponding interfaces with other moles of the system and can integrate with each other, such as

8. Instrial Engineering Foundation (Work Research): use method research and work measurement (work measurement) to analyze various factors affecting work efficiency, help enterprises tap potential, innovate, eliminate waste of manpower, material resources, financial resources and time, rece labor intensity, reasonably arrange work, and make work time, so as to improve work efficiency. Methods the purpose of the study is to rece the workload and establish more economical operation methods; The purpose of time study is to establish corresponding time standard. Facility planning and Design: carry out specific planning and design for the system (factory, hospital, school, store, etc.), including site selection, plane layout, logistics analysis, material handling method and equipment selection, etc., so that the proction factors and subsystems (design, manufacturing, supply, logistics support, sales and other departments) can be reasonably configured according to IE requirements, Form an effective integration system. It involves se, or, work research, group technology, management information system, ergonomics, engineering economics, computer simulation and other knowledge. Proction planning and control: study the organization, planning, scheling and control of proction process and resources to ensure the effective operation of proction system. It includes time and space organization of proction process, proction and operation plan, proction line balance, inventory control, etc. Methods: network planning (PERT, CPM), EOQ, EPQ, MRP, MRP-II and JIT. Engineering Economy: the necessary economic knowledge of IE, which is the principle and method of investment benefit analysis and evaluation. Through the economic research of the whole proction system, the cost and profit calculation of various technical schemes, and the investment risk evaluation and comparison, the decision-making basis is provided for selecting the scheme with advanced technology, the highest benefit or the lowest cost. Including: engineering economic principle, time value of capital, reliability research of engineering project, economic analysis of technical transformation and equipment renewal. Value engineering: seeking high efficiency and low cost solutions, mainly used in the development process of new procts and new technologies. Quality management and reliability technology: including quality investigation, planning, organization, coordination and control to ensure the proct or work quality. The core is to reach the specified quality standards, strictly check and control the proction with scientific methods, and prevent the occurrence of non-conforming procts. The contents include traditional quality control methods, modern quality management assurance, proction assurance, total quality control TQC and total quality control TQM. Reliability technology is the principle and method of effective operation of existing systems, including reliability concept, fault and diagnosis analysis, operational reliability, system reliability design, system maintenance and maintenance strategy, etc. Ergonomics: also known as human engineering or human factors or ergonomics, it is an interdisciplinary science that studies the interaction among human, machine and environment in proction system by comprehensively using the knowledge of physiology, psychology, hygiene, anthropometry, sociology and engineering technology, Is an important branch of IE and expertise. Through the research on the human body function, energy consumption, fatigue measurement, the relationship between environment and efficiency in the operation, scientific job design, facilities and tools design, work site layout, and determination of reasonable operation methods are carried out in the system design, so that the operators can obtain a safe, healthy, comfortable and reliable operation environment, so as to improve the work efficiency. Human resource development and management: To study how to effectively utilize human resources and improve the quality of workers (sense of commitment, dedication and loyalty to the organization, good communication ability and ability, sense of social responsibility, professional and technical skills and sensitivity to change) Corporate culture Technical training and in-service ecation Incentive mechanism Political and ideological work management information system: it provides information support for the operation, management and decision-making of an enterprise. It is an important basis and means of modern IE application. Including the composition of computer management system, database technology, information system design and development MRP-II, ERP, PDM, CIMS) modern manufacturing system: the foundation and components of IE, including GT, CAPP, FMC and FMS, CIMS, computer integrated manufacturing, agile manufacturing, virtual enterprise, network manufacturing, virtual manufacturing, reconfigurable manufacturing system, etc There are many kinds of manufacturing systems, such as holonic manufacturing system, agent-based manufacturing system, self-organizing manufacturing system and so on.