The first virtual currency

1. In addition to bitcoin, there are many other virtual currencies in the virtual world< Liteoin (LTC) was released on October 7, 2011, and is currently the most valuable counterfeit currency, accounting for about 2% of BTC's market value. The current unit price is US $2.31, with a total currency value of US $38 million

this is also a distributed (decentralized) digital currency. Unlike the sha256 mining algorithm used by bitcoin, LTC adopts scrypt algorithm. Scrypt algorithm uses sha256 as its subroutine, and scrypt itself needs a lot of memory. Each hash is used as the seed of the input, and then it needs a lot of memory to store another pseudo-random sequence to generate the pseudo-random points of the sequence and output the hash value. In the mining of BTC (bitcoin), it is not enough to rely on simple graphics card mining (it takes about ten to dozens of days to dig a BTC with general configuration graphics card). The emergence of various expensive mining machines has raised the threshold for ordinary people to get BTC through mining, while LTC has certain advantages in using PC graphics card mining This passage comes from Zhihu.)

compared with BTC, litecain has made a little improvement in technology. If BTC is gold now, LTC is silver for the time being

the biggest advantage of litecoin is that it can confirm the authenticity faster. The virtual currency is designed and maintained by Charles Lee. Bitcoin transactions need to be verified, and the average verification time is more than 10 minutes. Most transaction websites need 1 hour to verify. The average transaction confirmation time of liteoin is 2.5 minutes. Developers claim that shortening the verification time increases the practicability of virtual currency. The bitcoin mining efficiency of customized machine and AMD GPU is the highest, making it almost unprofitable for miners using CPU mining. Litecain's mining excludes GPUs and custom processors, so it doesn't rely too much on a small number of professional miners

ppcoin

ppcoin (PPC) was released on August 19, 2012, which has improved the original technology of BTC. Use proof of make and add the concept of coin age

ppcoin is a bifurcated project of bitcoin, which aims to achieve energy efficiency and maintain the best performance of the original bitcoin as far as possible. The unit price of ppcoin is US $0.22 and the total currency value is US $4 million

ppcoin does not have a fixed upper limit of money supply, but it does not mean that ppcoin has obvious inflation compared with bitcoin. Bitcoin can be compared to gold. The annual inflation rate of gold is about 1-3%. Although gold has no known upper limit of money supply, we still know that it is a reliable scarce commodity

ppcoin has two types of casting: work certificate and equity certificate. The coinage rate of working proof is affected by Moore's law, which depends on the doubling of our working proof ability. What we all know is that Moore's law will eventually come to an end. By then, the ppcoin of inflation may be close to the gold level. The annual maximum inflation rate of certificate of equity is 1%. At the same time, ppcoin's transaction costs were destroyed to fight inflation. So on the whole, the coin design of ppcoin is still a very low inflation design in the future, which can be comparable with bitcoin<

ppcoin's reward is similar to lottery, which will determine the winning probability according to the number of ppcoin held by miners. Sunny king, one of the founders, said that their design is based on a new concept of long-term energy efficiency

terracoin

terracoin (TRC) was released on October 26, 2012, with a total currency of 42 million. The speed of each block is 2 minutes, slightly faster than LTC. There is not much special in technology, similar to the proction of BTC halved every four years

however, the operation team seems to have a strong business background and may be better than other bitcoins in circulation. The development of virtual currency is getting more and more attention. Now some teams with business background will accelerate the development of virtual currency

namecoin

namecoin is a distributed domain name system based on bitcoin technology. Its principle is the same as bitcoin. The first release date of this open source software is April 18, 2011

namecoin is generated from an original block which is different from bitcoin's main trading block. It uses a new blockchain, which is independent of bitcoin's blockchain. Because it is based on bitcoin, the security, distribution, robustness, encryption and migration of domain names are guaranteed mathematically. You can dig bitcoin and namecoin at the same time

this project was discussed and proposed by bitdns, which is mainly dissatisfied with the defects of DNS. The only top-level domain name of namecoin is. Bit. It costs namecoin to register a. Bit domain name

in addition, Q currency, Shanda currency, starting point currency and various online game currencies are also virtual currencies.

2. At present, digital currency is not really in circulation in any country. In South America, there was a small country that wanted to issue its own sovereign digital currency, but there was no latest progress. Of course, China, Britain and other big countries have planned to issue digital currency, but it is still in a testing stage and has not really implemented it
the first country to recognize bitcoin as legal was Germany, which first defined bitcoin as an alternative currency. Of course, in the future, sovereign digital currencies may be popular, and digital cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin, Ruitai coin, Laite coin and vitality coin will become a supplement.

4. The first was bitcoin. You can go to oyuan.com

5. The earliest electronic currency is bitcoin
on November 1, 2008, a person who called himself Satoshi Nakamoto posted a research statement on a secret cryptography review group, stating his new idea of electronic currency bitcoin came out, and the first transaction of bitcoin was completed. Bitcoin has got rid of the constraints of third-party institutions with the help of information technology, which Nakamoto calls "regional chain". Users are willing to dedicate the computing power of CPU and run a special software to be a "digger", which will form a network to maintain the "regional chain". In the process, they also generate new money. Trading also extends on this network. The computer running this software can solve the problem of irreversible code, which contains several trading data. The first miner to deal with the problem will get a 50 bitcoin reward, and the relevant trading area will join the chain. As the number of "miners" increases, the difficulty of each puzzle also increases, which keeps the proctivity of bitcoin in each trading area at about 10 minutes
bitcoin was originally a kind of network virtual currency, similar to Tencent's q-coin, but it has been able to buy real-life goods. It is characterized by decentralization, anonymity, and can only be used in the digital world. It does not belong to any country or financial institution, and is not subject to geographical restrictions. It can be exchanged anywhere in the world. Therefore, it is used as a money laundering tool by some criminals. In 2013, the U.S. government recognized the legal status of bitcoin, making the price of bitcoin soar. In China, on November 19, 2013, a bitcoin was equivalent to 6989 yuan
starting from the essence of bitcoin, the essence of bitcoin is actually a special solution generated by a bunch of complex algorithms. A special solution is one of the infinite (in fact, bitcoin is finite) solutions that can be obtained from the equations. Every particular solution can solve the equation and is unique. In the metaphor of RMB, bitcoin is the serial number of RMB. If you know the serial number of a note, you have the note. The process of mining is to constantly seek the special solution of this equation system through a huge amount of calculation. This equation system is designed to have only 21 million special solutions, so the upper limit of bitcoin is 21 million
on January 7, 2014, Taobao announced that it would ban the sale of Internet virtual currencies such as bitcoin and lightcoin from January 14. On February 26, 2014, Democratic Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia issued an open letter to a number of regulatory authorities of the US federal government, hoping that relevant institutions would pay attention to the current situation of bitcoin encouraging illegal activities and disrupting the financial order, and demanded that actions be taken as soon as possible to completely ban the electronic currency
recently, the news of bitcoin's soaring price appeared on the news, and it began to attract people's attention again!

6. China is the first country in the world to use currency. According to the literature records and a large number of unearthed cultural relics, the origin of Chinese currency has a history of at least 4000 years. The development of Chinese currency culture has a long history, from the original shell coin to cloth coin, knife coin, round coin, ant nose coin and fangkong coin popular after the unification of China by the first emperor of Qin Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, jiaozi appeared in China
the emergence of paper money is a great progress in the history of money. Some people think that the origin of Chinese paper money can be traced back to the "white deer skin money" of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and the "flying money" of emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, the National Treasury was empty because of the long-term war with Xiongnu. In order to solve the financial difficulties, the "three baht coins" and "white gold coins" (alloy coins made of silver and tin) were coined, and the "white deer skin coins" were issued at the same time. The so-called "white deer skin coin" uses the white deer skin of the palace as the coin material. Each piece is one square foot, and the surrounding color is painted. The value of each piece is 400000. Because its value is far away from its own value, the "white deer skin coin" is only used as a tribute between kings and princes, not used in the field of circulation, so it is not a real sense of paper money, only a pioneer of paper money“ "Feiqian" appeared in the middle of Tang Dynasty. At that time, when merchants went out to do business with a large amount of copper money, there were many inconveniences. They first went to the official to issue a certificate, which recorded the place and the number of coins, and then went to other places to withdraw money and buy goods with the certificate. This certificate is called "feiqian"“ In essence, "flying money" is only a kind of exchange business. It does not intervene in circulation and does not function as currency. Therefore, it is not paper money in the real sense. In the Northern Song Dynasty, "Jiaozi" in Cheng, Sichuan Province was the beginning of real paper money
it is not accidental that paper money appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty, it is the inevitable proct of social, political and economic development. The commodity economy developed rapidly in Song Dynasty, and more money was needed in commodity circulation. However, the shortage of copper money at that time could not meet the demand in circulation. At that time, the iron coin was used in Sichuan area, which was of low value and heavy weight, and was extremely inconvenient to use. At that time, one copper coin was worth ten iron coins. The weight of one thousand iron coins was 25 Jin for a large coin and 13 Jin for a medium coin. It costs 20000 yuan to buy a piece of cloth. It weighs about 500 Jin. It takes a car. Therefore, we need light money objectively, which is the main reason why paper money first appeared in Sichuan. Moreover, although the Northern Song Dynasty was a highly centralized feudal autocratic country, the national currency was not unified, and there were several currency areas, which were independent and not universal. At that time, there were 13 routes (administrative units in Song Dynasty) dedicated to copper coins, 4 routes dedicated to iron coins, and Shaanxi and Hedong used both copper and iron coins. The use of paper money can prevent the outflow of copper and iron money. In addition, the Song Dynasty government was often attacked by Liao, Xia and Jin Dynasties, and the military expenses and reparations were very large. It also needed to issue paper money to make up for the fiscal deficit. Various reasons contributed to the emergence of "Jiaozi"
the original jiaozi was issued freely by merchants. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, "Jiaozi shop" appeared in Cheng, Sichuan Province, which specialized in keeping cash for merchants carrying huge sums of money. The depositor delivers the cash to the shop owner. The shop owner temporarily fills in the amount of cash deposited by the depositor on a roll made of paper, and then returns it to the depositor. When the depositor withdraws the cash, he pays the shop owner the interest of 30 Wen, that is, 3% of the deposit fee. This paper voucher which temporarily fills in the deposit amount is called "Jiaozi". At this time, "Jiaozi" is just a kind of certificate of deposit and withdrawal, not currency
with the development of commodity economy, "Jiaozi" is more and more widely used. Many businessmen jointly set up jiaozi shops specializing in issuing and exchanging "Jiaozi", and set up jiaozi sub shops in various places. Due to the fact that jiaozi shop owners abide by the credit and take it as they come, the printed "Jiaozi" pattern is exquisite, it is hidden as a mark, there are mistakes between black and red, and it is difficult for others to forge their own words, so "Jiaozi" has won a high reputation. In order to avoid the trouble of carrying coins, there are more and more cases of large-scale transactions between merchants who directly use "Jiaozi" to pay for money at any time. It is in the repeated circulation process that jiaozi has graally acquired the character of credit currency. Later, jiaozi shop owners found that only using part of their deposits would not endanger the reputation of Jiaozi. So they began to print jiaozi with uniform denomination and format, which was issued to the market as a new means of circulation. This kind of "Jiaozi" has been the symbol of coins, and has really become paper money. However, jiaozi was not recognized by the government at this time, and it was still a private issue
however, not all jiaozi shops are law-abiding and trustworthy. There are some greedy shop owners who are greedy for profits, who cheat maliciously and shut down their business after they have made excessive payments; Or misappropriate deposits, run other business failure and bankruptcy, so that the "Jiaozi" can not be cashed. In this way, when depositors can't withdraw money, they often cause trouble and litigation. Therefore, ring the reign of Jingde (1004-1007), Zhang Yong, the governor of Yizhou, reorganized jiaozi shops, eliminated outlaws, and managed them exclusively by 16 wealthy merchants. So far, the issue of Jiaozi was approved by the government
in the first year of Tiansheng (1023), the government set up jiaozi business in Yizhou, and one or two officials of the Jing Dynasty acted as supervisors to preside over the distribution of Jiaozi, and "set up a papermaking house to eliminate the disadvantages of forgery" to strictly control the printing process. This is the earliest paper money officially issued by the government in China - "guanjiaozi". It issued paper money 600 or 700 years earlier than the United States (1692), France (1716) and other western countries, so it is also the earliest paper money in the world
in the early stage of the issuance of "guanjiaozi", its shape was modeled on the "private relationship" among the people, and stamped with the seal of the state, but the amount of money temporarily filled in was different, generally from consistent to ten, and the circulation scope was specified. In the reign of emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, it was changed into five Guan and ten Guan. By the time of emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, it was changed to two kinds: Yiguan and wuwuwen. There are also restrictions on the amount of issue. It is stipulated that the issue shall be divided into three years (two years in full) for each sector, and the new one shall be exchanged for the old one. The first jiaozi issue was 1 256 340 units, with a reserve capital of 360 000 units (taking Sichuan tieqian as the note capital), and the reserve was equivalent to 28% of the issue“ The circulation scope of Jiaozi was basically limited in Sichuan. Later, although it was popular in Shaanxi and Hedong, it was soon abolished< In 1107, the Song government changed "Jiaozi" to "qianyin" and "jiaoziwu" to "qianyinwu". In addition to Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Huguang and other places still use "Jiaozi", other roads use "qianyin". Later, Sichuan changed jiaozi to qianyin in 1109“ The biggest difference between "Qian Yin" and "Jiao Zi" is that it takes "Luo" as the unit“ The paper, printing, picture and seal of "Qian Yin" are excellent. But "Qian Yin" did not buy notes, and was not allowed to exchange them, so the value of paper vouchers dropped sharply. In the Jiading period of the Southern Song Dynasty, each coin was only worth 100 Wen in cash
"Jiaozi" is a great achievement in the history of currency in our country, which facilitates business contacts and makes up for the lack of cash. In addition, "Jiaozi", as the earliest banknote issued in China and even in the world, also occupies an important position in the history of printing and printmaking, which is of great significance to the study of ancient banknote printing technology in China.

7. As for the origin of money, paper money is a common form of money in the world. The earliest paper money in the world is Jiaozi in Cheng, Sichuan Province in the Northern Song Dynasty. China is the first country in the world to use currency. According to the literature records and a large number of unearthed cultural relics, the origin of Chinese currency has a history of at least 4000 years. The development of Chinese currency culture has a long history, from the original shell coin to cloth coin, knife coin, round coin, ant nose coin and fangkong coin popular after the unification of China by the first emperor of Qin Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, jiaozi appeared in China. The emergence of paper money is a great progress in the history of money. Some people think that the origin of Chinese paper money can be traced back to the "white deer skin money" of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and the "flying money" of emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, the National Treasury was empty because of the long-term war with Xiongnu. In order to solve the financial difficulties, the "three baht coins" and "white gold coins" (alloy coins made of silver and tin) were coined, and the "white deer skin coins" were issued at the same time. The so-called "white deer skin coin" uses the white deer skin of the palace as the coin material. Each piece is one square foot, and the surrounding color is painted. The value of each piece is 400000. Because its value is far away from its own value, the "white deer skin coin" is only used as a tribute between kings and princes, not used in the field of circulation, so it is not a real sense of paper money, only a pioneer of paper money“ "Feiqian" appeared in the middle of Tang Dynasty. At that time, when merchants went out to do business with a large amount of copper money, there were many inconveniences. They first went to the official to issue a certificate, which recorded the place and the number of coins, and then went to other places to withdraw money and buy goods with the certificate. This certificate is called "feiqian"“ In essence, "flying money" is only a kind of exchange business. It does not intervene in circulation and does not function as currency. Therefore, it is not paper money in the real sense. In the Northern Song Dynasty, "Jiaozi" in Cheng, Sichuan Province was the beginning of real paper money. It is not accidental that paper money appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty, it is the inevitable proct of social, political and economic development. The commodity economy developed rapidly in Song Dynasty, and more money was needed in commodity circulation. However, the shortage of copper money at that time could not meet the demand in circulation. At that time, the iron coin was used in Sichuan area, which was of low value and heavy weight, and was extremely inconvenient to use. At that time, one copper coin was worth ten iron coins. The weight of one thousand iron coins was 25 Jin for a large coin and 13 Jin for a medium coin. It costs 20000 yuan to buy a piece of cloth. It weighs about 500 Jin. It takes a car. Therefore, we need light money objectively, which is the main reason why paper money first appeared in Sichuan. Moreover, although the Northern Song Dynasty was a highly centralized feudal autocratic country, the national currency was not unified, and there were several currency areas, which were independent and not universal. At that time, there were 13 routes (administrative units in Song Dynasty) dedicated to copper coins, 4 routes dedicated to iron coins, and Shaanxi and Hedong used both copper and iron coins. The use of paper money can prevent the outflow of copper and iron money. In addition, the Song Dynasty government was often attacked by Liao, Xia and Jin Dynasties, and the military expenses and reparations were very large. It also needed to issue paper money to make up for the fiscal deficit. Various reasons contributed to the emergence of "Jiaozi". The first jiaozi was issued freely by merchants. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, "Jiaozi shop" appeared in Cheng, Sichuan Province, which specialized in keeping cash for merchants carrying huge sums of money. The depositor delivers the cash to the shop owner. The shop owner temporarily fills in the amount of cash deposited by the depositor on a roll made of paper, and then returns it to the depositor. When the depositor withdraws the cash, he pays the shop owner the interest of 30 Wen, that is, 3% of the deposit fee. This paper voucher which temporarily fills in the deposit amount is called "Jiaozi". At this time, "Jiaozi" is just a kind of certificate of deposit and withdrawal, not currency. With the development of commodity economy, "Jiaozi" has been used more and more widely. Many merchants set up jiaozi shops which specialize in issuing and exchanging "Jiaozi", and set up jiaozi sub shops in various places. Due to the fact that jiaozi shop owners abide by the credit and take it as they come, the printed "Jiaozi" pattern is exquisite, it is hidden as a mark, there are mistakes between black and red, and it is difficult for others to forge their own words, so "Jiaozi" has won a high reputation. In order to avoid the trouble of carrying coins, there are more and more cases of large-scale transactions between merchants who directly use "Jiaozi" to pay for money at any time. It is in the repeated circulation process that jiaozi has graally acquired the character of credit currency. Later, jiaozi shop owners found that only using part of their deposits would not endanger the reputation of Jiaozi. So they began to print jiaozi with uniform denomination and format, which was issued to the market as a new means of circulation. This kind of "Jiaozi" has been the symbol of coins, and has really become paper money. However, jiaozi was not recognized by the government at this time, and it was still a private issue. But not all jiaozi shops are law-abiding and trustworthy. There are some greedy shop owners who are greedy for profits, who cheat maliciously and shut down their business after they have made excessive payments; Or misappropriate deposits, run other business failure and bankruptcy, so that the "Jiaozi" can not be cashed. In this way, when depositors can't withdraw money, they often cause trouble and litigation. Therefore, ring the reign of Jingde (1004-1007), Zhang Yong, the governor of Yizhou, reorganized jiaozi shops, eliminated outlaws, and managed them exclusively by 16 wealthy merchants. So far, the issue of Jiaozi was approved by the government. In the first year of Tiansheng (1023) of emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, the government set up jiaozi business in Yizhou. One or two officials of the Jing Dynasty acted as supervisors to preside over the distribution of Jiaozi, and "set up a papermaking house to eliminate the disadvantages of forgery" to strictly control the printing process. This is the earliest paper money officially issued by the government in China - "guanjiaozi". It issued paper money 600 or 700 years earlier than the United States (1692), France (1716) and other western countries, so it is also the earliest paper money in the world“ In the early stage of the issue of guanjiaozi, its shape was modeled on the private relationship among the people, and stamped with the seal of the state, but the amount of money temporarily filled in was different, generally from one to ten, and the scope of circulation was specified. In the reign of emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, it was changed into five Guan and ten Guan. By the time of emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, it was changed to two kinds: Yiguan and wuwuwen. There are also restrictions on the amount of issue. It is stipulated that the issue shall be divided into three years (two years in full) for each sector, and the new one shall be exchanged for the old one. The first jiaozi issue was 1 256 340 units, with a reserve capital of 360 000 units (taking Sichuan tieqian as the note capital), and the reserve was equivalent to 28% of the issue“ The circulation scope of Jiaozi was basically limited in Sichuan. Later, although it was popular in Shaanxi and Hedong, it was soon abolished. In 1107, the Song government changed jiaozi to qianyin and jiaoziwu to qianyin. In addition to Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Huguang and other places still use "Jiaozi", other roads use "qianyin". Later, Sichuan changed jiaozi to qianyin in 1109“ The biggest difference between "Qian Yin" and "Jiao Zi" is that it takes "Luo" as the unit“ The paper, printing, picture and seal of "Qian Yin" are excellent. But "Qian Yin" did not buy notes, and was not allowed to exchange them, so the value of paper vouchers dropped sharply. In the Jiading period of the Southern Song Dynasty, each coin was only worth 100 Wen in cash“ The emergence of "Jiaozi" has facilitated commercial exchanges and made up for the shortage of cash, which is a great achievement in the history of currency in China. In addition, "Jiaozi", as the earliest banknote issued in China and even in the world, also occupies an important position in the history of printing and printmaking, which is of great significance to the study of ancient banknote printing technology in China. On the history of currency development, China is one of the earliest countries in the world to use currency, with a history of 5000 years. In the process of its formation and development, ancient Chinese currency has undergone six major evolutions: first, the evolution from natural currency to artificial currency. In Chinese characters, most of the characters related to value have changed from "Bei". From this we can see that Bei is the earliest currency in China. With the rapid development of commodity exchange, the demand for money is increasing. Seashells have been unable to meet people's needs. People began to imitate seashells with copper. The appearance of copper shell is an important evolution from natural currency to artificial currency in ancient Chinese currency history. With the extensive use of artificial coins, seashells, as a natural currency, graally withdrew from China's currency stage. 2、 From the appearance of Tongbei in Shang Dynasty to the Warring States period, China's currency graally formed four systems characterized by the domination of the feudal lords, namely, shovel coin, Dao coin, ring coin and Chu coin (yuan Jin and Yi Bi Qian). After Qin unified China, the first emperor of Qin promulgated the earliest currency law of China in 210 BC, which stipulated that half Liang coins with round square holes of Qin state could be used throughout the country. The circulation of Qin banliang coins with round square holes in the whole country ended the disordered state of different shapes and great weight differences of ancient Chinese coins, which was a significant evolution from disordered shape to standard shape in the history of ancient Chinese coins. The shape of this round square hole determined by the Qin banliang coins continued until the early Republic of China. 3、 The evolution from local coinage to central coinage according to the records of Shi Huo Zhi in the book of Han Dynasty, after the founding of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang allowed the people to make coins privately. The gentry, the rich businessmen and the local forces took advantage of the opportunity to make money. In the reign of Emperor Wen, "Dr. Deng Tong also made money for the king." In the fourth year of Yuanding (1115 years ago), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took back the minting right of the prefecture, and the central government minted five baht coins. From then on, it was determined that the central government should be responsible for the unified management of coin casting and issue, which was a significant evolution from local coin to central coin in the history of ancient Chinese currency. Since then, the central government has been in charge of the coinage. The return of the minting right to the central government played an important role in stabilizing the political situation and economic development of the dynasties. 4、 The evolution from the weight of documents to Tongbao and Yuanbao coins since the Qin and Han Dynasties are usually clearly marked with the weight of money, such as "half Liang", "five baht", "four baht" and so on (24 baht is one or two). In the fourth year of Wude (621), Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan decided to reform the currency system, abolish the ancient coins of different weights, and cast "Kaiyuan Tongbao" coins with the meaning of "opening up a new era". Kaiyuan Tongbao is a change from the weight of documents to Tongbao and Yuanbao in ancient China. Kaiyuan Tongbao coin is the earliest Tongbao coin in China. Since then, copper coins in China no longer use money to mark the weight, but use Tongbao and Yuanbao. It has been used until the "Tongbao of the Republic of China" after the 1911 Revolution. 5、 In the Northern Song Dynasty, e to the shortage of copper materials, the government made a large number of iron coins in some areas to make up for the shortage of copper coins. According to the records of the history of Song Dynasty, the cast iron coins in Sichuan at that time always weighed 25 Jin and 8 Liang. To buy a piece of silk in Sichuan, you have to pay 130 Jin of iron. Iron money is so cumbersome and inconvenient that paper money jiaozi came into being in Sichuan. The appearance of Jiaozi is an important evolution from metal currency to paper currency in ancient Chinese currency history. Jiaozi is not only the earliest banknote in China, but also the earliest banknote in the world. 6、 In the late Qing Dynasty, with the graal introction of foreign advanced science and technology, people began to buy coin making machines abroad in Guangxu period to make silver and copper coins. Later, Guangdong began to use machines

8.

The earliest currency came from the Shang Dynasty

Shell is the earliest currency in China, and it was used as currency in Shang Dynasty. In Chinese characters, most of the characters related to value are related to "Bei"

with the development of commodity exchange, the demand for money was increasing, and seashells could not meet people's demand. In the Shang Dynasty, people began to imitate seashells with copper. The appearance of copper coin is an important evolution from natural currency to artificial currency in ancient Chinese currency history. With the extensive use of artificial coins, seashells, as a natural currency, graally withdrew from China's currency stage

China is one of the earliest countries in the world to use currency, with a history of 5000 years. In the process of formation and development of ancient Chinese currency, it has experienced five extremely significant evolutions: the evolution from natural currency to artificial currency, from disordered shape to unified shape, from local coin to central coin, from document weight to Tongbao and Yuanbao, and from metal currency to paper currency "Jiaozi"

From the spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period, the four major monetary systems of cloth coin, knife coin, ant nose coin and ring coin have been established

cloth coin

cloth coin is popular in Zhao, Han, Wei and Zhou royal family. In the spring and Autumn period, the cloth coins were mainly hollow headed cloth, that is, hollow cloth with handle

However, in the Warring States period, cloth coins were mainly made of flat head cloth, that is to say, compared with the "empty head cloth", there was no hollow cloth with handle, but it was shaped like shovel shaped copper. The shape of cloth coins was roughly divided into flat shoulder, shrug shoulder, round shoulder and square foot, pointed foot, round foot and so on. Most of them evolved from flat shoulder and flat bottom cloth or flat shoulder and square foot cloth to shrug shoulder and pointed foot cloth, and round shoulder and round foot cloth later extended to Chu and Yan

The state of Qi and the state of Yan in the North mainly used Dao coin. There are two types of Dao coin: Yanming Dao and Qi Dao. The shape of the Dao coin is similar to the Dao tools used by northern nomads such as Shanrong and Beidi. Because of the word "Hua" on Qi Dao surface, it is called "Dao Hua"

The ring coin was used alone in Qin Dynasty, and its shape was evolved from spinning wheel or jade wall. Ring coin is divided into round hole and square hole. During the Warring States period, the round hole was cast earlier. Later, King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty and the first emperor of Qin Dynasty cast "half Liang" coins with round square hole. Round ring coin is the original state of square hole coin

ant nose coin

copper shell coin of Chu state is called ant nose coin, which evolved from shell coin. "Tongbei Qianwen" looks like a ghost face, which is a combination of "Beihua". Ant nose means small money. There is a bronze shell coin in Chu state, commonly known as "ghost face money" and "ant nose money". In addition to ant nose money, Chu also had gold weighing currency, which was the only country with gold as currency in circulation ring the Warring States period

9.

The earliest currency in the history of China is the commodity shell, which is also the earliest currency in the world

Shell is the earliest currency in China, and it was used as currency in Shang Dynasty. In Chinese characters, most of the characters related to value are related to "Bei"

with the development of commodity exchange, the demand for money was increasing, and seashells could not meet people's demand. In the Shang Dynasty, people began to imitate seashells with copper

The appearance of copper coin is a significant evolution from natural currency to artificial currency in ancient Chinese monetary history. With the extensive use of artificial coins, seashells, as a natural currency, graally withdrew from China's currency stage

extended data:

China is one of the earliest countries in the world to use currency, with a history of 5000 years. In the process of formation and development of ancient Chinese currency, it has experienced five extremely significant evolutions:

the evolution from natural currency to artificial currency, from disordered shape to unified shape, from local coin to central coin, from document weight to Tongbao, Yuanbao, and from metal currency to paper currency "Jiaozi"

From the spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period, China has established four monetary systems: cloth coin, knife goods, ant nose money and ring money. Later, it went through the Qin, Tang, Han, Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, until December 1, 1948, the people's Bank of China was established and issued the first set of RMB