Case study of virtual e-money model

3. Virtual currency refers to non real currency. Well known virtual currency, such as network company's network currency, Tencent company's Q currency, Q point, Shanda company's voucher; The popular digital currencies in 2013 include bitcoin, Leyte coin, Fuyuan coin, doggy coin and so on

network virtual currency can be roughly divided into

the first category is familiar game currency. In the era of stand-alone games, the protagonist accumulates money by knocking down the enemy, entering the gambling house to win money, and using these to buy Herbs and equipment, but it can only be used in his own game console. At that time, there was no "market" between players. Since the establishment of Internet portal and community, the realization of game networking, virtual currency has a "financial market", players can trade game currency
the second type is the special currency issued by the portal website or instant messaging service provider, which is used to purchase the services in the website. The most widely used is Tencent's q-coin, which can be used to purchase membership, QQ show and other value-added services
the third kind of virtual currency on the Internet, such as bitcoin (BTC), Fuyuan coin (FTC), Wright currency (LTC), etc. bitcoin is an electronic currency proced by open-source P2P software. Some people also translate bitcoin as "bitcoin", which is a kind of network virtual currency. It is mainly used for Internet financial investment, and can also be directly used in daily life as a new currency.

4.

The differences between e-money and virtual money are as follows:

1. Electronic money refers to using a certain amount of cash or deposit to exchange from the issuer and obtain data representing the same amount, or through the quick payment service launched by the bank and the third party to transfer the balance in the bank through some electronic ways, so that transactions can be carried out. Strictly speaking, it is a kind of currency that consumers use the bank's Internet banking service to store value and make quick payment to the issuers of electronic currency, and make consumers trade electronically through media (two-dimensional code or hardware equipment)

Virtual currency refers to non real currency. Well known virtual currencies, such as online currency of Internet company, q-coin of Tencent company, q-point and voucher of Shanda company, micro currency launched by Sina (used for micro games, Sina reading, etc.), chivalrous Yuanbao (used for chivalrous road game), silver grain (used for bixue Qingtian game), and popular digital currencies in 2013 include bitcoin, Laite coin, infinite coin, quark coin, zeta coin, etc Barbecue coins, pennies (Internet), invisible gold bars, red coins, prime coins. At present, hundreds of digital currencies are issued all over the world. Popular in the circle & quot; The legend of "bitcoin, Wright silver, infinite copper, pennies aluminum"

The detailed explanation of electronic currency is as follows:

1. Concept: it is an encrypted serial number representing cash, which can be used to represent the currency value of various amounts in reality. With the transformation from paper-based economy to digital economy, e-cash will become the mainstream

2. Features: anonymity, transaction cost saving, transmission cost saving, low holding risk, flexible and convenient payment, anti-counterfeiting and anti repetition, non traceability

There are two kinds of e-cash: one is based on the Internet and keeps the binary data representing the value of money in the hard disk of the computer terminal; One is the electronic wallet that keeps the monetary value in the IC card and can be circulated without the bank payment system

4. Definition: consumers pay traditional money to the issuers of electronic money, and the issuers store the equal value of traditional money in the electronic devices held by consumers in electronic form

5. With the development of the Internet, while providing a large number of free services to the majority of Internet users, according to the company's profit needs and the diversified needs of users, various websites have launched charging services. This also promoted the emergence of virtual currency
in order to provide better services, many portal websites and online game operators have been providing virtual currency for use for a long time. According to incomplete statistics, there are no less than 10 kinds of network virtual currency (referred to as network currency) currently in circulation, such as Q currency, network currency, cool currency, Warcraft currency, Paradise currency, Shanda (game area) coupon, etc. Take Q coin as an example, there are more than 200 million users. Instry insiders estimate that the domestic Internet has a virtual money market scale of several billion yuan per year, and is growing at a rate of 15% - 20%
in a market economy, demand stimulates innovation, which in turn stimulates demand. The increasing popularity of virtual currency is completed in the needs of users and the innovation of enterprises. At present, there are many kinds of virtual currency in China's network market, among which Tencent, relying on its huge QQ users, has timely launched QQ currency with the maturity of instant messaging market
it is undeniable that virtual currency makes us feel the convenience of purchasing network services, which is the inevitable proct of the development of network economy. But at present, the network virtual currency has quietly changed into a huge trading market
Lyndon larush, a famous American economist, once predicted that from 2050, the virtual currency of the Internet will be officially recognized to some extent and become a mobile currency. With such a large market and bright prospects, many companies are eager to try and intend to occupy this market. Now it seems that the network, PayPal (PayPal) and Tencent are in the leading position
at the present stage, most e-money is based on the existing real money (cash or deposit), which has the function of "value measurement" and "value preservation", and the precondition that e-money and real money can exchange at a ratio of 1
: 1 is established
as a means of payment, most e-money can not be separated from cash or deposit. It is transmitted and transferred by electronic means to pay off creditor's rights and debts and realize settlement. Therefore, the function and influence of e-money at present is essentially the relationship between e-money, cash and deposit
at present, there are four types of popular electronic currency in China
1. Stored value card electronic currency. Generally, it appears in the form of magnetic card or IC card. Besides commercial banks, it is also issued by telecommunication departments (ordinary telephone card, IC telephone card), IC enterprises (network card), commercial retail enterprises (various consumption cards), government organs (internal consumption IC card) and schools (Campus IC card). After the issuer receives the customer's funds in advance, it issues the equivalent stored value card, which makes the stored value card a new "deposit account" independent of the bank deposit. At the same time, the stored value card in the customer consumption to dect the way to pay fees, which is equivalent to the deposit account payment currency. At present, the deposits in the stored value cards are not included in the central bank's reserve requirements. Therefore, the stored value cards can rece the demand for cash and current savings
2. Credit card applied electronic currency. It refers to the credit card or quasi credit card issued by commercial banks, credit card companies and other issuers. The loan can be consumed within the credit limit specified by the issuer, and then the repayment can be made at the specified time. The widespread use of credit cards can expand consumer credit and affect money supply
3. They are mainly debit cards, electronic checks, etc., which are used to withdraw cash, transfer settlement and transfer funds from bank deposits in an electronic way. The widespread use of this kind of electronic payment method can rece the cost of consumers to and from the bank, rece the balance of cash demand, and speed up the circulation of money
4. Cash analog electronic currency. There are mainly two kinds: one is e-cash which is based on the Internet environment and keeps the binary data representing the value of money in the hard disk of the computer terminal; One is the electronic wallet that keeps the monetary value in the IC card and can be circulated without the bank payment system. This kind of e-money has the characteristics of anonymity of cash, can be used for payment between indivials, and can change hands many times. It is developed for the purpose of replacing entity cash. The expanding use of this kind of electronic currency can affect the currency issuing mechanism, rece the seigniorage income of the central bank, and rece the scale of assets and liabilities of the central bank

6. The differences between e-money and virtual money are as follows:

1. Electronic money refers to using a certain amount of cash or deposit to exchange from the issuer and obtain data representing the same amount, or through the quick payment service launched by the bank and the third party to transfer the balance in the bank through some electronic ways, so that transactions can be carried out. Strictly speaking, it is a kind of currency that consumers use the bank's Internet banking service to store value and make quick payment to the issuers of electronic currency, and make consumers trade electronically through media (two-dimensional code or hardware equipment)

2. Virtual currency refers to non real currency. Well known virtual currencies, such as online currency of Internet company, q-coin of Tencent company, q-point and voucher of Shanda company, micro currency launched by Sina (used for micro games, Sina reading, etc.), chivalrous Yuanbao (used for chivalrous road game), silver grain (used for bixue Qingtian game), and popular digital currencies in 2013 include bitcoin, Laite coin, infinite coin, quark coin, zeta coin, etc Barbecue coins, pennies (Internet), invisible gold bars, red coins, prime coins. At present, hundreds of digital currencies are issued all over the world. Popular in the circle & quot; The legend of "bitcoin, Wright silver, infinite copper, pennies aluminum".

7. The state does not recognize any virtual currency
the people's Bank of China has issued special documents. It claims that it does not recognize the monetary attribute of any virtual currency and cannot be regarded as currency circulation
it can only be used as an investment proct, and the risk is borne by the investor.

8. Virtual currency refers to non real currency. Well known virtual currencies, such as online currency of Internet company, q-coin of Tencent company, q-point and voucher of Shanda company, micro currency launched by Sina (used for micro games, Sina reading, etc.), chivalrous Yuanbao (used for chivalrous road game), grain silver (used for bixue Qingtian game), Ming coin proced by Tiandi bank, and popular digital currencies in 2013, such as bitcoin, Leyte coin, etc Unlimited money, quark money, zeta money, barbecue money, pennies (Internet), invisible gold bar, red money, prime money. At present, hundreds of digital currencies are issued all over the world. The legend of "bitcoin, Wright silver, infinite copper, pennies aluminum" is popular in the circle. With the development of Internet, the form of currency is becoming more virtual, and the electronic currency, which only exists in the form of electronic signal, has emerged.

9. Ken is a kind of point-to-point electronic cryptocurrency. Its creation and transfer are based on an open source encryption protocol, which is not controlled by any central authority

Scriptum is inspired by bitcoin and lightcoin, and has more advantages in technology
in the era of we media, home [virtual currency] is the world of wealth

10. 1. Main functions: value scale, circulation means, storage means, payment means, world currency. Basic functions: value scale, circulation means. 2. Deposit insurance system is a kind of financial security system, which means that all kinds of qualified deposit financial institutions gather together to establish an insurance institution, and each deposit institution, as the policyholder, pays insurance premium to it according to a certain proportion of deposit, and establishes deposit insurance reserve fund. When the member institutions have a business crisis or face bankruptcy, the deposit insurance reserve fund will be set up, Deposit insurance institutions provide financial assistance or directly pay part or all of the deposit to depositors, so as to protect the interests of depositors, maintain bank credit and stabilize the financial order. The significance of deposit insurance system: 1. Protect the interests of depositors and improve the public's confidence in the banking system. If a deposit insurance system is established, when the bank which implements the system is unable to pay the depositor's deposit e to poor capital turnover or bankruptcy, according to the terms of the insurance contract, the insured bank can obtain compensation or financial assistance from the deposit insurance institution, or be accepted or merged, and the depositor's deposit loss will be reced to the minimum extent, It effectively protects the interests of depositors. Although the deposit insurance system is a remedial measure after the event, its function is also reflected in advance. When the public knows that the bank has implemented the system, even if the bank really has problems, they will get corresponding compensation. This gives them a sense of security psychologically, which can effectively rece the highly contagious sense of panic and rece the run on the banking system. 2. It can effectively improve the stability of the financial system and maintain the normal financial order. As deposit insurance institutions are responsible for guaranteeing payment to problematic banks, they are bound to supervise and manage the daily business activities of the insured banks, find out the hidden dangers, and put forward suggestions and warnings in time, so as to ensure that all banks will operate steadily, which actually adds a financial safety net. At the same time, e to the positive effect of this system on the public psychology, it can also effectively prevent the occurrence and spread of bank runs, thus promoting the stability of the financial system. 3. To promote moderate competition in the banking instry and provide the public with high quality and low price services. Because of their scale and strength, big banks are often in an advantageous position in absorbing deposits, while small and medium-sized banks are in a disadvantageous position, which is easy to form a monopoly situation of big banks. Monopoly is not concive to the interests of consumers, the interests of the public will be less than the interests of perfect competition. Deposit insurance system is one of the effective ways to protect small and medium-sized banks and promote fair competition. It can make depositors form a consensus that the protection degree of the system is the same whether the deposit is deposited in a big bank or a small bank. Therefore, the quality of service will become the main factor for customers to choose deposit banks. 4. Deposit insurance institutions can provide guarantee, subsidy or financing support to the problem banks to save them, or encourage them to be merged by stronger banks, so as to rece social shock and contribute to social stability. Let's give full play to it