Accounting treatment of virtual currency transaction
Credit: cash on hand credit: other monetary funds
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1. The choice of conversion rate at the time of initial recognition. The spot exchange rate or the approximate exchange rate of spot exchange rate on the transaction date is adopted.
A. spot exchange rate: refers to the middle rate of foreign exchange, or market exchange rate, published by the people's Bank of China on that day.
B. approximate exchange rate of spot exchange rate: generally refers to the average exchange rate of the current period.
2 Treatment of exchange differences on balance sheet date
A. foreign currency monetary items are translated at the spot exchange rate on balance sheet date, and the exchange differences arising from different exchange rates at initial recognition are included in financial expenses.
foreign currency monetary items include foreign currency monetary assets (cash, bank deposits, receivables, etc.) and foreign currency monetary liabilities (accounts payable, other receivables, etc.) Non monetary items refer to items other than monetary items, including inventory, long-term equity investment, fixed assets, intangible assets, paid in capital, capital reserve, etc.
C For foreign currency non monetary items with changes in foreign currency value, the value changes are included in the current profits and losses; If the value change is included in the owner's equity, the impact of the corresponding exchange rate change should be included in the owner's equity.
D. foreign currency invested capital does not proce exchange difference. Foreign currency invested capital belongs to foreign currency non monetary items, and the enterprise receives the capital invested by investors in foreign currency, which is converted by the spot exchange rate on the transaction date
& quot; Bank deposits: US dollars; It refers to a detailed account of bank deposit, but it should be kept in the standard currency, so that amount is the RMB amount converted according to the exchange rate. Do you understand?
Relevant knowledge points of accounting treatment of foreign currency transactions:
(1) initial recognition of foreign currency transactions should be translated into the amount of functional currency at the spot exchange rate on the transaction date at the time of initial recognition; It can also be converted at the exchange rate determined by systematic and reasonable methods and similar to the spot exchange rate on the transaction date
when an enterprise receives the capital invested by investors in foreign currency, it shall convert it at the spot exchange rate on the transaction date, and shall not convert it at the approximate exchange rate between the exchange rate agreed in the contract and the spot exchange rate. There shall be no foreign currency capital conversion difference between the foreign currency invested capital and the bookkeeping base currency amount of corresponding monetary items
(2) adjustment or settlement at the end of the period. For example, cash on hand, bank deposits, accounts receivable, other receivables, long-term receivables, accounts payable, other receivables, short-term loans, long-term loans, bonds payable, long-term receivables, etcmonetary items are translated at the spot exchange rate on the balance sheet date. The exchange difference arising from the difference between the spot exchange rate on the balance sheet date and that at the time of initial recognition or the previous balance sheet date shall be included in the current profits and losses
The adjustment steps of foreign currency monetary items at the end of the period are as follows: (1) calculate the foreign currency balance of foreign currency monetary items 2) The foreign currency balance is multiplied by the spot exchange rate on the balance sheet date to calculate the functional currency balance 3) The difference between the balance of the above-mentioned bookkeeping base currency and the balance of the original bookkeeping base currency is the exchange difference Non monetary items refer to items other than monetary items. For example, inventory, long-term equity investment, trading financial assets (stocks, funds), fixed assets, intangible assets, etc(1) non monetary items in foreign currencies measured at historical cost are still translated at the spot exchange rate on the date of transaction, and the amount in the recording currency will not be changed
(2) if the net realizable value of an inventory measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value is determined in foreign currency, the net realizable value should be converted into the amount in the recording currency first, and then compared with the inventory cost reflected in the recording currency