IMF virtual currency
Publish: 2021-04-18 23:02:23
1. Hello,
according to the definition of IMF, currency internationalization refers to the process in which a country's currency crosses its national boundaries, freely exchanges, trades and circulates around the world, and finally becomes an international currency
thank you for your adoption
according to the definition of IMF, currency internationalization refers to the process in which a country's currency crosses its national boundaries, freely exchanges, trades and circulates around the world, and finally becomes an international currency
thank you for your adoption
2. The International Monetary Fund is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. According to the international monetary basic agreement drawn up by the United Nations Monetary and financial conference held in Bretton Woods in 1994, it was established on December 27, 1945 and began to work on March 1, 1947. Its headquarters is located in Washington. There are 148 member states (1984)
the purpose of the organization is to stabilize the international exchange rate, eliminate the foreign exchange control hindering world trade, promote international cooperation on currency issues, and provide short-term loans to meet the foreign exchange fund needs of member countries for temporary balance of payments deficit
the fund of the organization mainly comes from the share paid by the member states. The main right of Member States is to enjoy the drawing right, that is, the right to borrow foreign exchange according to a certain proportion of their shares. In 1969, the organization created a currency (Accounting) unit called "special drawing rights", which is distributed in proportion according to the share of Member States, as a supplement to the means of international circulation. The special drawing rights of member countries can be used as monetary reserves, and can also be used to purchase foreign exchange from other member countries to solve their own balance of payments deficit. Member states are obliged to provide economic information and accept the supervision of the organization in terms of foreign exchange policy and management
the supreme authority of the IMF is the Council, which is composed of one director and one deputy director from each member state. The executive board, which deals with the day-to-day business, is composed of 22 executive directors, five of whom are appointed by the five largest countries (the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Germany and Japan). The president is elected by the executive board and is responsible for the business of the fund. China is one of the founders of the International Monetary Fund. On April 17, 1980, China's representation was restored. Since 1980, Chinese representatives have participated in the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the world bank< The organization for economic co operation and development (OECD) is an international organization composed of 24 instrialized countries. It has two purposes: (1) to promote economic growth, employment, stability of financial policies and improvement of living standards of Member States through cooperation 2) Promote the economic development and trade of all countries by helping them achieve the above goals<
the organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD) was formally established on December 14, 1960, formerly known as the European Economic Cooperation Organization (EECO) established in April 1948. The main purpose of the latter is to coordinate the economic recovery of Europe after World War II and to manage the assistance provided by the United States under the Marshall Plan. The organization for economic cooperation and development began its work on September 30, 1961, with its headquarters in Paris. In addition to the 18 European members, the United States and Canada were also the original members of the European Economic Cooperation Organization. Since the establishment of the organization for economic cooperation and development, Australia, Finland, Japan and New Zealand have joined in succession, increasing the membership of the organization to 24. Yugoslavia is a special associate country of this organization<
headquartered in Paris, the organization includes Council, executive committee, Secretariat and supporting institutions. The Council is the central organ of the organization, which is composed of representatives of Member States and is responsible for formulating general policies; The executive committee is composed of representatives of 14 member states selected by the Council every year; The Secretariat is responsible for daily affairs. The supporting institutions include more than 200 professional committees and working groups, which are responsible for deliberating on economic policies and specific issues in various economic and social fields, such as instry, agriculture, trade, finance, energy, science and technology, ecation, environment, etc. The organization also has a development assistance committee, including 17 Member States and the Commission of the European Economic Community, which is responsible for coordinating the provision of official development assistance to developing countries. There are also a number of autonomous institutions within the organization, the most important of which are the International Energy Agency, the nuclear energy agency, the development centre and the centre for ecational research and reform
the functions and tasks of the organization for economic cooperation and development are quite extensive, including collecting and publishing statistical data of relevant member states, engaging in basic research and policy analysis, and implementing formal policies stipulated by the Council
the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an intergovernmental international financial organization. It was established in accordance with the international monetary fund agreement adopted at the international monetary and financial conference between the United Nations and the Union countries held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in July 1944. It was formally established on December 27, 1945 and began to handle business on March 1, 1947. On November 15 of the same year, it became a specialized agency of the United Nations, but it has its own operational independence. So far, the IMF has 182 members
IMF has five regional departments (Africa, Asia, Europe, Middle East and western hemisphere) and 12 functional departments (administration, central banking, exchange and trade relations, external relations, financial affairs, International Monetary Fund academy, legal affairs, research, secretary, treasurer, statistics and language services Bureau). Its purpose is to carry out consultation and cooperation on international financial issues as a permanent institution and promote international monetary cooperation; Promote the expansion and balanced development of international trade; To promote and maintain the high level of employment, development of proctive resources and real income of Member States; Promote the stability of international exchange, maintain orderly exchange rate arrangement among member countries, and prevent competitive currency devaluation; Assist Member States in establishing multilateral payment system in current account transactions, eliminate the obstacles to Member States' temporary provision of ordinary funds, make them correct the imbalance of balance of payments, and do not take measures harmful to national or international prosperity, shorten the time and rece the degree of imbalance of balance of payments
the main business activities of IMF include: providing loans to its members, promoting international cooperation on monetary issues, studying issues related to the reform of the international monetary system, expanding the role of IMF, providing technical assistance and strengthening contacts with other international institutions< In short, in today's interdependent world, the OECD has become an international clearing house for a large number of activities that must be coordinated among governments.
the purpose of the organization is to stabilize the international exchange rate, eliminate the foreign exchange control hindering world trade, promote international cooperation on currency issues, and provide short-term loans to meet the foreign exchange fund needs of member countries for temporary balance of payments deficit
the fund of the organization mainly comes from the share paid by the member states. The main right of Member States is to enjoy the drawing right, that is, the right to borrow foreign exchange according to a certain proportion of their shares. In 1969, the organization created a currency (Accounting) unit called "special drawing rights", which is distributed in proportion according to the share of Member States, as a supplement to the means of international circulation. The special drawing rights of member countries can be used as monetary reserves, and can also be used to purchase foreign exchange from other member countries to solve their own balance of payments deficit. Member states are obliged to provide economic information and accept the supervision of the organization in terms of foreign exchange policy and management
the supreme authority of the IMF is the Council, which is composed of one director and one deputy director from each member state. The executive board, which deals with the day-to-day business, is composed of 22 executive directors, five of whom are appointed by the five largest countries (the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Germany and Japan). The president is elected by the executive board and is responsible for the business of the fund. China is one of the founders of the International Monetary Fund. On April 17, 1980, China's representation was restored. Since 1980, Chinese representatives have participated in the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the world bank< The organization for economic co operation and development (OECD) is an international organization composed of 24 instrialized countries. It has two purposes: (1) to promote economic growth, employment, stability of financial policies and improvement of living standards of Member States through cooperation 2) Promote the economic development and trade of all countries by helping them achieve the above goals<
the organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD) was formally established on December 14, 1960, formerly known as the European Economic Cooperation Organization (EECO) established in April 1948. The main purpose of the latter is to coordinate the economic recovery of Europe after World War II and to manage the assistance provided by the United States under the Marshall Plan. The organization for economic cooperation and development began its work on September 30, 1961, with its headquarters in Paris. In addition to the 18 European members, the United States and Canada were also the original members of the European Economic Cooperation Organization. Since the establishment of the organization for economic cooperation and development, Australia, Finland, Japan and New Zealand have joined in succession, increasing the membership of the organization to 24. Yugoslavia is a special associate country of this organization<
headquartered in Paris, the organization includes Council, executive committee, Secretariat and supporting institutions. The Council is the central organ of the organization, which is composed of representatives of Member States and is responsible for formulating general policies; The executive committee is composed of representatives of 14 member states selected by the Council every year; The Secretariat is responsible for daily affairs. The supporting institutions include more than 200 professional committees and working groups, which are responsible for deliberating on economic policies and specific issues in various economic and social fields, such as instry, agriculture, trade, finance, energy, science and technology, ecation, environment, etc. The organization also has a development assistance committee, including 17 Member States and the Commission of the European Economic Community, which is responsible for coordinating the provision of official development assistance to developing countries. There are also a number of autonomous institutions within the organization, the most important of which are the International Energy Agency, the nuclear energy agency, the development centre and the centre for ecational research and reform
the functions and tasks of the organization for economic cooperation and development are quite extensive, including collecting and publishing statistical data of relevant member states, engaging in basic research and policy analysis, and implementing formal policies stipulated by the Council
the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an intergovernmental international financial organization. It was established in accordance with the international monetary fund agreement adopted at the international monetary and financial conference between the United Nations and the Union countries held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in July 1944. It was formally established on December 27, 1945 and began to handle business on March 1, 1947. On November 15 of the same year, it became a specialized agency of the United Nations, but it has its own operational independence. So far, the IMF has 182 members
IMF has five regional departments (Africa, Asia, Europe, Middle East and western hemisphere) and 12 functional departments (administration, central banking, exchange and trade relations, external relations, financial affairs, International Monetary Fund academy, legal affairs, research, secretary, treasurer, statistics and language services Bureau). Its purpose is to carry out consultation and cooperation on international financial issues as a permanent institution and promote international monetary cooperation; Promote the expansion and balanced development of international trade; To promote and maintain the high level of employment, development of proctive resources and real income of Member States; Promote the stability of international exchange, maintain orderly exchange rate arrangement among member countries, and prevent competitive currency devaluation; Assist Member States in establishing multilateral payment system in current account transactions, eliminate the obstacles to Member States' temporary provision of ordinary funds, make them correct the imbalance of balance of payments, and do not take measures harmful to national or international prosperity, shorten the time and rece the degree of imbalance of balance of payments
the main business activities of IMF include: providing loans to its members, promoting international cooperation on monetary issues, studying issues related to the reform of the international monetary system, expanding the role of IMF, providing technical assistance and strengthening contacts with other international institutions< In short, in today's interdependent world, the OECD has become an international clearing house for a large number of activities that must be coordinated among governments.
3. The IMF currency is the Sino German currency of the special loan right of the IMF! At present, there are US dollar, British pound, euro and Japanese yen! This is an indispensable symbol of a country's currency's international recognition and internationalization! China's RMB is expected to become a member of the special loan right in the near future! It indicates that a country's currency can be used for payment and circulation internationally! It is an important symbol of a country's currency gaining international influence!
4. Under the exchange rate system of pegging to a basket of currencies, the weighted average stable exchange rate of domestic currency can be achieved by giving certain weights to various currencies in the basket and making the exchange rate of domestic currency weighted according to the exchange rate changes of each currency in the basket. For example, it may be easier to understand the meaning of an exchange rate system pegged to a basket of currencies
if RMB is pegged to a currency basket, the basket is composed of three currencies, namely US dollar, euro and Japanese yen. The weights of these three currencies in the basket are 50%, 25% and 25% respectively. Now let's look at the 10% appreciation of both the euro and the yen against the US dollar
if RMB is pegged to us dollar, the appreciation of euro and yen will not affect the exchange rate between RMB and US dollar. However, the 10% appreciation of the euro and yen against the US dollar means that the euro and yen are also up 10% against the RMB. If the RMB is pegged to the above basket of currencies, a 10% appreciation of the euro and yen against the US dollar will lead to a 5% appreciation of the RMB against the US dollar. At this time, the exchange rate between RMB and US dollar is no longer stable. However, when the RMB appreciates by 5% against the US dollar, it will depreciate by 5% against the euro and yen. In this way, the weighted average exchange rate of RMB is stable through a certain degree of fluctuation against the US dollar
it can be seen that the main advantage of the exchange rate system of pegging to a basket of currencies is that it can effectively avoid the impact and structural imbalance caused by the exchange rate changes of other currencies in the world, and realize the relative stability of the exchange rate of the local currency. Secondly, under the exchange rate system of pegging to a basket of currencies, although the exchange rate of the pegged currency to the basket of currencies is constant, there will be some fluctuations in the exchange rate of various single currencies. Such fluctuations will help the residents and enterprises to form a stronger awareness of exchange rate risk, and also help the cultivation of forward market and the emergence of hedging tools in the foreign exchange market, If there is no exchange rate fluctuation, hedging tools in forward market and foreign exchange market will not be proced or used. Third, after the adoption of currency basket, the exchange rate will be more flexible and fluctuate frequently, which is concive to the transition to a more flexible exchange rate system. Finally, but perhaps most important at the moment, the exchange rate regime pegged to a basket of currencies helps to stabilize exchange rate expectations
in fact, the exchange rate system pegged to a basket of currencies gives a rule of exchange rate changes, in which the exchange rate changes will not be based on the basic balance of payments of a country, but on the exchange rate changes of other currencies in the basket. Therefore, the expectation of exchange rate change should be transferred to the expectation of exchange rate change of other currencies, so as to avoid taking a country's balance of payments as the basis for forming the expectation of exchange rate change.
if RMB is pegged to a currency basket, the basket is composed of three currencies, namely US dollar, euro and Japanese yen. The weights of these three currencies in the basket are 50%, 25% and 25% respectively. Now let's look at the 10% appreciation of both the euro and the yen against the US dollar
if RMB is pegged to us dollar, the appreciation of euro and yen will not affect the exchange rate between RMB and US dollar. However, the 10% appreciation of the euro and yen against the US dollar means that the euro and yen are also up 10% against the RMB. If the RMB is pegged to the above basket of currencies, a 10% appreciation of the euro and yen against the US dollar will lead to a 5% appreciation of the RMB against the US dollar. At this time, the exchange rate between RMB and US dollar is no longer stable. However, when the RMB appreciates by 5% against the US dollar, it will depreciate by 5% against the euro and yen. In this way, the weighted average exchange rate of RMB is stable through a certain degree of fluctuation against the US dollar
it can be seen that the main advantage of the exchange rate system of pegging to a basket of currencies is that it can effectively avoid the impact and structural imbalance caused by the exchange rate changes of other currencies in the world, and realize the relative stability of the exchange rate of the local currency. Secondly, under the exchange rate system of pegging to a basket of currencies, although the exchange rate of the pegged currency to the basket of currencies is constant, there will be some fluctuations in the exchange rate of various single currencies. Such fluctuations will help the residents and enterprises to form a stronger awareness of exchange rate risk, and also help the cultivation of forward market and the emergence of hedging tools in the foreign exchange market, If there is no exchange rate fluctuation, hedging tools in forward market and foreign exchange market will not be proced or used. Third, after the adoption of currency basket, the exchange rate will be more flexible and fluctuate frequently, which is concive to the transition to a more flexible exchange rate system. Finally, but perhaps most important at the moment, the exchange rate regime pegged to a basket of currencies helps to stabilize exchange rate expectations
in fact, the exchange rate system pegged to a basket of currencies gives a rule of exchange rate changes, in which the exchange rate changes will not be based on the basic balance of payments of a country, but on the exchange rate changes of other currencies in the basket. Therefore, the expectation of exchange rate change should be transferred to the expectation of exchange rate change of other currencies, so as to avoid taking a country's balance of payments as the basis for forming the expectation of exchange rate change.
5. The original intention of IMF in reality is the world monetary fund, which is an economic world organization. In the series of mission impossible, it is a fictional American intelligence agency, whose full English name is impossible mission force. It means a top secret intelligence organization, specialized in various seemingly impossible and difficult tasks. The IMF in mission impossible is pure fiction, which conflicts with the name of IMF in reality
in fact, the IMF in the movie is equivalent to the CIA of the United States, and it just made up a name to rece sensitivity.
in fact, the IMF in the movie is equivalent to the CIA of the United States, and it just made up a name to rece sensitivity.
6. At present, the IMF basket includes US dollar, Japanese yen, euro and British pound. The IMF will review the composition of its basket this year
the International Monetary Fund (IMF) may include RMB in its official reserve basket later this year, which marks a political and economic victory for China in the confrontation with the United States. However, the slowdown of China's economic growth may limit the impact of this victory
as IMF president Lagarde said, it's only a matter of time before RMB joins the IMF's special drawing rights (SDR) basket. Over time, this change should enhance the role of the RMB in international trade and investment, and make it more likely for global central banks to use the RMB as a reserve currency
this should further rece the transaction costs, exchange rate risk and borrowing costs of China and its enterprises. China has become the largest trading country in the world.
the International Monetary Fund (IMF) may include RMB in its official reserve basket later this year, which marks a political and economic victory for China in the confrontation with the United States. However, the slowdown of China's economic growth may limit the impact of this victory
as IMF president Lagarde said, it's only a matter of time before RMB joins the IMF's special drawing rights (SDR) basket. Over time, this change should enhance the role of the RMB in international trade and investment, and make it more likely for global central banks to use the RMB as a reserve currency
this should further rece the transaction costs, exchange rate risk and borrowing costs of China and its enterprises. China has become the largest trading country in the world.
7. Cheater system, is this also believed? Intelligence tax! If you think about it carefully, everyone's money is put in, and everyone's asking for money is to get the money from others. The money goes around here, and you have to collect the single currency and commission, and finally you can cash it back. How do they make money? How much wool do you earn? There is only one reason, that is, pyramid schemes. One deceives the other. In the end, the big boss donates money and runs away.
8.
Reserve position in the IMF: refers to the balance of a member's drawing rights in the IMF's reserves, plus the balance of convertible currency loans provided to the IMF
reserve position is a country's automatic drawing right in the International Monetary Fund, and its amount mainly depends on the member country's share in the International Monetary Fund. The maximum limit that a member country can use is 125% of its share, and the minimum is 0
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extended data:
reserves
1. Foreign exchange reserves
when a country carries out foreign trade, there are imports and exports, income and expenditure. When there is a trade surplus, we can accumulate international reserves. When there is a trade deficit, we can balance the trade deficit without recing imports. Sufficient reserves can also stabilize the exchange rate
the excessive devaluation of the local currency, the intervention of the central bank in the market, the selling of foreign exchange, and the rise of the local currency exchange rate. On the contrary, it will buy foreign exchange to ease the pressure of exchange rate appreciation. A country is rich in foreign exchange reserves and its currency value is strong. In international exchanges, its waist will be much harder
2 and China's reserve
2001 increased the Chinese mainland's international reserves by 47 billion 325 million US dollars and foreign exchange reserves to US $212 billion 165 million, ranking only second of the world's largest after Japan. Whether China's international reserves are a little "excessive" or not is worth further discussion
However, it is universally acknowledged that only by virtue of our strong international reserves can we solemnly promise the world that RMB will not depreciate after the Asian financial crisis9. The main business activities of IMF include: providing loans to its members, promoting international cooperation on monetary issues, studying issues related to the reform of the international monetary system, expanding the role of IMF, providing technical assistance and strengthening contacts with other international institutions<
according to the purpose of the world bank, its main business activities are to provide long-term loans to developing member countries, provide loans and technical assistance to member countries' governments or private enterprises guaranteed by the government, and support them to build some construction projects with long construction period, low profit margin but necessary for the country's economic and social development
the two organizations are different: the world bank is committed to eliminating poverty and improving the financial situation of developing countries, while the IMF's main function is the Intergovernmental monetary and economic coordination organization. Both of them have great influence, but there is no comparability between different things.
for example, you ask which is better, apple or pear.
according to the purpose of the world bank, its main business activities are to provide long-term loans to developing member countries, provide loans and technical assistance to member countries' governments or private enterprises guaranteed by the government, and support them to build some construction projects with long construction period, low profit margin but necessary for the country's economic and social development
the two organizations are different: the world bank is committed to eliminating poverty and improving the financial situation of developing countries, while the IMF's main function is the Intergovernmental monetary and economic coordination organization. Both of them have great influence, but there is no comparability between different things.
for example, you ask which is better, apple or pear.
10. It is controlled by Western powers and lacks impartiality.
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