What are the virtual currencies in the UK

1. virtual currency refers to non real currency. Well known virtual currencies, such as online currency of Internet company, q-coin of Tencent company, q-point and voucher of Shanda company, micro currency launched by Sina (used for micro games, Sina reading, etc.), chivalrous Yuanbao (used for chivalrous road game), silver grain (used for bixue Qingtian game), and popular digital currencies in 2013 include bitcoin, Laite coin, infinite coin, quark coin, zeta coin, etc Barbecue coins, pennies (Internet), invisible gold bars, red coins, prime coins. At present, hundreds of digital currencies are issued all over the world. Popular in the circle & quot; The legend of "bitcoin, Wright silver, infinite copper, pennies aluminum"
according to the notice and announcement issued by the people's Bank of China and other departments, virtual currency is not issued by the monetary authority, does not have legal compensation and mandatory monetary attributes, is not a real currency, does not have the same legal status as currency, cannot and should not be used as currency in the market, and citizens' investment and transaction of virtual currency are not protected by law
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2. Virtual currency refers to non real currency. Well known virtual currencies, such as online currency of Internet company, QQ currency of Tencent company, q-point and voucher of Shanda company, micro currency launched by Sina (used for micro games, Sina reading, etc.), chivalrous Yuanbao (used for chivalrous road game), silver pattern (used for bixue love day game), and popular digital currencies since 2013 include bitcoin, Laite coin, doggy coin and Fuyuan coin. At present, hundreds of digital currencies are issued all over the world

network virtual currency can be roughly divided into

the first category is familiar game currency. In the era of stand-alone games, the protagonist accumulates money by knocking down the enemy, entering the gambling house to win money, and using these to buy Herbs and equipment, but it can only be used in his own game console. At that time, there was no "market" between players. Since the establishment of Internet portal and community, the realization of game networking, virtual currency has a "financial market", players can trade game currency

the second type is the special currency issued by the portal website or instant messaging service provider, which is used to purchase the services in the website. The most widely used is Tencent's q-coin, which can be used to purchase membership, QQ show and other value-added services

the third kind of virtual currency on the Internet, such as bitcoin (BTC), Wright currency (LTC), Fuyuan currency (FTC), etc. bitcoin is an electronic currency proced by open-source P2P software. Some people also translate bitcoin as "bitcoin", which is a kind of network virtual currency. It is mainly used for Internet financial investment, and it is also a new payment system. Fuyuan coin is an applied digital currency, similar to business points. Buy jewelry to get Fuyuan coin, which can be used to buy jewelry.

3. In addition to bitcoin, there are many other virtual currencies in the virtual world< Liteoin (LTC) was released on October 7, 2011, and is currently the most valuable counterfeit currency, accounting for about 2% of BTC's market value. The current unit price is US $2.31, with a total currency value of US $38 million

this is also a distributed (decentralized) digital currency. Unlike the sha256 mining algorithm used by bitcoin, LTC adopts scrypt algorithm. Scrypt algorithm uses sha256 as its subroutine, and scrypt itself needs a lot of memory. Each hash is used as the seed of the input, and then it needs a lot of memory to store another pseudo-random sequence to generate the pseudo-random points of the sequence and output the hash value. In the mining of BTC (bitcoin), it is not enough to rely on simple graphics card mining (it takes about ten to dozens of days to dig a BTC with general configuration graphics card). The emergence of various expensive mining machines has raised the threshold for ordinary people to get BTC through mining, while LTC has certain advantages in using PC graphics card mining This passage comes from Zhihu.)

compared with BTC, litecain has made a little improvement in technology. If BTC is gold now, LTC is silver for the time being

the biggest advantage of litecoin is that it can confirm the authenticity faster. The virtual currency is designed and maintained by Charles Lee. Bitcoin transactions need to be verified, and the average verification time is more than 10 minutes. Most transaction websites need 1 hour to verify. The average transaction confirmation time of liteoin is 2.5 minutes. Developers claim that shortening the verification time increases the practicability of virtual currency. The bitcoin mining efficiency of customized machine and AMD GPU is the highest, making it almost unprofitable for miners using CPU mining. Litecain's mining excludes GPUs and custom processors, so it doesn't rely too much on a small number of professional miners

ppcoin

ppcoin (PPC) was released on August 19, 2012, which has improved the original technology of BTC. Use proof of make and add the concept of coin age

ppcoin is a bifurcated project of bitcoin, which aims to achieve energy efficiency and maintain the best performance of the original bitcoin as far as possible. The unit price of ppcoin is US $0.22 and the total currency value is US $4 million

ppcoin does not have a fixed upper limit of money supply, but it does not mean that ppcoin has obvious inflation compared with bitcoin. Bitcoin can be compared to gold. The annual inflation rate of gold is about 1-3%. Although gold has no known upper limit of money supply, we still know that it is a reliable scarce commodity

ppcoin has two types of casting: work certificate and equity certificate. The coinage rate of working proof is affected by Moore's law, which depends on the doubling of our working proof ability. What we all know is that Moore's law will eventually come to an end. By then, the ppcoin of inflation may be close to the gold level. The annual maximum inflation rate of certificate of equity is 1%. At the same time, ppcoin's transaction costs were destroyed to fight inflation. So on the whole, the coin design of ppcoin is still a very low inflation design in the future, which can be comparable with bitcoin<

ppcoin's reward is similar to lottery, which will determine the winning probability according to the number of ppcoin held by miners. Sunny king, one of the founders, said that their design is based on a new concept of long-term energy efficiency

terracoin

terracoin (TRC) was released on October 26, 2012, with a total currency of 42 million. The speed of each block is 2 minutes, slightly faster than LTC. There is not much special in technology, similar to the proction of BTC halved every four years

however, the operation team seems to have a strong business background and may be better than other bitcoins in circulation. The development of virtual currency is getting more and more attention. Now some teams with business background will accelerate the development of virtual currency

namecoin

namecoin is a distributed domain name system based on bitcoin technology. Its principle is the same as bitcoin. The first release date of this open source software is April 18, 2011

namecoin is generated from an original block which is different from bitcoin's main trading block. It uses a new blockchain, which is independent of bitcoin's blockchain. Because it is based on bitcoin, the security, distribution, robustness, encryption and migration of domain names are guaranteed mathematically. You can dig bitcoin and namecoin at the same time

this project was discussed and proposed by bitdns, which is mainly dissatisfied with the defects of DNS. The only top-level domain name of namecoin is. Bit. It costs namecoin to register a. Bit domain name

in addition, Q currency, Shanda currency, starting point currency and various online game currencies are also virtual currencies.

4. In the global real life does not appear, does not exist with the real life, but has a considerable value of currency called virtual currency, such as bitcoin, token, Leyte coin, Yuanbao coin

5. There is only sterling and Scotch currency in circulation in the UK. There is no difference between sterling and Scotch money in the UK. Today's (May 13, 2011) exchange rate of sterling and RMB is 1:10.564. There are few places where UnionPay cards can be used in the UK. It's better to use visa or master. The charge for BOC Great Wall international card is 2 pounds per hand. It seems that it is the bank under information.

6. The pound is the standard unit of currency in the United Kingdom and is issued by the Bank of England. The subsidiary currency units were shilling and penny. One pound equals 20 shillings and one shilling equals 12 pence. On February 15, 1971, the Bank of England implemented a new currency carry system. The subsidiary currency unit was changed to new penny and one pound equals 100 new pence. At present, there are 5, 10, 20 and 50 denominations of banknotes in circulation, as well as 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 new pence and 1 pound coins

now one pound is equivalent to nine yuan and fifty cents RMB

7. Banknotes 50 pounds 20 pounds 10 pounds 5 pounds
coins 50p 20p 10p 5p 2p 1p

1 pound = 100p

now 1 pound is about 10 yuan!

8. The pound is the name of the national currency and monetary unit of the United Kingdom. Although Britain is a member of the European Union, it has not yet joined the euro area, so it still uses the pound
sterling is mainly issued by the Bank of England, but there are also other issuers. The most commonly used symbol for pound sterling is & #;. The ISO 4217 currency code adopted by the international organization for Standardization for pound sterling is GBP (Great Britain pound). In addition to the United Kingdom, the currency of the British Overseas Territories is also in pounds, and the exchange rate with the pound is fixed at 1:1
as Britain is the first instrialized country in the world and once dominated the international financial instry, pound sterling used to be the most widely used currency in international settlement business. After World War I and World War II, Britain's economic status continued to decline, but e to historical reasons, Britain's financial instry is still very developed, and the pound still occupies a very high position in the settlement of foreign exchange transactions. The British pound is printed with contributing figures and royalty
the British pound is the standard unit of currency, issued by the Bank of England in 1694. The unit of secondary currency was shilling and pence. One pound was 20 shillings and one shilling was 12 pence. On February 15, 1971, the Bank of England implemented a new currency carry system. The unit of secondary currency was changed to new pence and one pound was 100 new pence. There are five, ten, twenty and fifty pound notes in circulation, and one, two, five, ten, twenty and fifty new pence and one pound coin.

9. The currency of England is called pound sterling
the British pound is the name of the national currency and monetary unit
the British pound is the standard unit of currency, issued by the Bank of England in 1694. The unit of secondary currency was shilling and pence. One pound was 20 shillings and one shilling was 12 pence. On February 15, 1971, the Bank of England implemented a new currency carry system. The unit of secondary currency was changed to new pence and one pound was 100 new pence. There are five, ten, twenty and fifty pound notes in circulation, one, two, five, ten, twenty and fifty new pence and one, two pound coins
the gold standard was officially adopted in 1821, and the pound became the standard monetary unit of the United Kingdom, containing 7.32238 grams of pure gold per pound. When the first World War broke out in 1914, Britain abolished the gold standard, stopped the circulation of gold coins, and stopped exchanging gold. On May 13, 1925, Britain carried out the gold standard system, and then it was forced to give up on September 21, 1931 because of the world economic crisis. The pound evolved into a banknote that could not be cashed. However, e to the need of foreign exchange control, on December 18, 1946, the gold content of British pound was still 3.58134g
up to the beginning of the 20th century, pound sterling was the most important international means of payment and reserve currency in the capitalist world. After the first World War, pound sterling's status as an international reserve currency tended to decline and was graally replaced by the US dollar. During the outbreak of the Second World War, Britain implemented strict foreign exchange control and fixed the exchange rate of pound sterling at 4.03 US dollars. On July 15, 1947, Britain announced the free exchange of pound sterling. Due to the rapid loss of foreign exchange reserves, foreign exchange control was restored in August of the same year
in September 1949, Britain announced the devaluation of the British pound by 30.5%, recing the exchange rate of the British pound against the US dollar to US $2.80.
on November 18, 1967, the British pound depreciated again, the exchange rate against the US dollar dropped to US $2.40, and the gold content of the British pound also dropped to 2.13281 grams
after the floating exchange rate of US dollar was implemented on August 15, 1971, the pound began to determine its price to us dollar on the basis of constant gold content. After the official depreciation of the US dollar on December 18 of the same year, the new official exchange rate of the British pound against the US dollar rose to 2.6057 US dollars. The real exchange rate can fluctuate from US $2.5471 to US $2.6643, with a fluctuation of about 4.5%
on March 19, 1973, the eight western European countries formed a joint floating group, and the United Kingdom did not participate, so it continued to float alone. In January of the following year, the sterling real exchange rate system became a managed floating exchange rate mechanism. In the same year, the pound area shrank to include only the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Caymans and the Channel Islands. The gold reserve for the issue of the pound is at least equivalent to more than 2.65 billion pounds
on October 8, 1990, the British pound joined the European monetary system, and the fluctuation range of its exchange rate against various currencies in the monetary system was 6%
on September 16, 1992, Britain announced that the pound was temporarily separated from the European monetary system
on February 22, 2013, Moody's credit rating company officially announced to rece the credit rating of the UK from AAA to Aa1. After the United States in 2011 and France in 2012, it is now the turn of the UK to rece the credit rating. This is the first time that Britain has lost its top rating from an authoritative rating agency. In fact, as early as February last year, Moody's lowered the rating outlook of British sovereign and central bank from stable to negative. After a year's observation, Moody's finally officially lowered the rating. In March 1978, Moody's gave the UK government bonds the highest AAA rating, while both standard & Poor's and Fitch gave the UK the highest AAA rating. However, the latter two gave a negative outlook on the UK's rating. It is estimated that they will also reassess the UK
Moody's concluded that there are three key reasons for the downgrade; First, the UK's medium-term growth outlook remains weak, and Moody's expects that it will continue to grow weakly for the next five years. Second, the limited medium-term growth prospects challenge the government's fiscal consolidation plan, which will continue until the next Congress. Finally, to make matters worse, Britain's debt is high and growing, and the government's ability to digest its balance sheet is deteriorating, which is unlikely to be reversed before 2016.