Virtual currency Xinhua News Agency

1. This belongs to the issue of RMB internationalization, which can not be summarized in one or two words
RMB internationalization refers to the process that RMB can cross national boundaries, circulate abroad, and become an internationally recognized pricing, settlement and reserve currency. Although the current circulation of RMB overseas does not mean that RMB has been internationalized, the expansion of RMB overseas circulation will eventually lead to the internationalization of RMB and make it a world currency
in an exclusive interview with Xinhua news agency in Beijing on November 9, 2014, Andre koskin, President of the Russian Foreign Trade Bank, said that the Chinese government is committed to turning RMB into an international reserve currency and settlement currency, and Russia has a very positive attitude towards this
regarding the development of RMB internationalization, the city of London said that the current development momentum is good. The internationalization of a country's currency needs a high degree of purposeful policy guidance and policy predictability. In these two aspects, China has a very good grasp of policies in the process of promoting RMB internationalization. The RMB cross-border payment system has begun to operate, which is another great progress in the process of RMB internationalization. RMB is currently the fourth largest trading currency in the world, and the city of London expects RMB to become one of the most important trading currencies in the future. The city of London will also make its own efforts to achieve this goal. In the future, it will promote the internationalization of RMB in many fields, such as RMB entering SDR, promoting the development of China's carbon finance, and helping to introce more institutional investors
IMF announces that RMB can be used for overseas shopping in SDR: the International Monetary Fund announced on November 30 local time that RMB will be officially included in the IMF's special drawing rights (SDR) basket, and the resolution will take effect on October 1, 2016. The voting meeting was presided over by IMF president Christine Lagarde. 188 IMF member states attended the meeting and voted. SDR is an international reserve asset created by IMF in 1969 to make up for the lack of official reserves of member countries. Its value is currently determined by a basket of reserve currencies composed of US dollar, euro, Japanese yen and pound sterling. The IMF evaluates the SDR every five years. According to the data on the IMF website, so far, the US dollar has accounted for 41.9% of the SDR basket, the euro 37.4%, the pound 11.3% and the yen 9.4%
the meaning of RMB internationalization includes three aspects: first, RMB cash enjoys a certain degree of liquidity abroad; Secondly, and most importantly, RMB denominated financial procts have become investment tools of major international financial institutions, including the central bank. Therefore, the scale of RMB denominated financial market is expanding; Third, in international trade, transactions settled in RMB should reach a certain proportion. This is a common standard to measure the internationalization of currencies, including RMB, and the latter two are the most important. At present, the highest form of economic competition among countries is currency competition. If the substitution of RMB for other currencies is strengthened, it will not only change the distribution pattern of reserve currency and its related seigniorage benefits, but also have a profound impact on the geopolitical pattern of western countries
based on the analysis of the current situation of RMB overseas circulation, in the past, RMB was only circulated in border areas, but has been circulated and exchanged in some areas of some developed countries. It can be said that the process of China's economic development is the process of RMB circulation expansion. The faster the speed of economic development, the wider the scope of circulation and the greater the quantity
RMB has become another "hard currency" in Southeast Asia, second only to us dollar, euro and yen. In the southwest border area, RMB, known as "small US dollar", is used as a hard currency and has a wide circulation range. RMB in the three northeastern provinces of Laos can completely replace the local currency and circulate in the territory as far as Vientiane, the capital of Laos. In the border trade and tourism activities between China and Myanmar, xiaomengla, an important town of Chan state in Myanmar, has an annual outflow and inflow of more than 1 billion yuan
the circulation range of RMB in Vietnam is also very wide, and it has been circulating throughout Vietnam. The National Bank of Vietnam has launched RMB storage business. In Northwest China, RMB mainly circulates in five Central Asian countries, Russia and Pakistan. At present, Kazakhstan has the largest cross-border circulation volume of RMB, about more than 1 billion yuan. The total amount of RMB circulating in other Central Asian countries is more than one billion yuan
in Northeast China, RMB mainly flows to Russia, North Korea and Mongolia. Mongolia, in particular, has adopted RMB as its main foreign currency. Every bank in Mongolia has carried out RMB savings business. In the border trade with Mongolia, RMB cash trading volume accounts for more than 1 / 3 of the total bilateral trading volume
Hong Kong, China, has the largest cross-border circulation of RMB. RMB can be freely convertible in Hong Kong through various channels. Different from other neighboring countries and regions, RMB is used as a reserve currency for investment in Hong Kong. In addition, RMB is also widely used in Macao, China
since the beginning of the 21st century, RMB has been circulating to some developed countries and regions in the world. The main performance is that RMB has been used in some developed countries and regions. With the increasing number of Chinese tourists, RMB exchange business has also been carried out in airports and hotels in some European countries, the United States, Canada and other countries. For example, New York's airport, Chinatown and some areas where Chinese are concentrated. In Japan, where Chinese are more concentrated, RMB has been collected
the circulation of RMB in neighboring countries is the performance of China's economic growth to a new stage. At the same time, the process of RMB internationalization has begun. The trend of RMB internationalization should first be the result of market choice, not the result of government forces
specifically, the internationalization of a country's currency is first determined by the country's economic fundamentals: larger economic scale and sustained growth trend are the economic basis for building traders' confidence in the currency; Countries with a high degree of economic openness and an important position in the world economy can obtain traders' demand for their currency. The confidence and demand of international traders for this kind of currency determines that this kind of currency will play a more and more important role in the world monetary system, and will eventually become an international currency
according to these conditions, the trend of RMB internationalization is the result of market choice. After the Asian financial crisis in 1997, in order to maintain the international reputation of RMB's non devaluation, the people's Bank of China narrowed the fluctuation range of RMB and formed a relatively stable relationship with the US dollar, making RMB quickly recognized by the surrounding areas and forming a "good currency" image in the region. At the same time, the strong performance of RMB supported by high-speed and stable economic growth not only enhances the reputation of RMB in the region, but also wins the trust and needs of the regional market
from China's point of view, the formation of China's economic characteristics and the improvement of internationalization have enhanced the confidence of international economic transaction participants and the general public in RMB, thus increasing the demand for RMB. If China's economic growth is sustainable and its universal acceptance will be greatly improved, RMB will inevitably become an international currency
from the perspective of Asia, with the rise of China, a currency as a value measure in a market will greatly rece the transaction costs in trade and capital flow, create more trade opportunities for the region, and improve the scale, efficiency and national welfare of the transaction. The improvement of economic integration between China and Asia will expand the scale of Asian market and generate the demand for common value standards. The promotion of RMB status will be an inevitable result, and it will be possible for RMB to replace other currencies in Asia.

2. The Chinese version of CBDC is described as digital RMB, which is issued by the people's Bank of China, operated by designated operators and exchanged to the public. It is based on the generalized account system, supports the loose coupling function of bank accounts, is equivalent to banknotes and coins, and has value characteristics and legal compensation
what we call DC / EP is the Chinese version of the central bank's digital currency, translated as "digital currency and electronic payment instruments"
the center for International Settlements (BIS) and the Committee on payment and market infrastructure (CPMI), two authoritative international organizations, jointly concted two questionnaires on more than 60 central banks in 2018 and 2019. The content of the questionnaire includes the work progress of central banks on digital currency, the motivation of studying digital currency and the possibility of issuing digital currency. 70% of central banks said they are (or will be) involved in the research of digital currency
response time: October 13, 2020. Please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank for the latest business changes

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3. What a shoudan teacher needs is not a certificate, but a professional and technical level.

4.

Zimbabwe carried out monetary reform on February 2 this year, removing 12 zeros from its huge banknotes, that is, the current 100 billion banknotes will be equal to 1 yuan. In August last year, the Central Bank of Zimbabwe announced that it would remove the 10 zeros from the bank notes, but it rose back because of hyperinflation. At present, Zimbabwe's inflation rate has reached 1 billion percent. From January 2008 to one year ago, the devaluation of the currency has reached 100 billion times, which is beyond the speed of the legal currency and gold yuan coupons issued by the Chinese Kuomintang government 60 years ago. On January 16, this year, Zimbabwe issued a set of new banknotes with the largest denomination in the world, including 10 trillion, 20 trillion, 50 trillion and 100 trillion Tianjin yuan. However, because the denomination is too large and inconvenient to use, according to the official exchange rate of Zimbabwe on February 8, the current 1 US dollar and 32.19 new Zimbabwean dollars have depreciated by 50% in five days compared with February 3. It seems that there will be another super large denomination banknote in Zimbabwe in a year. After all, it does not solve the real problem. It does not work to delete zero banknotes alone

the figure below shows the new Zimbabwe dollar

issued on February 2

5.

In 1999, the people's Bank of China issued the fifth set of RMB five yuan coupons. The magnificent picture of Mount Tai on the back is from Shandong painter Li Shuping

First, Lao Li painted this unique stone of the five mountains. Then he walked along Mount Tai and successively painted the main peak of Mount Tai, Shibapan and Nantianmen. After painting these, Lao Li immediately went down the mountain and immediately returned to his studio in Beijing to draw two pictures of the pattern on the back of RMB. But it's hard to decide which one to submit. After all, there was only one jury, and Lao Li wanted to combine the two paintings on one picture. Unexpectedly, he chose them, and now he has the 5 Yuan Yuan classic of the five mountains

6. Five sets
on December 1, 1948, the people's Bank of China established and issued the first set of RMB, with a total of 12 denominations and 62 editions, of which 2 are 1 yuan bonds, 4 are 5 yuan bonds, 4 are 10 yuan bonds, 7 are 20 yuan bonds, 7 are 50 yuan bonds, 10 are 100 yuan bonds, 5 are 200 yuan bonds, 6 are 500 yuan bonds, 6 are 1000 yuan bonds, 5 are 5000 yuan bonds, 4 are 10000 yuan bonds, and 2 are 50000 yuan bonds
the unified issuance of RMB is a major measure taken to meet the national liberation. It eliminated all kinds of currencies issued by the Kuomintang government, ended decades of inflation under the Kuomintang rule and China's nearly 100 year history of foreign currency, gold and silver in the market, promoted the overall victory of the people's Liberation War, and played an important role in the economic recovery period in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, The first set of RMB ceased to circulate on May 15, 1955

for information about RMB, you can visit this website: http://ke..com/view/16730.htm Hope to help you.

7. It needs to be verified by the bank. Before you take the bank, take a picture of RMB number and reserve it

8. Chen Shilin, a senior engineer of China Photographers Association, was once the head of the technical group and renovation group of the Photography Department of Xinhua news agency, and the head of the national leaders' photo work. In addition to the standard image of Mao Zedong, Chen Shilin had processed all the photos of state leaders at that time, including Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De and Lin Biao
in his early teens, Chen Shilin was sent by his father to Nanjing photo studio to study art. Later, he made a living in Hong Kong and Taiwan to learn how to process photos. In July 1950, Chen Shilin returned to the mainland. At that time, few people were able to process photos and repair the level, density and three-dimensional sense of light. Chen Shilin was left behind as a talent. He entered the Central News and photography Bureau, and later the Photography Department of the Xinhua news agency. He enjoyed the same high-level treatment as the old revolution in Yan'an. He could eat a small stove and sleep on a sofa bed. Just in time to make standard photos for Mao Zedong, Chen Shilin's technology came in handy< "Politics comes first"
several people asked Chen Shilin why Chairman Mao's teeth appear so white in the photos? At the beginning of liberation, the chairman smoked so much that his teeth were very dark. When he took photos, he laughed and found that all the teeth were black. When he saw a picture of the chairman showing his teeth, he had to remove the black teeth
some people ask, is this against the truth? Chen Shilin said that the problem should be looked at in this way. The chairman is so busy and tired with his work that he often goes to wash his teeth and makes them very white. It is impossible to do so! We technical workers should be considerate of the chairman and simply repair the photos. If the teeth in the photo are black, I don't think it's true. In essence, the chairman's teeth are white. The real effect is to remove the black teeth< In 1965, Chairman Mao went back to Jinggangshan and photographed a picture with a smile and a good mood. But there are people looking around on both sides of the picture, which is very incongruous. If the two sides are cut off, the atmosphere of the scene will be lost. Chen Shilin was responsible for the task of repairing the photos. He synthesized and enlarged three negatives, removed the left and right crowd on the picture, restored the site and trees, and repaired the white teeth for the chairman, which "strengthened Mao Zedong's happy smile"
"I was the leader of the renovation team at that time. The renovation was a" remake "renovation, and the renovation was a" finishing "renovation. People who don't know think Xinhua has an anti revisionist group. " Chen Shilin recalled
in order to ensure Chairman Mao's safety, Mao Zedong never went to a photo studio, nor did he like to be photographed. Chen Shilin chose a group photo of Mao Zedong and a model worker from tens of thousands of negatives, and extracted Mao Zedong's head from the "group photo". He ground the spring of the clock very thin, made it into a blade, and repaired Mao Zedong's head on the right back side. Mao Zedong's first standard photo was born under the wind knife, and more than 20 million copies were printed in a year. As a commemorative pattern with the highest face value, it will be published in the new version of RMB in the future
"generally, photos should not be repaired. The masses can understand what they are. But the situation was different at that time. Politics came first. " Chen Shilin stressed that the premise of finishing a photo is that the photo must be real, especially if the image structure of the photo can not be moved, and if it moves a little, it will be fake. Fake photos don't come to a good end. Chen Shilin said that in special times, it was often necessary to perform major operations on photos for political reasons. For example, the Xinhua News Agency published a photo of Chairman Mao, Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping and other people attending the meeting at that time, but the reporter did not take Deng Xiaoping at that time for some reason. In the later stage, he worked hard to come up with a trick to cut Chen Yi's head from the picture, Deng Xiaoping's head is on Chen Yi. After this "head changing case" was exposed, it was regarded by the gang of four as the evidence of the restoration of the "capitalist roaders". It was criticized severely, and the people who processed the photos were also punished