Control of virtual currency
1、 (1) the virtual currency of online games mentioned in this Notice refers to the virtual currency issued by online game operators, which is purchased directly or indirectly by game users using legal tender in a certain proportion, and exists outside the game program and stored in the server provided by online game operators in the form of electromagnetic recording, And a virtual exchange tool expressed in specific digital units. Online game virtual currency is used to exchange the online game services provided by the issuing enterprise within a specified scope and within a specified time. It is expressed in the form of prepaid recharge card, prepaid amount or points, but does not include the game props obtained in the game activities
(2) cultural administrative departments should strictly enforce market access and strengthen the management of online game virtual currency issuers and online game virtual currency trading service providers. Those engaged in the business of "online game virtual currency issuing service" and "online game virtual currency trading service" shall be managed in accordance with the "decision of the State Council on Setting Administrative License for administrative examination and approval items that really need to be retained" (Order No. 412 of the State Council) and the "Interim Provisions on the administration of Internet culture". All enterprises providing the above two services must meet the relevant conditions for the establishment of operational Internet cultural units, apply to the provincial cultural administrative department where the enterprises are located, and report to the Ministry of culture for examination and approval after the initial examination by the provincial cultural administrative department“ Online game virtual currency issuing enterprises refer to online game operation enterprises that issue and provide virtual currency service“ "Online game virtual currency transaction service enterprise" refers to the enterprise that provides platform service for online game virtual currency transaction among users. The same enterprise shall not operate the above two businesses at the same time
(3) in addition to submitting relevant materials in accordance with the law, enterprises applying to engage in the business of "online game virtual currency issuance service" must submit the form of virtual currency expression, scope of issuance, unit purchase price, return method at the time of service termination, user purchase method (including cash, bank card, online payment, etc.) in the business development report User rights protection measures, technical security measures, etc< (4) engaging in the business of "online game virtual currency trading service" must comply with the relevant provisions of the competent department of Commerce on e-commerce (platform) services. In addition to the materials submitted in accordance with the law, such enterprises should submit the service (platform) mode, user purchase method (including cash, bank card, online payment and other purchase methods), user rights protection measures, user account binding with real name bank account, technical security measures, etc. in the business development report< (5) enterprises that have engaged in online game virtual currency issuing or trading services shall apply to the cultural administration department for relevant business operations within three months from the date of printing and distributing this circular. Those who fail to apply within the time limit shall be investigated and dealt with by the cultural administrative department in accordance with the Interim Provisions on the administration of Internet culture. A of the approval document from the cultural administration department shall be sent to the Ministry of Commerce and the people's Bank of China< (6) online game operators should issue appropriate amount of online game virtual currency according to their own business conditions and proct operations. Malicious issuance for the purpose of occupying prepaid funds is strictly prohibited. The total amount of virtual currency issued by online game operation enterprises shall be submitted to the provincial cultural administrative department of the place where the enterprise is located on a quarterly basis
(7) except for legal currency purchase, online game operators shall not provide online game virtual currency to users in any other way. When issuing online game virtual currency, online game operators must keep users' recharge records. The storage period of the record shall not be less than 180 days from the date of user recharge< (8) the use of online game virtual currency is limited to the virtual services provided by the issuing enterprise itself, and shall not be used to pay for or purchase physical procts or exchange for any procts or services of other enterprises< (9) online game operators should take necessary measures and complaint handling proceres to protect the legitimate rights and interests of users, and explain them in a prominent position on the website where the enterprise provides services to users
(x) in case of disputes in the use of virtual currency in online games, the user shall present a valid personal identity card consistent with the registered identity information. After verifying the identity of users, online game operators should provide virtual currency recharge and transfer records, and handle them according to the complaint handling proceres. When the legitimate rights and interests of users are infringed, online game operators should actively assist in obtaining evidence and coordinating solutions< (11) if an online game operator plans to terminate the provision of its procts and services, it shall make an announcement 60 days in advance. When the service is terminated, for the virtual currency that the user has purchased but has not used, the online game operator must return it to the user in legal currency or other ways accepted by the user
if the online game service is interrupted continuously for 30 days e to the stop of service access, technical failure and other reasons of the online game operation enterprise, it shall be deemed to be terminated
(12) online game operation enterprises shall not change the unit purchase price of online game virtual currency. When new types of virtual currency are issued, they shall report to the cultural administration department for record according to the materials listed in Article 3 of this circular
(XIII) if online game operators do not support online game virtual currency transactions, they should take technical measures to prohibit the transfer function of online game virtual currency between user accounts
(14) when providing online game virtual currency related transaction services, online game virtual currency transaction service enterprises must require sellers to register with their real names by using valid identity documents, and require them to bind domestic bank accounts consistent with the real name registration information. Online game virtual currency transaction service enterprises must keep relevant transaction records and accounting records among users, and the retention period shall not be less than 180 days from the date of transaction< (15) online game virtual currency trading service enterprises should establish accountability system and technical measures for illegal transactions, strictly screen the authenticity of trading information, and prohibit illegal transactions. Knowing that the virtual currency of online games is illegally obtained or reported and verified, the false transaction information should be deleted and the transaction service should be terminated in time< (16) online game virtual currency trading service enterprises shall not provide trading services for minors
(17) online game virtual currency issuing enterprises and transaction service enterprises should actively take measures to protect personal information security. When relevant departments investigate according to law, they must actively cooperate and provide relevant records
(18) if online game operators provide virtual currency transfer services between users, they should take technical measures to keep the transfer records, and the relevant records should be kept for no less than 180 days< (19) all localities should cooperate with the public security organs to strictly punish online games with gambling color in accordance with the requirements of the notice on regulating the operation order of online games and banning gambling with online games (GTZ [2007] No. 3) issued by the Ministry of public security, the Ministry of culture and other departments, We will severely crack down on the illegal and criminal activities of gambling by using the virtual currency of online games
(20) online game operators are not allowed to allocate game props or virtual currency by drawing lots, betting, random selection and other accidental means on the premise that users directly invest cash or virtual currency
(21) online game virtual currency issuing and trading service enterprises should actively cooperate with the management department and take technical measures to crack down on "number theft", "private service" and "plug-in"
(22) the Ministry of culture shall notify the people's Bank of China of online payment services provided on the "private service" and "plug-in" websites of online games recognized by the Ministry of culture< (23) the cultural administrative departments at or above the provincial level shall investigate and deal with the enterprises that engage in the issuance and trading services of online game virtual currency without permission in accordance with the Interim Provisions on the administration of Internet culture
(24) for the online game virtual currency issuing and trading service enterprises that violate the requirements of this circular, the cultural administrative department and the competent commercial department shall notify them to rectify within a time limit. Those who fail to rectify within the time limit shall be investigated and dealt with by relevant departments according to law
(25) establish a coordination mechanism for the management of virtual currency in online games, and intensify the crackdown on illegal activities such as "number theft", "private service", "plug-in", illegal profits, money laundering, etc. All departments should regularly communicate, coordinate and cooperate with each other, timely report the relevant situation, and do a good job in the management of online game virtual currency within their respective responsibilities
(26) the online game virtual currency issued by the online game operation enterprise shall not coincide with the name of the props in the game. The administrative provisions for props in online games shall be formulated separately by the cultural administrative department of the State Council in conjunction with relevant departments
notice is hereby given<
Ministry of culture
Ministry of Commerce
June 4, 2009
Recently, the people's Bank of China held a national teleconference on money and gold and silver work in 2018. Fan Yifei, vice governor of the people's Bank of China, pointed out at the meeting that this year we should solidly promote the research and development of digital currency of the people's Bank of China, strive to improve the level of cash service, carry out the rectification and clean-up of all kinds of virtual currency, closely communicate and cooperate with relevant departments, and vigorously rectify the chaos in the field of cash circulation
Fan Yifei pointed out that the current work of currency gold and silver is facing new challenges, the traditional business environment has undergone major changes, the development of digital economy, the diversification of means of payment and the change of the public's habit of using banknotes have had a profound impact on the issuance and circulation of RMB, and the public has put forward new and higher requirements for the level of cash service“ The central bank's monetary gold and silver work needs to be continuously deepened in serving the real economy, effectively promoted in improving services for people's livelihood, and comprehensively strengthened in preventing and defusing risks. "
"commercial banks should give full play to the pivotal role of cash delivery and withdrawal, further do a good job in the issuance of ordinary commemorative coins, and effectively improve the public satisfaction; Further strengthen the cash analysis, improve the level of cash management, strengthen the management of large amount of cash, and effectively protect the people's demand for small denomination RMB; We will further strengthen the anti-counterfeiting work, strengthen internal control and management, and constantly improve the ability of employees and cash machines to intercept counterfeit money. " Fan Yifei said
money, in essence, is the contract of exchange right between owners. Different forms of money are unified in essence. In the past, e to people's unclear understanding of the nature of money, people mistakenly divided money into different categories from different angles, such as debt currency and non debt currency according to the commodity value of money, convertible currency and non convertible currency according to whether the exchange ratio of precious metals is agreed, etc
formally, according to the commodity value of money, it can be divided into physical money and formal money. Physical money itself is a special kind of goods, including the amount of value, such as sheep, precious metals, etc; The formal currency itself has no value, its value is contractual, only contractual value. The two forms are different, but they are unified in essence, that is, they are both agreed as the medium of exchange, and both have contractual value. The purchasing power of money depends on the contract value of money, but the purchasing power of physical money is also affected by its own commodity value. Generally, the commodity value of physical money is less than its contract value as money
in high school textbooks, the essence of money is interpreted as a general equivalent[ 3] This definition only starts from the function, in fact, it does not explain the essence of money, nor can it answer the inherent logical question, that is, why money can act as a general equivalent
for questions about the nature of monetary contract, please refer to monetary contract
secondly, virtual currency
refers to non real currency. Well known virtual currencies, such as online currency of Internet company, q-coin of Tencent company, q-point and voucher of Shanda company, micro currency launched by Sina (used for micro games, Sina reading, etc.), chivalrous Yuanbao (used for chivalrous road game), silver grain (used for bixue Qingtian game), and popular digital currencies in 2013 include bitcoin, Laite coin, infinite coin, quark coin, zeta coin, etc Barbecue coins, pennies (Internet), invisible gold bars, red coins, prime coins. At present, hundreds of digital currencies are issued all over the world. Popular in the circle & quot; The legend of "bitcoin, Wright silver, infinite copper, pennies aluminum"
according to the notice and announcement issued by the people's Bank of China and other departments, virtual currency is not issued by the monetary authority, does not have legal compensation and mandatory monetary attributes, is not a real currency, does not have the same legal status as currency, cannot and should not be used as currency in the market, and citizens' investment and transaction of virtual currency are not protected by law.
only in a few dozen words can we make it clear, to the effect that it is the first time to define the virtual currency of online games; Engaging in online game virtual currency business needs approval; The issuance and transaction of virtual currency in online games are standardized; Make it clear that virtual currency shall not pay for physical goods; When the service is terminated, the virtual currency must be returned to the user; Severely crack down on the use of virtual currency in gambling and other activities
In recent years, with the rapid development of online games, the cultural departments (bureaus) and commercial departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, the cultural bureaus and commercial bureaus of Xinjiang proction and Construction Corps, and the administrative law enforcement corps of cultural markets in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region have been developing rapidly, Online game virtual currency is widely used in online game business services. The virtual currency of online games not only promotes the development of online game instry, but also brings new economic and social problems. Mainly reflected in: first, the lack of protection of user rights and interests; Second, market behavior lacks supervision; Third, the online game virtual currency in the use of disputes
The concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009. According to the idea of Nakamoto, the open source software is designed and released, and the P2P network on it is constructed. Bitcoin is a virtual encrypted digital currency in the form of P2P. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
bitcoin network generates new bitcoin through "mining". In essence, the so-called "mining" is to use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem to ensure the consistency of bitcoin network distributed accounting system. Bitcoin network will automatically adjust the difficulty of mathematical problems, so that the whole network will get a qualified answer about every 10 minutes. Then bitcoin network will generate a certain amount of bitcoin as block reward to reward the person who gets the answer
leeks, there are thousands of leeks on the "currency exchange"< br />
According to the definition of the European Central Bank in 2012, "a kind of digital currency that is not legally binding, issued and controlled by developers, and accepted and used in specific virtual community members."
at the 2013 congressional hearing, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said that "in the past two decades, virtual currency has been regarded as an electronic currency, or a payment system technology field that has been developing."< In 2013, the financial crime enforcement network (FinCEN) of the U.S. Department of the Treasury defined it as: "virtual currency is a medium of exchange that operates like real currency in some environments, but it does not have all the attributes of real currency." It also has no legal tender status. In 2014, the European Banking authority defined it as "a digital form of value that is not issued by central banks or government departments and is not necessarily associated with legal tender, but it is accepted by natural and legal persons as a means of payment and can be transferred, stored and traded electronically
in Chinese mainland refers to the currency that runs on the Internet, and the famous virtual currency, such as Tencent Inc's Q coins and the grand company's roll, also has virtual currency in online games. Virtual currency is usually used for users to purchase virtual services on the network, such as QQ membership function of Tencent's QQ coin, online game equipment, etc. Virtual currency is usually a means of payment. For example, the Ministry of culture of the people's Republic of China defined it in 2009 as a virtual exchange tool that is issued by online game operators, directly or indirectly purchased by game users using legal tender in a certain proportion, existing outside game programs, stored in servers provided by online game operators in the form of electromagnetic records, and expressed in specific digital units
data source: virtual current from Wikipedia
In virtual currency transactions, security problems occur every day. Blockchain technology can ensure that all transactions will not be tampered with, but central transactions using virtual currency are vulnerable to hackers
this is to remind investors that virtual currency investment and trading are not protected by law. Anyone who tries to cross the red line should not take any chances by using virtual currency; Money laundering; Our behavior will be severely punished by law