Private lending generated by virtual currency
one is economic contract disputes, such as sales contract disputes, loan contract disputes, contract disputes, construction project contract disputes, technology contract disputes, etc
Second, economic tort disputes; Such as intellectual property rights (such as patent rights, trademark rights) infringement disputes, ownership infringement disputes, management rights infringement disputes. In the market economy, the contract is a legal and universal form in which the equal market subjects establish the transaction relationship, jointly implement the transaction behavior, and pursue and realize the economic purpose. Therefore, the contract dispute is the main part of the economic dispute
virtual currency refers to non real currency. Well known virtual currencies, such as online currency of Internet company, QQ currency of Tencent company, q-point and voucher of Shanda company, micro currency launched by Sina (used for micro games, Sina reading, etc.), chivalrous Yuanbao (used for chivalrous road game), grain silver (used for bixue Qingtian game), and popular digital currencies in 2013, such as bitcoin, Laite currency, Fuyuan currency, etc. At present, hundreds of digital currencies are issued all over the world. Popular in the circle & quot; The legend of "bitkin, Wright silver".
Virtual currency is the currency used for electronic circulation. Now the scope of virtual currency is very large, including q-coin, bitcoin and so on. With the development of digital currency, virtual currency is becoming more and more abundant, which may become the mainstream in the future. For example, BTC, EOS, bcbot and so on are not only virtual currencies, but also algorithms, landing projects and technologies
virtual currency is mainly issued by online game service providers to purchase game props, such as equipment, clothing, etc. But at present, the use of virtual currency has gone far beyond this category. Virtual currency can be used to buy game cards, physical objects and download services of some movies and software
extended data:
real risk
as the proct of e-commerce, virtual currency has begun to play an increasingly important role, and it is more and more connected with the real world. However, with the growth of virtual currency, the relevant laws and regulations are lagging behind, which has laid many hidden dangers
fraud
the private transaction of online virtual currency has realized the two-way circulation between virtual currency and RMB to a certain extent. The activity of these traders is to buy all kinds of virtual currencies and procts at a low price, and then sell them at a high price to earn profits. With the increase of such transactions, there are even virtual mints. In addition to the virtual currency provided by the main company, there are also some people who specialize in "virtual coin making" to obtain virtual currency by playing games and then resell it to other players
Taking Wenzhou as an example, there are about seven or eight such "virtual mints" with four or five hundred practitioners. This not only creates a bubble for the price of the virtual currency itself, but also causes trouble for the normal sale of the issuing company. It also provides a platform for selling and collecting money and money laundering for various cyber crimes. p>
impact system
in modern financial system, the issuers of money are generally central banks, which are responsible for the management and supervision of money operation. As the equivalent exchange goods used to replace the real currency circulation on the Internet, the virtual currency on the Internet is essentially the same as the real currency. The difference is that the issuers are no longer central banks, but Internet companies
if the development of virtual currency makes it form a unified market, each company can exchange with each other, or virtual currency is integrated and unified, and all of them are based on the same standard and price, then in a sense, virtual currency is currency, which is likely to form a threat impact on the traditional financial system or economic operation
reference: network virtual currency
in the form of game fraud, game account theft, etc
when it comes to virtual currency, many people may be familiar with it. But there are also many people who are not clear about the concept of virtual currency. They will think that sina u, Netease popo and Shanda Yuanbao are all part of virtual currency. What's more, they think that these so-called virtual currencies will affect the status of RMB and proce adverse effects such as virtual inflation
first of all, let's understand the two meanings of virtual currency in economics
the prototype of the first virtual currency is composed of the weights of the currencies of a country's major trading partners, which is a non-existent currency in order to maintain the stability of the country's exchange rate.
(1) virtual currency based on entity
since ancient times, all "money" made of paper is called paper currency, and all countries in the world are actually paper currency. In Marx's time, paper money was only a symbol of metal money. The actual gold content of paper money was equal to the nominal gold content. When the nominal gold content was greater than the actual gold content, the price index of metal money would increase because of too many paper money. When it exceeded a certain limit, inflation would occur. Marx called these over issued bank notes without gold as guarantee virtual currency. In Keynesian era, paper money was the symbol of GDP. He defined the issue of paper money caused by making up the fiscal deficit as deficit money, and believed that the issue of paper deficit money could promote the development of proction to a certain extent, but only cause half inflation. Zhang chunjia's research in "Introction to virtual currency" also proves that paper money without precious metal and GDP guarantee will cause price rise, and this kind of money is called virtual currency
(2) virtual currency based on virtual
virtual currency is a new type of currency emerging at a certain stage of network social and economic development to meet the security and convenience needs of users. It represents the development direction of future currency existence form. It comes from the Internet, and acts as a general equivalent in the network society completely or partially. Virtual currency is a real currency with the basic attributes of currency, but it is virtual and depends on the network virtual environment. Virtual currency is born without borders, which makes it more liquid than traditional currency in the world. Virtual world corresponds to the real world. Through the exchange relationship between virtual currency and traditional currency, under certain conditions, specific virtual currency can buy physical goods, and traditional currency can also buy specific virtual goods< Second, the characteristics of virtual currency
1. Value: users get utility value by consuming the procts and services provided by operators. Virtual currency has value by providing exchange to meet the utility of consumers. The quantity of virtual currency measures the value of general goods. The issue essence of virtual currency is credit issue, which is the creditor's right of the holder to the issuer. To a certain extent, the value of this kind of claim is the right of claim
2. Virtual environment dependence. The existence of virtual currency is based on the virtual economic environment provided by the issuers and the sustainable operation of the issuers themselves. Otherwise, virtual currency has no significance.
3. Short sighted currency. As the highest price in the process of commodity exchange, the form of currency value can be regarded as the real currency. Because of the limitation of circulation scope, virtual currency can not be used as the general equivalent of all commodities; But in a certain range, it has the function of monetary value scale and circulation means. Therefore, it can be considered that virtual currency is similar to the form of money value, and it is a primary form of money, which is similar to money< The issue and circulation of virtual money is limited, but it will enlarge the money supply through the money multiplier effect, and affect the difficulty and accuracy of macroeconomic regulation and control. The issuers of virtual money need to report their circulation and circulation to the central bank, and obey the unified management of the central bank at any time
5. Virtual currency, which is issued by non-financial entities outside the financial system, aims to obtain business opportunities and competitive advantages. It is a market behavior and will inevitably lead to competition among issuers. This kind of competition will proce unfair competition behavior or obtain competitive advantage through rent-seeking, which determines the need to regulate the market behavior of the market subject according to the laws and regulations
6. Virtuality: as a kind of approximate currency, virtual currency is virtual existence if it only exists in the virtual world and can purchase the virtual property in it; If it is linked with sovereign currency, it can exist in the real world and purchase real assets, then it is a virtual thing of sovereign currency. Virtual currency is actually a series of data files existing in the computer system. It has the meaning of virtual currency only after the issuers explain the system. Therefore, the existence form of virtual currency is virtual< In general, virtual currency can purchase the procts and services provided by the issuers, and it can also be exchanged with the issuers outside the scope of issuance at a certain rate to purchase the procts of the alliance. For procts outside the alliance, virtual currency has no value significance; Similarly, when virtual currency is only authorized to buy different procts in different sales cycles, the use of virtual currency has limited application in time and scope, unlike sovereign currency, which can be completely freely exchanged
8. Separability: virtual currency has no physical form and is a digital storage information. Unlike traditional paper currency, it needs to consider the balance relationship between the circulation of main currency and subsidiary currency and the proportion of various currency values. It can be split infinitely. For example, although the total number of dark coins is only 2300, each bitcoin can be split into eight directions of ten< Although virtual currency exists in the virtual world, the process of new technological revolution has closely linked the virtual world with reality, and the virtual world has become an important part of people's spiritual life. It can promote the development of real economy, for example, a large number of entertainment application projects provide people with rich spiritual wealth and real wealth, and more and more people invest in virtual currency, which represents a trend, and the more successful ones are bitcoin, Leyte coin and the new domestic King coin; On the contrary, money laundering, gambling and network theft in the virtual world will have a negative effect on the real economy.
The main background of net currency is the difficulty of domestic micro electronic payment. Online game operators use this channel is not cheap vouchers to charge fees. Originally, only RMB was allowed to be exchanged for net currency, but reverse exchange was not allowed. However, with the development of online game instry, people spontaneously exchange various kinds of online currency, and even use online currency to buy physical procts or services that only RMB can buy, forming a purchasing power similar to currency. The boundary between virtual currency and real currency is graally blurred
in fact, in countries with developed financial environment, virtual currency has appeared for a long time, and its purpose is to make profits. For example, the virtual currency "Wangdou" first introced by beenz. Beenz has reached an agreement with MasterCard that consumers can not only save their online beans into smart cards, but also use them in traditional stores. This business model is to sell virtual net beans to some websites for 1 cent each, and then send them to netizens or let them win through various ways. These virtual currencies can be consumed as cash in online stores. In the end, beenz will buy it back from the website operator for 0.5 cents each for a profit. In 2000, there were about 750 million beenz beans in circulation, equivalent to 60 or 70 million yuan. It was also at that time that China's online currency appeared. China bonus provided virtual currency to consumers in the form of points. Points accumulated to a certain amount, can be used to exchange phone cards, network cards, T-shirts and other prizes
in online games, virtual goods such as virtual gold coins, virtual equipment, virtual animals and plants, and virtual people have great attraction for players, which promotes the consumption of these virtual goods. However, e to the backwardness of domestic electronic payment methods and security concerns, players often use cash in advance to buy the virtual currency issued by operators, Then use these vouchers to buy virtual goods online. As long as the content of the game is attractive enough, players will buy the virtual currency issued by the game operator through various channels. The development of online game instry has led to the surge of virtual currency types and circulation
in order to gather popularity, expand the number of game users, and improve the interest and loyalty of players, all game operators provide a considerable amount of free virtual currency, and players can win virtual currency through the game process. Therefore, online game operators actually have unlimited rights to issue virtual currency. If virtual money is only used to buy virtual goods, because the supply of virtual goods is artificially set, and the manufacturing time can be almost ignored, even if there are transactions between different types of virtual money, it will not have any impact on the real economy. However, if virtual currency can be used to buy real goods and services, excessive issuance will certainly cause inflation. At this time, whether the virtual currency is converted into real currency is not important
many domestic network enterprises have broken through the boundary between the virtual economy and the real economy. For example, Netease popo rewards users with money according to their online time. This virtual currency can pay for SMS. The exchange rate in this application can be calculated with the payment capacity of a short message worth 1000 yuan equal to 0.4 yuan; In addition, it can also be used as a voucher for purchasing physical goods in Netease mall. Holders of Shanda point coin can buy paid download services on the Internet. In addition to the company's paid services, q-coin can also be used to purchase other game point cards, virtual goods, and even some video and software download services
the emergence of money is an abstract unit of quantity for the convenience of exchanging different resources. If there are enough people to recognize the value of a virtual currency, it may become a substitute unit of material exchange. For example, with the popularity of QQ, Q coin has graally become a circulating equivalent exchange unit. Adam Smith, a famous economist, used barter to explain the origin of money in 1776: "the armor of Diomedes is only worth 9 cows, while the armor of glaucus is worth 100 cows. In Abyssinia, salt is a common medium of Commerce and trade; More than 200 years later, many people are exchanging various kinds of game currency for real life needs, and the Internet world has begun to dece the origin of currency again