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For pre dug virtual currency

Publish: 2021-04-21 21:25:02
1.

According to the news on February 10, 2018, on September 4, 2017, seven ministries and commissions of the people's Republic of China issued the notice on preventing the financing risk of token issuance, which regulates the issuance of tokens. In the notice, the nature of all kinds of tokens and "virtual currency" is clearly defined: it is not issued by the monetary authority, and it has no monetary attributes such as legal compensation and mandatory, It does not have the same legal status as currency and cannot and should not be used as currency in the market. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that all kinds of "virtual currency" still have a certain property value and are part of the property of the holder. So, how to identify the nature of the theft of such tokens

In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of "virtual token" holders, the author intends to discuss such issues through a relevant news report and relevant cases

stealing bitcoin

recently, a news report said that Haidian police in Beijing cracked a case of destroying computer information system. The suspect Zhong used his administrator's authority to modify the company's computer applications and steal 100 bitcoins. Before he could sell the stolen money, Zhong was arrested by the police. At present, Zhong was detained for the crime of destroying computer information system

it can be seen from the report that the police detained the perpetrator for stealing bitcoin on suspicion of damaging the computer information system. The crime of destroying the computer information system stipulated in Article 286 of the criminal law of our country refers to the act of deleting, modifying, adding or interfering with the functions of the computer information system in violation of the provisions of the state, resulting in the abnormal operation of the computer information system and serious consequences, or deleting, modifying or interfering with the data and application programs stored, processed or transmitted in the computer information system Modifying or adding operations with serious consequences, or deliberately making or spreading destructive programs such as computer viruses, which affect the normal operation of the computer system with serious consequences

In the author's opinion, this crime is one of the crimes of impairing social management order in Chapter 6 of the criminal law, that is, the legal interest protected by this crime is actually the public order of our society, not the property interests of the digital currency holders, which in fact denies the property value of digital currency, It is only protected as a data or system function in a computer system. The author thinks that there is some irrationality in this way

first of all, in the notice on the prevention of bitcoin risk issued in 2013, it is mentioned that bitcoin is not a real currency because it is not issued by the monetary authority and does not have such monetary attributes as legal compensation and compulsion. Bitcoin has four main characteristics: no centralized issuers, limited amount, no geographical restrictions and anonymity. Because it belongs to a specific virtual commodity in nature The notice also clearly mentioned that bitcoin does not have the same legal status as currency and should not be used as currency in the market. However, as a virtual commodity, the property value behind bitcoin cannot be ignored

Secondly, Article 127 of the general provisions of the civil law, which came into effect on October 1 last year, stipulates that if the law has provisions on the protection of data and network virtual property, such provisions shall prevail. Although only the protection of the network virtual property has made the principle provisions, but it can not be denied that this shows our country's attitude towards the protection of the network virtual property. Although there is no special law for the protection of data and network virtual property in China, from the perspective of the general provisions of civil law, it is predicted that there will be relevant legislation in the future

finally, from the relevant cases, we can also see the recognition of the property attribute of virtual currency such as bitcoin in China's judicial practice. In April and may 2013, Liu premeditated to set up a bitcoin trading platform, so he recruited Jin and Huang (both sentenced) to jointly set up a "bitcoin" trading platform. During this period, Liu, Huang, Jin, Jin and the defendant he, in addition to other acts of directly stealing customers' funds, also frequently cashed RMB by selling customers' bitcoins, and transferred 120 bitcoins from the website. Finally, the court convicted and punished the defendant for fraud, and the bitcoin transferred by the defendant was also included in the property loss of the victim. Therefore, from the judicial cases, we can also get the recognition of the property attributes of virtual currency such as bitcoin

based on the above reasons, the author thinks that it may be unreasonable to regulate the theft of virtual currency only as the crime of damaging computer information system. We should face up to the hidden property value and consider the application of the crime of infringing property in China's criminal law. Only in this way can we effectively protect the legitimate rights and property of digital currency holders in China


2.

Virtual currency as a new era of currency, the future development prospects are still very good, Zhihu of course can develop their own virtual currency

based on the above, I would like to advise you:

1. If you don't believe in virtual currency, you must not participate in it. For you, it is pyramid selling

2. Don't trust any trading platform, no matter whether the founder of the trading platform is on CCTV (there are many cheaters on CCTV), or take a picture with the national leaders, and save the money when you buy it. Back up your wallet. Don't be afraid of trouble

3. Don't inlge in short-term business. Your heart can't stand it. Staring at the price up and down every day, you will go crazy one day, just like speculating in stocks. There are few short-term businesses to make money, and they are not as good as stocks. Stocks are protected by national laws, so it's hard to say money

4. If you really want to earn money from virtual currency, choose some cheap virtual currency that you think is more reliable (the value of each virtual currency is less than 10 cents). If it's too expensive, don't buy it. Each virtual currency with a value of less than 100 yuan is a long-term investment, which is called angel investment. What does Ma Yun say: in case it develops

5. It's also good to choose a few free virtual coins for mining. It's also good to dig a few cents every day and accumulate every day

3. At present, bitcoin is the only reliable virtual currency. Bitcoin is a kind of virtual currency generated by the corresponding algorithm, which needs to use a large number of mining machines, that is, servers for mining. At present, only the virtual currency issued by the central bank is legal in our country, and the others are illegal
I hope I can help you. Thank you for your adoption.
4. The following is an example of bitcoin Mining:
mining is a process of consuming computing resources to process transactions, ensuring network security and keeping everyone's information synchronized in the network. It can be understood as the data center of bitcoin. The difference lies in its completely decentralized design. Miners operate all over the world, and no one can control the network. This process is called "mining" because it is similar to gold panning, because it is also a temporary mechanism for issuing new bitcoin. However, unlike gold panning, bitcoin mining provides rewards for services that ensure the safe operation of payment networks. After the last bitcoin, mining is still necessary
however, most of the new digital cryptocurrencies after 2016 do not need mining, and most of them use POS mechanism, and some of them are one-time mining, such as Ruitai.
5. At present, all countries are in the research stage of virtual currency. blockchain is studied by large companies. Large companies have venture capital and will not go to ordinary people to invest. Therefore, the virtual currency and blockchain that ordinary people can invest in are fake.
6.

PSTN (public switched telephone network)

is a global voice communication circuit switched network, including commercial and government-owned

includes commercial and government-owned. It also refers to simple old fashioned telephone service (POTS). It is a collection of all circuit switched telephone networks since Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. Today, in addition to the final connection between the user and the local switchboard, the PSTN has been fully digitized technically

extended data:

the main components of PSTN network are as follows:

1. Transmission system: cable (cable, optical fiber) is the main, cable and wireless (satellite, ground and radio) are used alternately, and the transmission system transits from PDH to SDH and DWDM

2. Switching system: the switching equipment in the telephone office, the exchange, has been programmed and digitized graally, and the connection process is controlled by computer

User system: including telephone, fax and other terminals, and a pair of wires used to connect them with the switch (called user loop). The user terminal has been graally digitized, multimedia and intelligent, and the user loop has been digitized and broadband

Signaling system: in order to realize the communication between users, various control signals are provided between exchange offices, which are mainly call establishment and release

access through PSTN:

dial up Internet / Intranet / LAN- Network interconnection between two or more LANs

Although PSTN has some problems in data transmission, it is still an irreplaceable networking medium (Technology). In particular, the application of xDSL technology and procts invented by Bellcore, which is based on PSTN, expands the development and application space of PSTN, making the networking speed between 9mbps and 52mbps

7. There are many motherboards in this series. It is recommended to determine the suffix of motherboard. C.h81m
Pro is all solid-state version, but the suffix is vxx or something. Then log in to Qicaihong website to see the relevant BIOS version. Some models provide overclocking BIOS.
8. At present, investment in digital currency needs at least the following points:
1: do a good long-term investment plan, the best way to dig is to dig by yourself, the best way to dig is to buy or move bricks to make money
2: if the coin is empty, choose the one with less total amount (less amount and more appreciation space), and even large enterprises will not cut the coin with less amount (because the more the coin is cut, the less it is cut)
3: if you can dig and pre dig a little, even a big company can't do something that can dig. If you can dig, you'll get nothing Pre digging is used to cut leeks, so the currency with very little pre digging should be selected.)
Four: choose decentralized wallets instead of smart contracts. More than half a year of operation (so as to ensure the stability of the wallet)
Five: check the code, operation mode and service quality of the trading platform, and choose the one with good reputation, so as to prevent the platform from being stolen and running away. At present, there are few such platforms in China, and it takes time to understand them
six: don't look at the application scenarios and publicity, because only empty coins need landing scenarios to attract players to buy currency appreciation (depending on the amount).
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