Virtual monetary economics
LZ is actually a problem that all countries in the world will face in the future. It is obvious that China, the world's largest virtual network market, lags behind developed countries by a large margin. Ha ha, ha ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, The total social demand is greater than the total social supply, and the supply is greater than the demand
2. The regional statistical bureaus under the National Bureau of statistics must count the money circulation of the region every week to report to the Ministry of Finance for filing, and the central bank will set the money supply for the next year. If we find that there is too much money in circulation in the society, we should adopt tightening policy and raise interest rate to recover some money. If there is less, the opposite is true. We will find that no matter where the Bureau of statistics can only count the currency in circulation. For those virtual currencies, they are those Q currencies. China and even many countries still can't make accurate statistics, once the whole China in extreme cases, throw out Q currency for other people's real currency. For example, a sells 10 Q coins to B, and B has to go to the bank to withdraw 10 yuan. If all Q coins are sold off and someone buys them, the market currency will increase, the currency will depreciate and cause inflation
PS: I want to remind LZ that this may be too small. virtual currency is different from e-money. E-money is our common people's lucky money, which is deposited in the bank and converted into bank network currency. The state can get statistics, and the banks have records. Virtual currency is different, many times it is free, so there are many disadvantages when it is immature. Lack of liquidity, not everywhere can use Q currency, it can only be used for Tencent games, electronic currency can be used for any network transactions. If you really take all the Q coins to exchange, the worst may be the collapse of Tencent, which will not cause inflation
sorry, I think that virtual currency does not necessarily cause inflation. For example: A sells Q coins to B, B must withdraw money to buy. There are three possibilities for a to get money: 1. Deposit 2. Holding 3. Consumption. If a chooses to deposit or consume, in fact, the money flows into the bank, which means that B withdraws from the bank and a deposits the money. But if a holds it at home and everyone sells it, it will cause inflation One of Keynes's theorems is liquidity preference. Keynes thinks that money demand refers to the amount of money that the public can and is willing to hold in a specific period. According to him, people need to hold money because of the general psychological tendency of liquidity preference. The so-called liquidity preference refers to people's psychological preference for liquidity and their desire to hold money rather than other illiquid assets. This desire constitutes the demand for money. Therefore, Keynes' money demand theory is also known as the liquidity preference theory, because there are more and more money in the society, the currency devalues.
when it comes to virtual currency, many people may be familiar with it. But there are also many people who are not clear about the concept of virtual currency. They will think that sina u, Netease popo and Shanda Yuanbao are all part of virtual currency. What's more, they think that these so-called virtual currencies will affect the status of RMB and proce adverse effects such as virtual inflation
first of all, let's understand the two meanings of virtual currency in economics
the prototype of the first virtual currency is composed of the weights of the currencies of a country's major trading partners, which is a non-existent currency in order to maintain the stability of the country's exchange rate.
in order to provide better services, many portal websites and online game operators have been providing virtual currency for use for a long time. According to incomplete statistics, there are no less than 10 kinds of network virtual currency (referred to as network currency) currently in circulation, such as Q currency, network currency, cool currency, Warcraft currency, Paradise currency, Shanda (game area) coupon, etc. Take Q coin as an example, there are more than 200 million users. Instry insiders estimate that the domestic Internet has a virtual money market scale of several billion yuan per year, and is growing at a rate of 15% - 20%
in a market economy, demand stimulates innovation, which in turn stimulates demand. The increasing popularity of virtual currency is completed in the needs of users and the innovation of enterprises. At present, there are many kinds of virtual currency in China's network market, among which Tencent, relying on its huge QQ users, has timely launched QQ currency with the maturity of instant messaging market
it is undeniable that virtual currency makes us feel the convenience of purchasing network services, which is the inevitable proct of the development of network economy. But at present, the network virtual currency has quietly changed into a huge trading market
Lyndon larush, a famous American economist, once predicted that from 2050, the virtual currency of the Internet will be officially recognized to some extent and become a mobile currency. With such a large market and bright prospects, many companies are eager to try and intend to occupy this market. Now it seems that the network, PayPal (PayPal) and Tencent are in the leading position
at the present stage, most e-money is based on the existing real money (cash or deposit), which has the function of "value measurement" and "value preservation", and the precondition that e-money and real money can exchange at a ratio of 1
: 1 is established
as a means of payment, most e-money can not be separated from cash or deposit. It is transmitted and transferred by electronic means to pay off creditor's rights and debts and realize settlement. Therefore, the function and influence of e-money at present is essentially the relationship between e-money, cash and deposit
at present, there are four types of popular electronic currency in China
1. Stored value card electronic currency. Generally, it appears in the form of magnetic card or IC card. Besides commercial banks, it is also issued by telecommunication departments (ordinary telephone card, IC telephone card), IC enterprises (network card), commercial retail enterprises (various consumption cards), government organs (internal consumption IC card) and schools (Campus IC card). After the issuer receives the customer's funds in advance, it issues the equivalent stored value card, which makes the stored value card a new "deposit account" independent of the bank deposit. At the same time, the stored value card in the customer consumption to dect the way to pay fees, which is equivalent to the deposit account payment currency. At present, the deposits in the stored value cards are not included in the central bank's reserve requirements. Therefore, the stored value cards can rece the demand for cash and current savings
2. Credit card applied electronic currency. It refers to the credit card or quasi credit card issued by commercial banks, credit card companies and other issuers. The loan can be consumed within the credit limit specified by the issuer, and then the repayment can be made at the specified time. The widespread use of credit cards can expand consumer credit and affect money supply
3. They are mainly debit cards, electronic checks, etc., which are used to withdraw cash, transfer settlement and transfer funds from bank deposits in an electronic way. The widespread use of this kind of electronic payment method can rece the cost of consumers to and from the bank, rece the balance of cash demand, and speed up the circulation of money
4. Cash analog electronic currency. There are mainly two kinds: one is e-cash which is based on the Internet environment and keeps the binary data representing the value of money in the hard disk of the computer terminal; One is the electronic wallet that keeps the monetary value in the IC card and can be circulated without the bank payment system. This kind of e-money has the characteristics of anonymity of cash, can be used for payment between indivials, and can change hands many times. It is developed for the purpose of replacing entity cash. The expanding use of this kind of electronic currency can affect the currency issuing mechanism, rece the seigniorage income of the central bank, and rece the scale of assets and liabilities of the central bank
1. The essence of interpretation is different:
virtual currency: virtual currency refers to non real currency
currency: currency (CCY) is the medium of purchasing goods and preserving wealth. It is the contract between the owner of property and the market about the right of exchange. In essence, it is the agreement between the owners
2. Different types:
virtual currency: game currency, special currency, etc.
currency: coin, paper currency, deposit currency, etc.
extended data:
formation of virtual currency market:
Internet leads to the emergence of a new market, which is a virtual market based on cyberspace. The Internet provides a lot of communication places for consumers, and also provides business market for enterprises. Enterprises must change from proct centered to service centered to customer centered
with the development of computer artificial intelligence technology and database technology, enterprises can conveniently collect customers' information, understand customers' needs in time, change business strategies and grasp economic arteries in real time
The form and expression of "virtual" is not the first important, the first important is the internal value. In other words, what is the relationship and difference between the value of virtual currency and that of general currency. In view of the depth of the background of the problem, we need to stand higher in the starting point of the research. The problem of currency is the problem of modernity, and the problem of virtual currency is the problem of post modernity. They do not share the same basic paradigm. It is the difference of paradigm, not virtual phenomenon, that leads to the difference between them
the formation mechanism of value is different
the value basis of general currency and virtual currency is different, the former represents utility, the latter represents value. From the point of view of behavioral economics, money, as a general equivalent, is called value in language, but it actually refers to utility. Virtual currency does not represent the "effect" of general "price", but the value itself. Virtual currency is not a general equivalent, but a manifestation of value relativity, or a symbol; It can also be said that virtual currency is personalized currency. In another way, it can also be called information currency. Their commonness lies in that they are symbols of uncertain value and relative value. When we say that, the traditional meaning of currency has been broken through. Money in its original meaning can only be a special case of the new currency in a broader sense. Money can be used as the symbol of general equivalent or relative value set
the monetary decision mechanism is different
the general currency is decided by the central bank, and the virtual currency is decided by indivials. The sovereignty of general currency is in the center of the Republic; The sovereignty of virtual currency lies in distributed indivial nodes. From the perspective of information economics, general currency is a special case of virtual currency. The special points of this special case are: first, the reference point does not change. Therefore, value is specialized from a set to a recible value. When the reference point remains unchanged, value is equivalent to utility; Second, the gain and loss of utility relative to the reference point remain unchanged. This means that the value of reference point is a stable rational value and equilibrium value. In a rational economy, the reference point may remain unchanged, but it is still a scattered set. The difference is that every point (the actual transaction price) of this decentralization is unstable, and only the equilibrium value is stable; But in the value concentration of virtual currency, every point may be stable, on the contrary, the rational equilibrium value may be unstable. Reflecting on the monetary decision mechanism, the central bank is the personified representative of a fixed reference point of rational value, while the virtual money market (such as stock market and game money market) is determined by forces other than the central bank. In this sense, some people in economics call the stock market as the virtual money market, and the economy formed by the stock market and derivative financial market as the virtual economy. The essence of virtual economy is information economy with indivial as the center
the value exchange mechanism is different
the value conversion of general currency is completed in the money market; The value conversion of virtual money is completed in the virtual money market. The value exchange between general currency and virtual currency is completed through the overall exchange of the two markets. Under special conditions, there is an immature exchange relationship between indivial markets. Therefore, it can be said that general currency and virtual currency are in different markets. Fisher Equation (QP = MV) describes the value conversion relationship between commodity market and money market; The extended Fisher Equation (MV = BH) describes the value conversion relationship between money market and virtual money market. Some people worry that the game virtual currency may cause inflation. This is because he does not understand the market exchange mechanism of virtual currency and confused the money market with the virtual currency market. Just as the imbalance of supply and demand in the commodity market can not directly lead to the imbalance of supply and demand in the money market, it must lead to inflation by issuing more money in the overall market; The imbalance of supply and demand in the virtual money market can not directly lead to inflation in the money market. The key to the problem is whether a unified virtual money market has been formed. The stock market is a unified market, but the game market is not. For example, the ratio of a game virtual currency to RMB may initially be 800000 to 1, and then it may change to 8 million to 1. Maybe we can buy a castle's virtual currency today, and maybe we can only buy a Tomahawk tomorrow. This phenomenon is indeed possible; If virtual currency forms a unified market, it may indeed exert pressure on the money market. The problem is that there is no such unified market. The issuers of game currency are independent of each other and do not have the status of financial subject, let alone the exchange with money at the level of financial market. What's more, whether it's base money or value-added money, the amount of money (m) and the level of money price (V, i.e. velocity of circulation) have not changed, so we can't think that there will be monetary inflation or deflation. For the current game currency depreciation phenomenon, it is better to explain that the service conditions of a game as a value-added service have changed. Due to the general improvement of the level of players or the increase of the number of players, the demand for virtual currency increases, and the price of services and virtual currency decreases. As a result of this change in the supply and demand conditions of services, service prices have declined. This is a phenomenon that can be explained by a real commodity market
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the emergence of virtual currency is not only an inevitable factor, but also an inevitable result of economic development. Even if it is banned by law, it is impossible
the development of virtual economy is also a new economy
the entry point of new economy is virtual space and virtual society. TV is a virtual living space, is the representation of real space. In the Internet age, this space will not only become an important space for human survival, but also a great wealth of human society
the word "fictitious" has the following meanings: supposition, assumption, fabrication, hypocrisy and so on, and it is the opposite of reality. The economic meaning of virtual capital and virtual economy is extended from here, and starts from virtual capital. Fictitious economy is the economy of capital independence movement.
1: decentralized (one technology: closed loop structure, source code permanently locked background; 2; After going to the center, there is no income subject, just like gold, which belongs to every participant)
2: no central processing unit (block connection)
3: third party open source (following the international practice of open source: third party open source, third party public trust, third party trusteeship)
4: quantitative issuance (resisting inflation)
5: third party matchmaking (no capital chain, no capital chain), Show the freedom and equality of money)
6: bonus system without distributing the principal of the recipient (recommending others to join, no recommendation award, no confrontation award, no sharing of the principal of the latecomer)
7: free registration, free access, no threshold at the bottom, no ceiling at the top (the same as bank deposits)
8: the price will fluctuate up and down e to the influence of the market There is no currency that goes up but doesn't go down.)