On the system of virtual currency in China
On June 28, 2009, the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the "notice on strengthening the management of virtual currency in online games", which made it clear that virtual currency is expressed in the form of prepaid recharge card, prepaid amount or points of online games, but does not include game props obtained in game activities; Virtual currency shall not be used to pay for, purchase physical procts or exchange for any procts and services of other enterprises< The following is the full text of the Circular of the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of Commerce:
the Circular of the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of Commerce on strengthening the management of virtual currency in online games
the cultural departments (bureaus) and commercial departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, the Cultural Bureau and commercial bureau of Xinjiang proction and Construction Corps, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Cultural market administrative law enforcement corps:
with the rapid development of online games, online game virtual currency is widely used in online game business services. The virtual currency of online games not only promotes the development of online game instry, but also brings new economic and social problems. Mainly reflected in: first, the lack of protection of user rights and interests; Second, market behavior lacks supervision; Third, the online game virtual currency in the use of disputes
in order to standardize the operation order of online game market, according to the spirit of Interim Provisions on Internet culture management, notice on Further Strengthening the management of Internet cafes and online games (Wen Shi Fa [2007] No. 10) and notice on standardizing the operation order of online games and banning the use of online game gambling (Gong Tong Zi [2007] No. 3), etc, With the consent of the people's Bank of China and other departments, the notice on strengthening the management of virtual currency of online games is as follows
virtual currency lacks supervision and is too free; Therefore, China's current virtual currency is still in a serious regulatory scope; Of course, the research on virtual currency blockchain technology is worth trying.
Graation thesis and thesis design are different, they are one of two, that is to say, writing a graation thesis does not need graation design, writing a graation design does not need to write a thesis. Graation thesis is based on different majors, different fields and different topics
key words: computer network security countermeasures
Abstract: This paper deeply discusses the problems existing in computer network security, and puts forward corresponding improvement and preventive measures
with the rapid development of computer information construction, computers have been widely used in every field of daily work and life, such as government agencies, schools, hospitals, communities and families. But then, computer network security is also threatened by unprecedented threats. Computer viruses are everywhere and hackers are rampant. This paper will focus on the computer information network security problems and put forward the corresponding security measures< In terms of technology, computer network security technology mainly includes real-time scanning technology, real-time monitoring technology, firewall, integrity inspection and protection technology, virus analysis and reporting technology and system security management technology. To sum up, the following countermeasures can be taken at the technical level:
1) establish safety management system. Improve the technical quality and professional ethics of personnel including system administrators and users. For important departments and information, it is a simple and effective method to do a good job of checking the virus and backing up the data in time
2) network access control. Access control is the main strategy of network security prevention and protection. Its main task is to ensure that network resources are not illegally used and accessed. It is one of the most important core strategies to ensure network security. Access control involves a wide range of technologies, including access control, network access control, directory level control and attribute control
3) database backup and recovery. Database backup and recovery is an important operation for database administrators to maintain data security and integrity. Backup is the easiest way to recover database and prevent accidents. Recovery is the operation of using backup to recover data after an accident. There are three main backup strategies: only backup database, backup database and transaction log, incremental backup
4) application of cryptography. The application of cryptography is the core technology of information security, which provides a reliable guarantee for information security. Digital signature and identity authentication based on password is one of the most important methods to ensure the integrity of information. Cryptography mainly includes classical cryptosystem, single key cryptosystem, public key cryptosystem, digital signature and key management
5) cut off the route of transmission. The infected hard disk and computer should be thoroughly treated with anti-virus, and U disk and program with unknown origin should not be used, and suspicious network information should not be downloaded at will
6) improve the ability of network anti-virus technology. Through the installation of virus firewall, real-time filtering. Scan and monitor the files in the network server frequently, use the anti-virus card on the workstation, and strengthen the setting of network directory and file access authority. In a network, restrict files that can only be executed by the server
7) develop and improve high security operating system. Research and development of a high security operating system, not to virus breeding hotbed in order to be more secure< The security management of computer network depends not only on the security technology and preventive measures adopted, but also on the management measures adopted and the strength of implementing the laws and regulations on computer security protection. Only by combining the two closely, can the computer network security be really effective. The security management of computer network includes the security ecation of computer users, the establishment of corresponding security management institutions, the continuous improvement and strengthening of computer management functions, and the strengthening of legislation and law enforcement of computer and network. It is very important to strengthen the computer security management, strengthen the laws, regulations and moral concepts of users, and improve the security awareness of computer users to prevent computer crimes, resist hacker attacks and prevent computer virus interference
this requires continuous legal ecation for computer users, including computer security law, computer crime law, confidentiality law, data protection law, etc., to clarify the rights and obligations of computer users and system managers, and consciously abide by the principles of legal information system, legal users, information disclosure, information utilization and resource limitation, Consciously fight against all illegal and criminal activities, maintain the security of computer and network system, and maintain the security of information system. In addition, we should also ecate computer users and all staff to consciously abide by all rules and regulations established to maintain system security, including personnel management system, operation maintenance and management system, computer processing control and management system, various data management system, computer room security management system, special aircraft and strict division of labor management system
3. Physical security countermeasures
to ensure the security and reliability of the computer network system, we must ensure that the system entity has a secure physical environment. This safe environment refers to the computer room and its facilities, mainly including the following contents:
1) the environmental conditions of the computer system. The safety environment conditions of computer system, including temperature, humidity, air cleanliness, corrosion, pest, vibration and impact, electrical interference, etc., should have specific requirements and strict standards
2) the choice of the site environment of the computer room. It is very important to choose a suitable installation site for computer system. It directly affects the security and reliability of the system. When choosing the computer room site, we should pay attention to its external environment safety, geological reliability, site anti electromagnetic interference, avoid strong vibration sources and strong noise sources, and avoid being located in the lower layer or next door of high-rise buildings and water equipment. We should also pay attention to the management of entrances and exits
3) safety protection of computer room. The security protection of computer room is a kind of security measures and Countermeasures to prevent unauthorized indivials or groups from destroying, tampering or stealing network facilities and important data. In order to achieve regional security, first of all, physical access control should be considered to identify the identity of users and verify their legitimacy; Secondly, the scope of visitors' activities must be limited; Third, it is necessary to set up a multi-layer security circle around the central equipment of the computer system to prevent illegal and violent invasion; Fourth, the building where the equipment is located should have facilities to resist various natural disasters
computer network security is a complex system engineering, involving many factors such as technology, equipment, management and system, so the formulation of security solutions needs to be grasped as a whole. Network security solution is to integrate all kinds of computer network information system security technology, the security operating system technology, firewall technology, virus protection technology, intrusion detection technology, security scanning technology, to form a complete, coordinated network security protection system. We must pay equal attention to management and technology, security technology must be combined with security measures, strengthen computer legislation and law enforcement, establish backup and recovery mechanism, and formulate corresponding security standards. In addition, because computer viruses, computer crimes and other technologies do not know national boundaries, it is necessary to carry out full international cooperation to jointly deal with the increasingly rampant computer crimes and computer viruses<
References:
[1] Zhang Qianli. New network security technology [M]. Beijing: People's Posts and Telecommunications Press, 2003.
[2] long Dongyang. Network security technology and application [M]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology Press, 2006.
[3] Chang Jianping, Jin Huiyun, Lou Mei, network security and computer crime [M]. Beijing: China People's Public Security University Press, 2002
did the teacher tell you which direction to write the paper in? Before writing a paper, you must write an outline so that the teacher can determine the framework and avoid major changes in the process of revising the paper in the future
pay attention to the format requirements and writing standards of the school, otherwise it is likely to be sent back for revision. If you still have something you don't understand or don't understand, please ask me. I hope you can graate smoothly and move towards a new life<
(1) topic selection
the topic of graation thesis (Design) should meet the training objectives and teaching requirements of the major, and be comprehensive and innovative. Undergraates should choose the appropriate thesis topic according to their own actual situation and professional expertise, but the thesis should be related to the courses of their major
(2) consult the materials and list the outline of the paper
after the topic is selected, it is necessary to carry out research and experiment under the guidance of the instructor, collect and consult the relevant materials, process and refine them, and then list the detailed outline of writing
(3) complete the first draft
according to the outline listed, complete the first draft carefully according to the opinions of the instructor< (4) the first draft should be reviewed by the instructor, revised according to his opinions and requirements, and then finalized
in general, the choice of graation thesis topics should not be too extensive, the more specific the better, and teachers hope that students can analyze and solve the problems combined with their own knowledge<
I don't know if you have determined the topic of the paper.
after you have determined the topic of the paper, you need to refer to the relevant papers of your predecessors according to the topic of the paper,
to see how others plan the overall framework of the paper
secondly, we need to collect data by ourselves,
and then sort out and analyze the data to get our own paper framework
finally, the paper is organized according to the framework
if you need any reference materials and model articles, I can provide them to you< If you don't know anything, you can ask me directly. I hope it can help you. I wish you a smooth writing process.
how to select topics for your graation thesis:
first, determine the topic selection direction of your graation thesis as soon as possible. After the assignment of your graation thesis, everyone should follow the basic principles of topic selection and determine the topic selection direction in a short time. From the nature of graation thesis, it can be divided into two categories: one is the theoretical and practical problems raised in the practice of socialist modernization construction; The other is the basic category and theoretical problems existing in the development of professional disciplines. According to their own interests and hobbies, college students should determine one direction from the above two categories as soon as possible< Second, on the basis of preliminary investigation and research, the specific topic of graation thesis is selected. After the direction of topic selection is determined, the scope of topic selection is further determined through certain investigation and research, and finally the specific topic is selected. Here are two common methods of topic selection. Browse and capture method: this method is through the possession of literature quickly, a large number of reading, in comparison to determine the title of the paper method. Browsing is usually carried out for a period of time when a certain amount of data is occupied, so as to facilitate the centralized comparison and identification of data. The purpose of browsing is to put forward questions and find their own research topics in the process of chewing and digesting the existing data. This requires a comprehensive reading and research of the collected materials. The main, secondary, different perspectives and different viewpoints should be understood. You can't read some materials and have a little opinion. So far, you are eager to write. You can't be "preconceived" and make a decision based on the original ideas in your mind or the opinions you get after reading the first article. We should analyze all the data calmly and objectively. After absorbing nourishment from the vast amount of information and Pondering over it for many times, we are bound to find something. This is a situation that people engaged in scientific research often encounter. Generally, the method of browsing and capturing can be carried out in the following steps: the first step is to browse the data extensively. In browsing, you should make notes frequently, write down the outline of the materials at any time, write down the most profound viewpoints, arguments, demonstration methods, etc. in the materials, and write down the experience in your mind. Of course, handwritten transcripts do not mean that there are words to be recorded and articles to be recorded. Instead, careful selection should be made to extract them purposefully and emphatically. When they are detailed, they should be detailed, and when they are brief, they should be brief. Some of the same or similar views and materials do not need to be extracted repeatedly. They only need to record the source of information and page numbers, so as to avoid wasting time and energy. The second step is to classify, arrange and combine all aspects of the contents obtained from reading, so as to find and discover problems. The materials can be classified according to the outline, such as: systematically introcing the general situation of the research and development of relevant problems; Information on the research of a certain problem; Data of several different opinions on the same problem; The latest information and achievements on a certain issue. The third step is to compare my own experience in the research with the data, and find out which experience is not or partially not in the data; What kind of experience, though there are some materials, I have different opinions about it; Which experiences and materials are basically consistent; What is the experience of deepening and playing on the basis of information and so on. After several times of careful thinking process, it is easy to sprout their own ideas. Catch this idea in time, and then make further thinking, the goal of the topic will graally clear up< br />
as long as there is no hepatitis B, tuberculosis, etc., it means that the physical examinee has passed the physical examination,
sometimes the entry physical examination in Harbin is required by the local physical examination,
but sometimes the entry physical examination in general companies does not specify the location of the physical examination,
you can find me to report directly
it is best to have a physical examination on an empty stomach from Monday to Friday morning.