The relationship between virtual money and agricultural developm

1.

virtual currency is the currency used for electronic circulation. Now the scope of virtual currency is very large, including q-coin, bitcoin and so on. With the development of digital currency, virtual currency is becoming more and more abundant, which may become the mainstream in the future. For example, BTC, EOS, bcbot and so on are not only virtual currencies, but also algorithms, landing projects and technologies

virtual currency is mainly issued by online game service providers to purchase game props, such as equipment, clothing, etc. But at present, the use of virtual currency has gone far beyond this category. Virtual currency can be used to buy game cards, physical objects and download services of some movies and software

extended data:

real risk

as the proct of e-commerce, virtual currency has begun to play an increasingly important role, and it is more and more connected with the real world. However, with the growth of virtual currency, the relevant laws and regulations are lagging behind, which has laid many hidden dangers

fraud

the private transaction of online virtual currency has realized the two-way circulation between virtual currency and RMB to a certain extent. The activity of these traders is to buy all kinds of virtual currencies and procts at a low price, and then sell them at a high price to earn profits. With the increase of such transactions, there are even virtual mints. In addition to the virtual currency provided by the main company, there are also some people who specialize in "virtual coin making" to obtain virtual currency by playing games and then resell it to other players

Taking Wenzhou as an example, there are about seven or eight such "virtual mints" with four or five hundred practitioners. This not only creates a bubble for the price of the virtual currency itself, but also causes trouble for the normal sale of the issuing company. It also provides a platform for selling and collecting money and money laundering for various cyber crimes. p>

impact system

in modern financial system, the issuers of money are generally central banks, which are responsible for the management and supervision of money operation. As the equivalent exchange goods used to replace the real currency circulation on the Internet, the virtual currency on the Internet is essentially the same as the real currency. The difference is that the issuers are no longer central banks, but Internet companies

if the development of virtual currency makes it form a unified market, each company can exchange with each other, or virtual currency is integrated and unified, and all of them are based on the same standard and price, then in a sense, virtual currency is currency, which is likely to form a threat impact on the traditional financial system or economic operation

reference: network virtual currency

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6.

Any country attracting investment for geological exploration and mining projects depends on many factors, the most important of which is the legal status and tax system of the country. In order to predict the future of investment, we must first assess the mineral raw material base of the invested country, as well as the political stability and trade development of the country. For geological exploration, the most important factors that affect the introction of foreign investment are the potential of land resources, the guarantee of land ownership and the possibility of returning profits. In the mining stage, we should also consider: the profit index of proction, whether the proction conditions are stable, whether there is a tax relief policy, whether the policy is continuous and so on. If we rank the investment criteria of mining engineering projects, the fifth of the 12 influencing factors is the clear tax policy

in the past 10 years, more than 90 countries have passed new underground resources laws or revised the original laws. The main performance of the law revision is to change the role of the state in the utilization system of underground resources, limit the role of the state as a procer, strengthen its role as a regulator of mining instry, rece the pressure of state funding by changing the tax policy, and increase the possibility of attracting investment. Examples from some Latin American countries show that countries with rich mineral resources can improve their attractiveness to foreign investment by relaxing mining laws and reforming the funding system. The main tax indicators that affect the investment attraction of Russian mining instry include profit tax and underground resource utilization fee. The general trend should be to rece the underground resource utilization fee, or even completely abolish it. In North America, Spain, Switzerland and some Latin American countries, the zero tax system for the use of underground resources has been implemented. Some central and South American countries have adopted tax policy reform: recing the tax rate of administrative undertakings, providing various relief and preferential conditions for geological exploration and mining instry, thus attracting a large amount of investment for mining instry. For example, most South American countries such as Argentina, Bolivia, Peru and Venezuela only account for 30% of the tax revenue from mining enterprises, while other countries, such as Chile, Ecuador, Brazil and Colombia, account for only 15%, 25%, 35% and 37.5% respectively

let's look at the implementation of the tax law in the field of underground resource utilization in the United States. There are three main taxes for mining enterprises in the United States: (enterprise) asset tax, mineral exploitation tax and profit tax. In addition, tax rection and preferential policies are implemented for the depletion of underground resources, long-term direct investment, equipment depreciation, equipment installation and enterprise adjustment. Among them, tax rection for the depletion of underground resources can reach 5% - 22%. This kind of relief policy is very meaningful, it can rece the proportion of profit tax, and leave 20% of the monetary capital at the disposal of enterprises. Due to the delay of payment and the transfer of losses and taxes to other stages, enterprises can adjust the way of tax payment to maximize profits. As a result of the above policy, the United States does not include the resource compensation fee drawn from the profits of mining enterprises in the scope of profit tax, but uses it for geological exploration. For metal mines, according to the different types of minerals, it is also stipulated that the cost for the reproction of mineral raw material base must account for 14% - 22% of the profit. However, some mining companies in the United States and Canada have actually significantly exceeded this ratio, with some companies reaching 70% - 75%, or even 91%. In a word, the United States levies taxes on the basis of total income. When calculating profits, expenses such as underground resource utilization fee, equipment depreciation fee, and underground resource depletion dection and exemption should be dected. Therefore, the tax base is actually reced

some experts have calculated that if two enterprises with similar financial situation are under the current tax system of Russia and the United States, their net income values are different. According to the tax system of the United States, the income is 32.9% higher than that of Russia after considering resource depletion relief and other preferential policies (table 6.5)

As a leading country in the world in the output and export volume of metal mines, Canada's experience in improving mining law and tax law is worthy of attention. In the document of "Canadian government's mineral raw materials and metals policy", a special chapter is set forth to elaborate the measures that must be taken to improve the investment attraction and create a good investment atmosphere. Among these measures, it is emphasized that the Canadian government should:

· ensure that the financial system of mining enterprises can bear the risks of geological exploration, mineral reserves imbalance and other special risks of the instry

· when a Canadian company develops and concts mining activities in the territory of other countries, the government should try its best to ensure that the company enjoys the financial preference granted by the foreign government

Table 6.5 profit (income) distribution of mining enterprises under the current taxation system of Russia and the United States

· considering that Canada is a country rich in mineral resources, in order to obtain the maximum benefits within the federal jurisdiction, the mining license registration fee and mining tax should be set at a fair level, and the company's demand for profits after capital investment should be considered. When calculating the profits of enterprises, we should consider the possible risks and the loss of profits e to unforeseen reasons

It must be emphasized that all mineral resources in Canada are the property of the whole society

It can be seen from the contents of this document that the Canadian government has implemented an active protection policy and adopted a special tax system and policy for the mining instry, which not only considers the geological exploration and construction problems in the process of mineral raw material development and mining, but also defines a series of economic guidelines. In other words, Canada and other countries implement flexible tax policies, which regulate the market mechanism through the state. These countries regard the mineral resources as a kind of proction resources. Even if the mineral resources have been proved, they are not commodities, but still a kind of potential proction resources

According to the comparison of the taxation system in the field of underground resources utilization between Russia and foreign countries, the following basic conclusions can be drawn:

1) preferential tax policies and promotion measures are widely adopted in foreign countries, but the Russian Federation just talks about them

(2) there are great differences in the calculation methods of tax base and enterprise retained funds: the calculation method in Russia is for funds other than administrative expenses, while in foreign countries, it takes into account the needs of promoting enterprise geological exploration, scientific research and experimental design and other business activities

(3) when collecting underground resource use fees abroad, it is not only divided according to the types of minerals, but also considering the economic status of enterprises

the taxation system implemented in Russia's economic activities in recent ten years formally declares that all people are equal before paying taxes, but the mining instry (especially the metallurgical consortium) is under unequal economic conditions. In fact, mining, mineral processing and mining metallurgical enterprises bear much more tax burden than metal processing enterprises. This will lead to the abnormal increase of mining costs and the corresponding decline of the competitiveness of mining enterprises

The author thinks that it is much fairer to take the profits of mining enterprises as the tax base than to take the value of mined minerals as the tax base. As a partner of mining companies, the state should not only obtain certain mining profits, but also bear the risks caused by the uncertainty of mining proction (proven reserves may not be confirmed). Table 6.6 lists the taxation of units with the right to use underground resources in Brazil and other countries for our reference. In addition, many countries often attach some preferential policies when taxing units with the right to use underground resources. For example, in the United States, when mining resources are exhausted, the tax can be reced from 32% to 14% - 15%. In addition, new mining enterprises can also enjoy such preferential policies in the first few years

Table 6.6 tax situation of foreign mining enterprises with underground resources use right

in this way, the tax environment of foreign mining enterprises is much better than ours. Their tax burden is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 lower than that of Russia. At the same time, their mines have better geological conditions and higher ore grade, so their procts are more competitive

7. Bus route: Rail Transit Line 3 → Metro Line 1 → Metro Line 4, the whole journey is about 22.4 km
1. Walk about 410 meters from Gexiang street to Gexiang Street Station
2. Take rail transit line 3, pass 10 stations, and reach dongfangmen station
3. Walk about 180 meters, and then transfer to Metro Line 1
4. Take Metro Line 1, pass 6 stations, and reach leqiao station
5. Take Metro Line 4, After 3 stops, arrive at Suzhou railway station
6. Walk about 100 meters to Suzhou railway station

8.

1 Application for registration

(2) identification materials and power of attorney of the applicant and Chinese people

(3) relevant real estate ownership source proof materials, registration reason proof documents and real estate ownership certificate

(4) real estate boundary, space boundary, area and other materials

(5) explanatory materials on the interest relationship with others

(6) other materials prescribed by laws, administrative regulations and the detailed rules for the implementation of these regulations< br />

9. 1、 If you get it from the developer, you should bring the following information: 1. The original ID card of the owner, the original ID card of the co owner in the contract, and the original ID card of the co owner; 2. Original purchase contract; 3. House payment invoice (delivery sheet); 4. Deed tax payment certificate; 5. I or co owners go to collect it

2. If you get it in the real estate trading center, you can bring the original ID card of the owner to the tax payment window to check and pay the tax, and then you can get it in the certificate issuing window.