Is virtual currency illegal in foreign countries
It is illegal to issue virtual currency privately
According to Article 29 of the regulations of the people's Republic of China on the administration of RMB, no unit or indivial is allowed to print or sell token tickets to replace RMB in circulation on the market In addition, the "emergency notice of the State Council Office for rectifying unhealthy tendencies in the instry, the State Economic and Trade Commission and the people's Bank of China on prohibiting the issuance and use of various token certificates (cards)" also strictly prohibited similar issues 
extended data
virtual currency refers to non real currency. Well known virtual currencies, such as online currency of Internet company, q-coin of Tencent company, q-point and voucher of Shanda company, micro currency launched by Sina (used for micro games, Sina reading, etc.), chivalrous Yuanbao (used for chivalrous road game), silver grain (used for bixue Qingtian game), and popular digital currencies in 2013 include bitcoin, Laite coin, infinite coin, quark coin, zeta coin, etc Barbecue coins, pennies (Internet), invisible gold bars, red coins, prime coins. At present, hundreds of digital currencies are issued all over the world. Popular in the circle & quot; The legend of "bitcoin, Wright silver, infinite copper, pennies aluminum"
market formation
the Internet has led to the emergence of a new market, which is a virtual market based on cyberspace. The Internet provides a lot of communication places for consumers, and also provides business market for enterprises. Enterprises must change from proct centered to service centered to customer centered. With the development of computer artificial intelligence technology and database technology, enterprises can conveniently collect customers' information, understand customers' needs in time, change business strategies and grasp economic arteries in real time
With the rapid development of computer and network communication technology, the application of Internet technology has graally penetrated into various fields of human activities, and the unlimited business opportunities that it contains make businesses turn their eyes to e-commerce. E-commerce is penetrating into all aspects of social and economic life at a speed that people can hardly imaginethe traditional finance is also closely watching this irresistible trend of global economic integration and networking. As a result, value-added services take art as the selling point and can be regarded as commodities; The sword in the game is not a brand-new financial services business philosophy - e-finance came into being
from the historical development process, to understand e-finance, we must start from the electronic finance and e-commerce. The so-called e-financialization means that financial enterprises adopt modern communication, computer, network and other information technology means in addition to Internet technology to improve the work efficiency of traditional financial service business, rece operating costs, realize the automation of financial business processing, informatization of financial enterprise management and scientific decision-making, and provide customers with faster and more convenient services, And then enhance the financial enterprise is the behavior of market competitive advantage
e-finance is a transcendence of financial electronization. Different from the electronic finance, the main technical basis of e-finance operation is the increasingly perfect Internet technology. Due to the characteristics of global connectivity, openness, quickness and low marginal cost of Internet technology, e-finance strengthens the restructuring and innovation of financial services business based on Internet technology, so that customers are free from the restrictions of business hours and places, and enjoy all kinds of high-quality and low-cost services provided by financial enterprises anytime and anywhere
with the development of Internet, the form of money is becoming more virtual, and there is an electronic money that only exists in the form of electronic signal
reference source: Network: virtual currency
since 203, the more popular virtual currencies are bitcoin, Wright coin, Fuyuan coin, doggy coin, dark coin, reborn coin and so on.
is different from Alipay, WeChat and other electronic payment. digital currency is a brand new digital credit currency which is different from traditional credit currency. On the morning of September 9, Zhou Xiaochuan, President of the people's Bank of China, Yi Gang, vice president of the people's Bank of China, and pan Gongsheng, vice president and director of the State Administration of foreign exchange, answered questions from Chinese and foreign journalists on issues related to "financial reform and development.". In response to a question about digital currency, President Zhou Xiaochuan said that bitcoin and other virtual currencies have not been recognized as retail payment instruments, and the central bank does not accept or recognize relevant services at present. At the same time, he also pointed out that the central bank is cooperating with the market to develop digital currency
At the same time, Zhou Xiaochuan also pointed out that digital currency may have some unpredictable effects on financial stability and monetary policy transmission. Therefore, it needs dynamic regulatory measures. Jin Yu, director of the Department of economics, School of economics, Shanghai University of Finance and economics, once commented that "virtual currency" may not only hide the grey transaction or even the black transaction, but also cause all kinds of risks, "crowd out" the real financial innovation, which is not concive to the sustainable and healthy development of Internet financeSpeculation in foreign exchange generally refers to foreign exchange margin trading and firm offer trading. That is, investors conct foreign exchange transactions with the services provided by banks or brokers
At present, there are two main channels for domestic investors to invest in foreign exchange, one is through the foreign exchange firm offer opened by domestic banks, the other is through foreign dealers (domestic agencies) to directly open accounts abroad for foreign exchange margin business. The biggest difference between foreign exchange margin trading and foreign exchange firm offer trading is that foreign exchange margin trading takes the form of margin, and uses leverage principle to make small and broad. This paper focuses on whether the residents log on to the foreign dealer platform through personal login or network agent platform to conct foreign exchange margin trading constitutes the crime of illegal operation of illegal foreign exchange trading or related illegal actsdoes speculation in foreign exchange by domestic residents constitute a crime of illegal foreign exchange trading? Before that, some people thought that trading foreign exchange in China must be carried out in designated banks or relevant institutions, and speculation in foreign exchange is obviously a kind of speculation through trading foreign exchange, reselling foreign exchange, and it is a typical reselling for profit, so this kind of behavior constitutes illegal foreign exchange trading outside the prescribed place, As long as the amount of business exceeds 200000 US dollars or the profit exceeds 50000 RMB, it constitutes the crime of illegal business operation
the most famous case is that Huang Guangyu was convicted of insider trading and illegal business operation. The court found that in order to repay his gambling debts in Macao, Huang Guangyu paid Macao's casinos in RMB exchange for Hong Kong dollars through underground banks, and the amount exceeded 100 million yuan. The court held that this kind of behavior belonged to trading foreign exchange outside the designated place, so it constituted the crime of illegal business operation
However, first of all, the object of the crime of illegal foreign exchange trading is China's foreign exchange management system. The reason why the judicial authorities of our country regard Huang Guangyu's behavior as the crime of illegal business operation is that this kind of behavior of purchasing foreign exchange through underground banks infringes the existing foreign exchange management system of our country, and belongs to the typical realization of illegal OTC Foreign Exchange
many and how much are used to ask questions. What's the difference between how
many and how much
1
the difference of the modified words
how
many is used to modify the plural of countable nouns. Its sentence pattern is: how
many + plural noun + general question +
how
much is used to modify uncountable nouns to express quantity. It can also be used alone< (1) when asking questions about the number of subjects in there
be sentence pattern, such as: some,
five,
only
one, if the subject is a countable noun, no matter whether the subject is singular or plural, it is usually in the plural form, because the questioner does not know the specific number, and many can only be in the plural form, How
many + countable plural + are
there + adverbial of place / time? For example:
1.
there
is
a
book
on
the
desk.
(use how
many to change to special questions)
how
many
books
are
there
on
the
desk<
2.
there
are
seven
days
in
a
week.
how
many
days
are
there
in
a
week< (2) remember the formula
how
many at the beginning of the sentence, the plural number of nouns follows, the general questions follow closely, and the other components should not be lost.
3
howmuch usage
(1) used to ask the number of things, followed by uncountable nouns. For example:
how
much
milk
is
there
in
the
glass? How much milk is there in the glass
(2) used to ask about the weight of things. For example:
- how
much
does
the
pig
weight? How much does this pig weigh<
- eighty kg
(3) when "how
much
means" how much ", it can be used alone or form the phrase" how
much
money ", but money is often omitted in English to ask the price of something
(Note: how
when asking about the price, if the answer is Chinese currency unit, it should use Chinese Pinyin yuan, Fen to express, a few dimes often use tens of cents to express, the letters use lowercase, and do not use plural. For example:
- how
much
is
the
eraser? How much is this eraser Ninty
two
Fen
(4) it is used to ask the result of numerical calculation, which is equivalent to what. For example:
- how
much
is
three
plus
one? How much is three plus one< br />－It' S
four.