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He is diligent and knowledgeable. Poor families don't get much oil. In summer, you can practice your bag / hold dozens of fireflies / take photos of books, and work day and night
Che Yin is respectful to his elders and has a lot of knowledge, but because of his poor family, he has no extra money to buy lamp oil for his evening study. One night in the summer, I found a white silk pocket and then caught dozens of fireflies in it. Although it was not very bright, I could barely read. As long as there are fireflies, he will catch one to use as a lampthis article comes from Tang Che Yin's night reading of Nang Ying
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< H2 > extended materials
writing background:
in Jin Dynasty, Che Yin was cautious, hardworking and tireless, knowledgeable and proficient. CheYin's family was poor and couldn't get lamp oil often. On a summer night, Che Yin made a bag of white silk, which contained dozens of fireflies and studied from night to day
the book of Jin consists of 130 volumes, including 10 volumes of emperor Ji, 20 volumes of records, 70 volumes of biographies, and 30 volumes of records. It records the history from Sima Yi to the second year of Yuanxi, Emperor Gong of Jin Dynasty, including the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It also describes the rise and fall of the political power of the 16 states in the form of records
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put some petioles on the cultivation medium, maintain high humidity and give bright light, and new buds will appear in a few weeks
the process of bud formation is very slow, we should be patient to wait. As long as the base of the petiole is not blackened or rotten, you have to wait. Because the petiole has no roots at this stage, it is very important to keep the humidity. Only when the moist cultivation medium can adhere to the petiole can it provide water; At this time, the light intensity is also very important. You need bright and sufficient light, but you can't let the sun shine directly, otherwise the petiole will be too hot and dry. The age of petiole is also related to the success rate of reproction. The petiole in the prime of life is usually larger and has the greatest chance to proce seedlings; Compared with young leaves, old leaves do not proce new buds. Therefore, when breeding, we can use a ring of petioles around the periphery of the flytrap, and plant the rest of the center back; If the petiole can have roots, the chance of success will be higher
in order to rece the damage of petioles, it is better to use clean cultivation medium to prevent petioles from rotting. Therefore, it is suggested to use water moss as the cultivation medium for leaf transplanting, and consider transplanting to other places when the seedlings grow out [2]
ramet method
Venus flytrap often grows lateral buds. As long as the lateral buds grow large enough and have complete roots, it can be separated from the mother plant and cultivated alone (but some artificial cultivated species rarely have ramets throughout the year)
flower bud method
sometimes the flower bud of Venus flytrap turns into a plant! It has been known that this phenomenon is caused by temperature difference. If the temperature difference between day and night is very large, it will ince the flower buds of Venus flytrap to transform into a new plant. At this time, the small plant can be cut off and planted in the soil, and it will be a new Venus flytrap[ 1]
cultivation technology editor
light: swamp plants, the original environment without tall plants shade, like sunlight. In family cultivation, the sun can shine all day in spring, autumn and winter. In summer in South China, 50% shade should be added or placed on indoor sunny windowsill. Or the artificial light cultivation was carried out on the top of the plant 15-30cm away from the plant with the plant supplementary light lamp (red blue ratio 2:1), and the irradiation time was 4 hours / day
moisture: try to use pure water, rain water and other soft water (tap water can be used in southern China). In order to create a small environment similar to the original place, the basin immersion method (called "waist water" method in Hong Kong and Taiwan) is used. The specific method is: put the basin of Venus flytrap in a tray or glass jar, inject water to 1-2cm depth, and replenish water regularly Note: waist water is easy to rot root in summer)
humidity: more than 50%. The native environment of Venus flytrap is swampy grassland, and the humidity is relatively high. If you can make waist water with big water pan, the humidity nearby will be higher. You can also add a layer of water moss on the surface soil of the basin, which is also helpful to maintain the air humidity
matrix: the matrix remained acidic at pH 3.5-5. Peat and perlite 2:1 or pure water moss without fertilizer should be replaced every spring
temperature: growth temperature: 15 ℃ ~ 35 ℃, suitable temperature: 21 ~ 35 ℃. In winter, if you want to make it dormant, you must control it at about 5 ℃ (0 ~ 8 ℃). But according to years of conservation experience, there is no obvious effect on the normal growth of the next year without dormancy
feeding: please don't force them to eat too much, they will eat by themselves. Arthropods (insects, spiders, etc.) can only be fed on 2 leaves at most. Their digestive juice is difficult to digest the fat in beef, chicken and other meat that people eat everyday
fertilization: the root system of insectivorous plants is extremely salt tolerant, and direct application of fertilizer into the substrate will lead to the death of plants, so low concentration liquid fertilizer should be sprayed on the leaves. If the foliage plant fertilizer sold in the market is used, it can be applied according to 1 / 5 of the recommended concentration (1:5000), and sprayed once every two weeks in the growing season
cultivation medium
Venus flytrap
Venus flytrap
1. Venus flytrap preferred the cultivation medium with good water retention and acid. It can be directly cultivated with peat soil or water moss, that is to say, only a single medium can be used. However, the price of water moss is higher, and the service life is shorter, but it is cleaner than other cultivation media, so water moss is more suitable for leaf cuttings or seedlings. The larger plant is more suitable to use the lower cost peat soil. The texture of some peat soil is more fine, so when only peat soil is used, it may cause poor drainage and easy ponding. We can add a small amount of pearl stone or granular soil to the peat soil, or mix the peat soil and sand in a ratio of one to one. As a matter of fact, in the original place, the flytrap grows on the sandy soil, and the cultivation medium composed of sand and peat soil may be the best choice. Because of the preference for acidic medium, the sand selection of Venus flytrap is mainly quartz sand, silica sand or river sand; Do not use sand containing calcium, such as coral sand or shell sand
The fresher the seeds were, the higher the germination rate was; The seeds are sown on the surface of the water moss (remember not to be too dense) and the humidity is based on the fact that the water moss does not drip (which means the maximum saturation of the water MOSS). The seeds are covered with fresh-keeping film. On the fresh-keeping film, poke a few small eyes with a toothpick and put them in the place where the light is strong but the sun can't directly reach. The seeds with good quality sprout about a week. When the height or diameter of the plant is about 2 cm, it needs to be domesticated.
the Milky way is the star system of the solar system, including 150-400 billion stars, a large number of star clusters and nebulae, as well as various types of interstellar gas, interstellar st and black holes. Its total visible mass is 210 billion times that of the sun[ 3]
in the Milky way, most stars are concentrated in a flat sphere, which is shaped like a discus. The protruding part in the middle of the oblate sphere is called the "nuclear sphere", with a radius of about 7000 light-years. The middle part of the nucleus ball is called "silver nucleus" and the four sides are called "silver plate". There is a larger spherical area outside the disk, where there are fewer and less dense stars, known as the "silver halo", with a diameter of 70000 light-years
In the past, the Milky way was thought to be a spiral galaxy like Andromeda, but the latest research shows that the Milky way should be a rod spiral galaxy90% of the matter in the galaxy is stars. According to the physical properties, chemical composition, spatial distribution and motion characteristics, stars can be divided into five families. The youngest extreme group I stars are mainly distributed in the spiral arms of the silver disk; The oldest extreme group II stars are mainly distributed in the silver halo. Stars often cluster. In addition to a large number of binary stars, more than 1000 star clusters have been found in the Milky way. There are also gas and st in the Milky way, accounting for about 10% of the total mass of the Milky way. The distribution of gas and st is uneven. Some gather as nebulae,
Milky Way
Milky way (10)
some scatter in interstellar space[ 4] Since the 1960s, a large number of interstellar molecules have been found, such as carbon monoxide, water and so on
molecular clouds are the main places of star formation. The galactic core, the silver core or the silver core, is a very special place. It emits very strong radio radiation, infrared radiation, X-ray radiation and radiation γ X-ray radiation, the nature is not clear, there may be a giant black hole, it is estimated that its mass may reach 4 million times the mass of the sun
In 1971, British astronomers Linden bell and Martin ness analyzed the infrared observation and other properties of the central region of the galaxy, pointed out that the energy source of the galactic center should be a black hole, and predicted that if their hypothesis is correct, a small-scale source of radio radiation could be observed in the center of the galaxy, And the properties of the radiation should be the same as those observed in the ground synchrotron. Three years later, such a radiation source was found, and this is Sagittarius aSagittarius A has a very small scale, which is only the size of an ordinary star. Its radio radiation intensity is 2 * 10 (34th power) ERGs / s, and it is within 0.2 light years of the Galactic dynamic center. It is surrounded by a moving ionized gas with a speed of up to 300 km / s and a strong infrared radiation source. All known stellar activities can not explain the strange properties of humanoid a, so humanoid a seems to be the best candidate for massive black holes. However, because there is no conclusive evidence for massive black holes, astronomers are careful not to use conclusive language to mention massive black holes. Our galaxy contains about 200 billion stars, including about 100 billion stars, of which the sun is a typical one. The Milky way is a fairly large rod spinning galaxy, which consists of three parts, including the silver disk containing the spiral arms, the central bulge of the silver center and the halo part
The spiral galaxy M83 is similar in size and shape to our galaxy. Outside the disk is a sphere of sparse stars and interstellar matter called halo, about 160000 light-years in diameter The Milky way also has rotation. The solar system revolves around the center of the Milky way at a speed of 250 km / s for about 220 million years. The Milky way has two companion galaxies: the Large Magellanic galaxy and the Small Magellanic galaxyastronomer Maria g
schematic diagram of the sun's position in the Milky Way
schematic diagram of the sun's position in the Milky Way
Mann believes that through the study of the disk of the galaxy's star clusters, it is shown that the star clusters around the Milky way are older, while the outer stars are younger, so it can be inferred that the formation process of the Milky Way starts from the inside, Later, it graally evolved to a diameter of more than 100000 light-years. Scientists said the survey also found new evidence that the Milky way has swallowed many small galaxies ring its growth, and objects from other galaxies have merged into the interior of the Milky way[ 4] Stephen Hawking once claimed that his observations showed that the center of the galaxy was a huge black hole
in June 2013, NASA released the clearest galaxy map with 160 million pixels and 457mb capacity
The main part of galactic matter is a thin disk called the silver disk. The nearly spherical part of the central bulge of the silver disk is called the nuclear sphere, where stars are highly concentrated. There is a very small compact area in the center of the nucleus, which is called the silver nucleus. Outside the silver plate is a larger, nearly spherical area, in which the material density is much lower than that of the silver plate, which is called the silver halo. There is a silver crown outside the halo, and its mass distribution is roughly sphericalobserved galactic spiral arm structure
observed galactic spiral arm structure [5]
in 2005, the Galactic spiral arm structure was observed. According to Hubble's classification, the Milky way should be a huge bar spiral galaxy SBC, with a total mass of 0.6-3 trillion times that of the sun and about 100 billion stars
Since the 1980s, astronomers have suspected that the Milky way is a bar spiral galaxy rather than an ordinary spiral galaxy. In 2005, Spitzer Space Telescope confirmed this suspicion, and confirmed that the rod structure in the galactic core is larger than expected The estimated diameter of the galactic disk is 98000 light-years, and the distance from the sun to the galactic center is about 26000 light-years