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The issue and circulation of virtual currency

Publish: 2021-04-27 03:58:19
1. In the future, the value of virtual currency only depends on the number of people with money, whether there are entities under it, and whether it plays a role in promoting social finance, which determines its success or failure; Any currency is issued by the head office, which is a process system. The circulation is the quantity issued by the decision-making level of the headquarters according to the market research, which is based on the accurate market research
2.

China does not have the first legal virtual currency. At the end of 2013, the central bank and other five ministries and commissions issued the bitcoin risk notice, which clearly defined bitcoin as a special Internet commodity, and the public can buy and sell it freely on the premise of taking their own risks

other digital confidential currencies are also suitable, such as Laite coin, the ancestor of Shanzhai coin, Fuyuan coin for business points in jewelry instry, dog coin for small reward, etc. But although virtual currency exists legally in our country, it is illegal to cheat under the guise of virtual currency

extended data

as the proct of e-commerce, virtual currency has begun to play an increasingly important role, and it is more and more connected with the real world. However, with the growth of virtual currency, the relevant laws and regulations are lagging behind, which has laid many hidden dangers

fraud

the private transactions of online virtual currency have realized the two-way circulation between virtual currency and RMB to a certain extent. The activity of these traders is to buy all kinds of virtual currencies and procts at a low price, and then sell them at a high price to earn profits. With the increase of such transactions, there are even virtual mints

in addition to the virtual currency provided by the main company, there are also some people who specialize in "virtual coin making" to obtain virtual currency by playing games and then resell it to other players. Take Wenzhou as an example, there are about seven or eight such "virtual mints" with four or five hundred practitioners. This not only creates a bubble for the price of the virtual currency itself, but also causes trouble for the normal sale of the issuing company. It also provides a platform for selling and collecting money and money laundering for various cyber crimes. p>

impact system

in modern financial system, the issuers of money are generally central banks, which are responsible for the management and supervision of money operation. As the equivalent exchange goods used to replace the real currency circulation on the Internet, the virtual currency on the Internet is essentially the same as the real currency. The difference is that the issuers are no longer central banks, but Internet companies

if the development of virtual currency makes it form a unified market, each company can exchange with each other, or virtual currency is integrated and unified, and all of them are based on the same standard and price, then in a sense, virtual currency is currency, which is likely to form a threat impact on the traditional financial system or economic operation

network problems

in addition to direct cash, virtual currency can also be purchased by SMS, internet transfer and fixed telephone recharge. These ways of purchase not only provide convenience for users, but also have many risks

such as embezzlement of telephone recharge and purchase by minors. In addition, virtual currency does not have the anti-counterfeiting technology of real currency. Computer hackers may use its security loopholes to proce counterfeit currency. Relevant personnel of the State Administration for Instry and Commerce said that virtual currency transaction is a business behavior derived from the Internet era, and there are no clear legal provisions to regulate it, and there are no items related to virtual goods transaction in the scope of instrial and commercial registration

but when the virtual property transaction graally employs people, places are fixed, transaction profits are clear, and has the nature of operation, it may involve market order and tax issues. Even game operators have no ability to control. There are a large number of "counterfeit banknote makers" in the network. Take the winger who is mainly engaged in chess and card online games as an example, the purchasing power of his online currency has shrunk by nearly 40% in one year. Many people point out that such inflation will only damage netizens and make them lose confidence in the Internet

reference source : network virtual currency

3. Virtual currency can be divided into game currency and network token
game currency is mainly circulated by game companies and professional gamers through online tasks and ground sales
network token: it is a kind of virtual currency equivalent to normal currency that can circulate on the network. Such as the common Q coin. This is mainly to facilitate users in a variety of consumer activities on the network. In the early stage, free quantitative distribution is used to guide consumers to a virtual consumption habit. In the later stage, special sales channels are set up.
4. For example, is there really a God in the world? Obviously not, but people still spend human, material and financial resources to Xinyang and worship, and come to the conclusion that there is still value in the existence and exchange of the false theory. Of course, this is different from bitcoin. In the process of bitcoin's generation, a person who seems to be a little famous suddenly put forward a theory, sales of storage currency. At the beginning, this kind of currency was only spread and entertained among a few people (assuming that there were 10000 people in the first year). Of course, these people only held the attitude of entertainment at the beginning, just like playing online games. The next year, suddenly a team or a number of (speculative group), suddenly feel this organic, began to buy at a low price, and grasp the market. When the time is ripe, the whole world will know about this kind of currency by means of media and economic people. The number of participants will increase from less than 50000 to one million, and tens of billions of capital will flow in. I remember the most popular time was at the end of November, when the price of a bitcoin was 7900, but there were many reports at that time that it could rise to 400000, At this time, the speculative teams felt that it was impossible to go up again and began to sell a lot of bitcoin. As a result, the price of bitcoin fell by about 4000 in less than a month. These teams made a lot of gold and silver. However, because there are still one million people involved, the price will stop at around 3000 for quite a while, But in the process of people quitting, bitcoin will be worthless Personal views (for reference only)
5. All basic information types are OK. It's very easy to find websites with blockchain information types. You can go online to "blockchain network". There are at least thousands of information stations like "blockchain XX network" in China. No, let's go online.
6. It should not, because under special circumstances, cash is more reliable than digital currency. For example, there is no flow or mobile phone. Currency in circulation has a history of thousands of years in China, and it can not be replaced overnight
7.

Mobile payment means that mobile clients use electronic procts such as mobile phones to make e-money payment. Mobile payment creates a new payment method and makes e-money popular. Because of the advantages of convenient and fast payment, eliminating counterfeit money, no change and so on, it is loved by many people< The Ministry of Commerce issued the "overall plan for the pilot project of deepening the innovation and development of service trade in China", and officially announced that the number of digital currency has expanded from the original 4 pilot cities to 28 , which means that digital currency is coming towards us. The same virtual currency and bitcoin, so these virtual currency can replace the status of paper money

Therefore, it is essentially no different from the paper currency RMB, and will not be wildly hyped like bitcoin. In a short period of time, virtual currency can not completely replace traditional currency. There are mainly two constraints: the first is the user's will, not everyone is used to this payment method; the second is the satisfaction of technical conditions, because the speed of transaction payment is mainly limited by the technical realization, and the goal of digital currency is only to replace part of the cash in circulation. So for a long time, it should be used in parallel with banknotes

8. No, the issue quantity of virtual currency is generally fixed, and it is issued according to certain rules, but not according to the limit needed in circulation. Let's take bitcoin as an example:

New bitcoin is generated through "mining", which is a competitive and decentralized process. This process involves indivials serving the bitcoin network and getting paid for it. Bitcoin miners use dedicated hardware to process transactions and protect bitcoin networks, and collect new bitcoins ring transactions

bitcoin protocol is designed to issue new bitcoin at a fixed rate. This makes bitcoin mining an extremely competitive instry. As more and more miners join the bitcoin network, it becomes more and more difficult to make profits. Miners must seek efficiency to cut proction costs. No central authority or developer has the right to control or manipulate the system to increase their profits. Any behavior that does not comply with the rules required by the system will be rejected by any bitcoin node in the world

bitcoin is issued at a predictable and graal decline rate. The number of new bitcoins will be halved year by year until the total number reaches 21 million. By then, bitcoin miners may be able to support only a large number of small transaction costs

since 2013, the popular virtual currencies are bitcoin, Laite coin, Fuyuan coin, Ruibo coin, Yuanbao coin and so on.
9.

1、 The issue procere of RMB can be divided into four steps:

(1) put forward the issue plan of RMB and determine the annual money supply

(2) the money supply plan approved by the State Council and approved by the people's Bank of China

(3) allocate the issuing funds

(4) daily cash collection and payment of general banking business library

Second, the form of money circulation:

(1) money circulation is caused by commodity circulation and capital flow, as a means of circulation and payment of money movement

(2) the form of money circulation includes cash and non cash circulation:

cash circulation is the movement of money which directly uses cash as the means of circulation and payment, It is mainly the currency circulation related to the commodity circulation in the retail market of consumer goods and the micro payment of indivial residents

non cash circulation or deposit transfer settlement mainly refers to the commodity circulation in the market of means of proction and wholesale market of means of consumption, the large amount payment of enterprises and institutions, and the currency circulation associated with financial transactions

(3) money acts as a means of circulation according to its flexibility, It can be divided into three levels:

M0 = Cash

M1 = M0 + deposits of enterprises and institutions + current deposits of urban and rural residents

M2 = M1 + fixed deposits of urban and rural residents + deposits of enterprise special funds + discountable Treasury bills

extended data:

nature classification

in terms of the nature of currency issuance, It can be divided into economic issue and financial issue. Economic issue is the currency issued to meet the needs of commodity circulation

Therefore, it can not only meet the needs of national economy, but also maintain the stability of currency value. Fiscal issue is the currency issued to make up the fiscal deficit (see fiscal revenue and expenditure). This kind of issuance exceeds the actual needs of commodity circulation and often leads to inflation

10. The central bank, the people's Bank of China, is the only legal currency issuing institution in China. The currency issued by the central bank generally enters the circulation through three channels.
first, it flows into commercial banks through rediscount and refinancing business, and then enters the market circulation through commercial banks' asset business (such as loans, securities investment, etc.).
Second, it deals with gold, silver and foreign exchange business, Capital entering the market
Third, by buying Treasury bonds in the open market, market traders can obtain funds and expand the source of funds.
these are also the three major means for the central bank to regulate the market
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