Does virtual money change the nature of money
virtual currency and electronic currency are not the same concept
the definition of e-money is to convert a certain amount of cash or deposit from the issuer and obtain data representing the same amount. By using some electronic methods, the data can be directly transferred to the payment object, so as to pay off the debt. E-money means that consumers pay traditional money to issuers of e-money, and issuers store legal money of equal value with traditional money in electronic devices held by consumers
electronic currency is the electronization of the legal tender, including our common bank cards, Internet banking, electronic cash, etc., as well as the third party payment developed in recent years, such as Alipay, fortune paid and so on. No matter what form these electronic currencies are and through which institutions they circulate, their original source is the legal money issued by the central bank
but virtual currency is the electronization of illegal currency, and its original issuer is not the central bank. For example, Tencent Q currency and other game currency, such virtual currency is mainly limited to circulation in a specific virtual environment. After the emergence of bitcoin, through the blockchain technology to better solve the problem of decentralization, distrust, to achieve global circulation, is sought after in the world. Electronic currency and virtual currency are collectively referred to as digital currency
The form and expression of "virtual" is not the first important, the first important is the internal value. In other words, what is the relationship and difference between the value of virtual currency and that of general currency. In view of the depth of the background of the problem, we need to stand higher in the starting point of the research. The problem of currency is the problem of modernity, and the problem of virtual currency is the problem of post modernity. They do not share the same basic paradigm. It is the difference of paradigm, not virtual phenomenon, that leads to the difference between them
the formation mechanism of value is different
the value basis of general currency and virtual currency is different, the former represents utility, the latter represents value. From the point of view of behavioral economics, money, as a general equivalent, is called value in language, but it actually refers to utility. Virtual currency does not represent the "effect" of general "price", but the value itself. Virtual currency is not a general equivalent, but a manifestation of value relativity, or a symbol; It can also be said that virtual currency is personalized currency. In another way, it can also be called information currency. Their commonness lies in that they are symbols of uncertain value and relative value. When we say that, the traditional meaning of currency has been broken through. Money in its original meaning can only be a special case of the new currency in a broader sense. Money can be used as the symbol of general equivalent or relative value set
the monetary decision mechanism is different
the general currency is decided by the central bank, and the virtual currency is decided by indivials. The sovereignty of general currency is in the center of the Republic; The sovereignty of virtual currency lies in distributed indivial nodes. From the perspective of information economics, general currency is a special case of virtual currency. The special points of this special case are: first, the reference point does not change. Therefore, value is specialized from a set to a recible value. When the reference point remains unchanged, value is equivalent to utility; Second, the gain and loss of utility relative to the reference point remain unchanged. This means that the value of reference point is a stable rational value and equilibrium value. In a rational economy, the reference point may remain unchanged, but it is still a scattered set. The difference is that every point (the actual transaction price) of this decentralization is unstable, and only the equilibrium value is stable; But in the value concentration of virtual currency, every point may be stable, on the contrary, the rational equilibrium value may be unstable. Reflecting on the monetary decision mechanism, the central bank is the personified representative of a fixed reference point of rational value, while the virtual money market (such as stock market and game money market) is determined by forces other than the central bank. In this sense, some people in economics call the stock market as the virtual money market, and the economy formed by the stock market and derivative financial market as the virtual economy. The essence of virtual economy is information economy with indivial as the center
the value exchange mechanism is different
the value conversion of general currency is completed in the money market; The value conversion of virtual money is completed in the virtual money market. The value exchange between general currency and virtual currency is completed through the overall exchange of the two markets. Under special conditions, there is an immature exchange relationship between indivial markets. Therefore, it can be said that general currency and virtual currency are in different markets. Fisher Equation (QP = MV) describes the value conversion relationship between commodity market and money market; The extended Fisher Equation (MV = BH) describes the value conversion relationship between money market and virtual money market. Some people worry that the game virtual currency may cause inflation. This is because he does not understand the market exchange mechanism of virtual currency and confused the money market with the virtual currency market. Just as the imbalance of supply and demand in the commodity market can not directly lead to the imbalance of supply and demand in the money market, it must lead to inflation by issuing more money in the overall market; The imbalance of supply and demand in the virtual money market can not directly lead to inflation in the money market. The key to the problem is whether a unified virtual money market has been formed. The stock market is a unified market, but the game market is not. For example, the ratio of a game virtual currency to RMB may initially be 800000 to 1, and then it may change to 8 million to 1. Maybe we can buy a castle's virtual currency today, and maybe we can only buy a Tomahawk tomorrow. This phenomenon is indeed possible; If virtual currency forms a unified market, it may indeed exert pressure on the money market. The problem is that there is no such unified market. The issuers of game currency are independent of each other and do not have the status of financial subject, let alone the exchange with money at the level of financial market. What's more, whether it's base money or value-added money, the amount of money (m) and the level of money price (V, i.e. velocity of circulation) have not changed, so we can't think that there will be monetary inflation or deflation. For the current game currency depreciation phenomenon, it is better to explain that the service conditions of a game as a value-added service have changed. Due to the general improvement of the level of players or the increase of the number of players, the demand for virtual currency increases, and the price of services and virtual currency decreases. As a result of this change in the supply and demand conditions of services, service prices have declined. This is a phenomenon that can be explained by a real commodity market
the commodity separated from the commodity serves as the unified value expression material of all other commodities. Its appearance is the inevitable result of the development of commodity proction and exchange. Historically, the general equivalent was undertaken by some special commodities. With the progress of society, gold and silver have become the most suitable currencies to perform the function of general equivalent. Money is a special commodity separated from commodities and fixed as a general equivalent.
for example, the current electronic transfer is actually virtual currency
of course, paper money itself is a currency symbol, not a currency
the goods ratio is the general equivalent
nowadays, paper money or virtual currency are all transactions based on national credit or enterprise credit
in these economic activities, virtual currency acts as a measure of value and a means of circulation.
Bus route: No.36, about 2.5km in total length
1. Walk about 100m from Shaoyang south bus station to south bus station
2. Take No.36, pass 4 stops, reach Nanmenkou station
3, walk about 230m, and reach Shaoyang Central Hospital in Hunan Province
bus route: No.25, about 2.4km in total length
1. Walk about 170m from Shaoyang south bus station, Arrive at south bus station
2, take bus No.25, pass 4 stops, arrive at Nanmenkou station
3, walk about 240 meters to Shaoyang Central Hospital of Hunan Province
at present, the issue of digital currency is still in the stage of discussion, and many problems are still under study. However, in practice, people are more and more inclined to use e-banking and e-payment rather than carrying paper money. In the future, the number of paper money in circulation may decrease with this trend< However, after the issuance of digital currency, the following categories of people will be unable to sit still
1) bank tellers: with the advent of the digital currency era, people will bring less and less cash, so there will be fewer people who need to work in the bank, and the number of tellers who need to handle cash business will be reced
② staff of banknote printing and Mint: with the decrease of cash in circulation in the market, the banknotes needed to be printed by banknote printing and mint will naturally decrease
③ tax evaders: digital currency improves the transparency of economic transactions, and makes money laundering and tax evasion more difficult. With the growing maturity of electronic technology, the era of digital currency will come. Maybe many years later, the cash currency (paper money, coins) that we are using will no longer exist
the above is for reference.