Genealogy of virtual currency

2.

Service completion: it is to strive for high-quality goods without shortage, which is an important rule to remain invincible in the competition. No interest currency: to prevent overstocking of goods and accelerate capital turnover

the saying "Wu Wan Wu" comes from the biography of the merchants, which is a classical Chinese article written by Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty and included in historical records. This is a biography of outstanding people who engaged in the activities of "cargo colonization", and also an important chapter reflecting Sima Qian's economic thought and material view

In the first chapter of historical records, Sima Qian tells an example of market self-regulation: the procts in the southeast, northwest and North are different, yak in the north, animal husbandry in the west, fish and salt in the East, and wood in the south. These things are necessities of people's life, wood in the north and fur in the south

extended materials:

biographies of outstanding people who are engaged in "cargo colonization" activities. It is also an important chapter reflecting Sima Qian's economic thought and material view“ "Cargo colonization" refers to making use of the proction and exchange of goods to carry out commercial activities and make profits from them

Sima Qian also refers to various handicraft instries, as well as the operation of agriculture, animal husbandry, fishery, mining, smelting and other instries. Jian Bozan once spoke highly of Sima Qian's famous biography of the merchants, which was written with a keen eye on the social and economic aspects

At the age of 20, Sima Qian traveled southward from the north to the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, climbed Huiji mountain, explored Yu cave and Jiuyi mountain, sailed on Yuan River and Xiang River, then went northward to Wenshui River and Surabaya River, and went back to his hometown through Pengcheng, Guoliang and Chu River. His footprints covered most of China, which laid a good foundation for later writing biographies of cargo colonization

3. Although the dynasties are different, but at least after the Tang and Song Dynasties, the difference is not big, so we can get more stable and reliable data
exchange relationship
the exchange ratio of copper, silver and gold, just like the current foreign exchange price, often changes, unlike the one yuan equals 100 points. According to the following description:
"the price ratio of gold and silver rose from 1:8 around 1600 to 1:10 in the middle and late 20th century, and doubled to 1:20 by the end of the 18th century."
it can be seen that 1 liang of gold can be exchanged for 8-11 liang of silver. In the early years of Daoguang, one or two silver coins were exchanged for a crane, that is, one thousand Wen; By the time of the Opium War in the 20th year of Daoguang, one or two silver coins could be exchanged for 16700 RMB. Since Xianfeng, the price of silver has soared, and one or two silver coins can be exchanged for as much as two thousand two hundred and three hundred Wen. "
it can be seen that under normal circumstances, one liang of silver can be exchanged for 1000-1500 Wen of copper coins. In ancient times, one Guan coin or one Diao coin is 1000 Wen.

4. Don't worry. In modern society, money is everything. As long as his descendants are not fools and black sheep, they can be prosperous for countless generations. Just think about how many high-ranking officials are in the genealogy. Money status can be inherited. The most important thing is that there are many descendants. One is incompetent and others. Maybe 500 years later, people will still be big families, And some small families can only turn into st

5.

Familiar with the history of the Three Kingdoms at the end of Han Dynasty, in this historical era, we are familiar with the five tigers General of Shu Han? They were the most powerful generals under the command of Liu Huangshu and made great contributions to the establishment of Shuhan. When we talk about the Three Kingdoms, we must think of the generals Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and other five tigers. Now, do these five tigers still have descendants? If so, where would they be

General Huang, a famous general of the Shu Han Dynasty, became one of the five tiger generals with no offspring. The only son, Huang Xu, also died early, very pitiful

6.

The central bank's gold and silver commemorative coins can't be bought back by commercial banks. You can either entrust an auction company to auction them, or register on the online auction website, or trade idle fish

therefore, some people now accept sealed coins and rating coins, which are relatively more anti-counterfeiting and have higher prices. Auctions may be easier and transactions can be relatively trustworthy

in order to have a good auction result, we can either find an appraisal rating company to seal the coin and send it for auction, or directly find an auction company to identify and auction it. It's going to take an extra investment

as for ordinary circulation commemorative coins, you can play them if you want. There is no problem in collecting them, and the investment is not big, which has little impact on your life

it's hard to buy with money. I like it. It's a collection

if you have money, you want to buy a good thing to wait for appreciation, which is investment

If I have money, I'm afraid of devaluation, so I buy gold and silver to keep value

if you have money, you want more money. You can make a large price difference by changing hands from left to right, and you can make money by buying and selling in reverse, buying at a low price and selling at a high price

7. Zong is a rare surname. Henan Yima, Shanxi Taiyuan, Yuncheng, Hubei Wuchang and other places have distribution< The source of Zong's surname:
the biography of Yingxian, a surname, says: "the third son of King Ping of Zhou, who was named Jing, was granted Zong's surname, and then Zong's surname." This is a surname of Fengyi. The name of King Ping of Zhou is Ji Xuanjiu, so it comes from the Zong surname of King Ping of Zhou and is obviously a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a vertical essay, and the orthodox one served as Rizhao's admonition< On the origin of Zong surname in Xiaoxian County, Anhui Province:
Zong surname originated from the place where Ji Jing, the eldest son of King Ping of Zhou of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, was enfeoffed, and his descendants took the place as their surname. Zongdi may be in Shandong, because we all think so in Xiaoxian County, Anhui Province; Dongguan Hall & quot This is the place name of Dongguan in Shandong Province; Zongzhoutang & quot Historical celebrities in the Song Dynasty are famous scholars who study the book of changes in Zongli (traditional Chinese), so they are named as a pair of couplets: tie Yan Jing Feng, Zhao Rui Bang Hua Mian Shi De; tie Yan Jing Feng, Zhao Rui Bang Hua Mian Shi De; tie Yan Jing Feng, Zhao Rui Bang Hua Mian Shi De; The book of changes is handed down in the family; Please fill in what you know later< Zongwen was born in the Ming Dynasty and was a tribute scholar ring the Zhengde period. He once served as a teacher in Rizhao County, Shandong Province
contemporary celebrities with Zong family name:
Zong Fengyin, born in 1942 in Anhui, is a member of the Communist Party of China, deputy chief physician, deputy director of cadre sanatorium of Anhui Provincial Science, technology and Instry Office for national defense, and Secretary of the Party branch. He graated from Anhui Medical University in July 1967. Engaged in internal medicine for more than 30 years, has a solid theoretical foundation and rich clinical experience, has a high level of medical technology, has a certain degree of research on microcirculation. In the tide of reform, after several explorations, we have worked hard to reach the summit forever. Over the years, he has been working hard and has made great contributions to the medical and health work of the Institute. In addition to doing a good job of management and service for retired veteran cadres, he is mainly engaged in internal medicine and medical care for the elderly. He once studied general internal medicine in Anhui provincial hospital for one year. He has been a member of Chinese society of microcirculation and anisodamine, and participated in relevant academic seminars held in Huangshan, Ningbo and Kunming. He has published "clinical evaluation of magnesium salt in the treatment of cardiovascular disease" and other works in China clinical medicine. He once won the first prize of "Deng Xuan" speech by the provincial Office of science, technology and instry for national defense.

8. The origin of Zhuang characters

in the long-term proction practice and social activities, in order to facilitate the recording and communication, the ancestors of Zhuang created the carved characters in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. This kind of writing is called sawgoek in Buluotuo, the Creation Epic of Zhuang nationality, which means the original book, that is, the oldest writing. From the cultural relics unearthed in Guangxi from the Warring States period to the Han Dynasty, we can see that this kind of carving symbol began to outline the outline of objects, and it has a trend of developing towards hieroglyphics, which is a step forward than tying ropes to record events. Later, with the wide spread of Han culture in the Zhuang area, the ancestors of Zhuang absorbed and imitated the six Chinese characters to create sawndip. This is what historical records call & quot; Local characters & quot;, Also known as & quot; The folk character of square Soil & quot; Or & quot; Square Zhuang character & quot;. Some of these characters are recombined from the radicals of Chinese characters, some are used to annotate the phonetic meaning of Chinese characters, and some are created like pictographs
the original book and the local characters are two forms of expression in the development history of Zhuang characters. It is generally believed that the folk characters of Zhuang nationality began in Tang Dynasty, flourished in Song Dynasty and flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are not only steles, but also a large number of Shigong libretto and folk song transcripts handed down. Many traditional long poems and fairy tales of Zhuang nationality are preserved. Due to historical reasons, this kind of writing has not been standardized and unified, and has only been used in a certain range of folk. Now, after preliminary collection and collation, the popular local characters have been annotated into a dictionary of ancient Zhuang characters and published& quot; Ancient Zhuang characters & quot; The confirmation of this concept not only reflects its historical existence and function as a national character, but also distinguishes the traditional Zhuang character from the newly created phonetic Zhuang character. It shows that the writing of Zhuang nationality has a long history and has developed to a new stage with the development of the times
Zhuang characters in pinyin were created in the 1950s. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, in order to improve the scientific and cultural level of the Zhuang people, the people's government helped the Zhuang people to create Pinyin Zhuang characters. This set of Zhuang phonetic alphabet takes the Latin alphabet as the alphabet, the northern dialect of Zhuang Nationality as the basic dialect, and the Zhuang pronunciation of Wuming County as the standard pronunciation. On November 291957, the State Council passed the Zhuang language program, which was approved to be carried out in Zhuang nationality areas. So far, the Zhuang people have a legal and unified character

the ancient Zhuang characters are called sawndip in Zhuang language, which means to proce remote characters or to create characters. They are also called tuusu characters, tuusu characters and Zhuangzi characters. Now they are named Guzhuang characters. It is mainly recreated with the help of the construction method of the six Chinese characters, which is the proct of the leaping stage in the history of the development of Zhuang ancient characters. At present, most of the academic circles think that the time when the vernacular characters came into being began in the Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Tang Yongchun (682), Wei jingban, the governor of Chengzhou (now Shanglin County, Guangxi Province), wrote the inscription "Ode to Liuhe strong mansion in Wuyu County, Chengzhou". There are □ (Xi + Yi), □ (Lin + Tian) and other characters in the inscription. These characters have become the unified form, sound and meaning, and fixed structure characters. In the Song Dynasty, the use of vernacular characters was more extensive. According to the records of GUI Hai Yu Heng written by fan chengyu in the second year of Chunxi (1175), & quot; In the remote and vulgar areas, there are many local books for the purpose of making a lawsuit. Today's Gu records the number of Lingui. Although they are very despicable, they are also dependent. It's not long. Sit in the door and be steady. (big + sitting) (also sound stable), big sitting is also stable. (you + small) (sound curl), children also, (not + big) (sound move), people are thin and weak. (BU + Sheng) (the end of the sound), death is absolutely also I can't raise my feet Female + big) (sound big), female big and Di also. (stone + Mountain) (Yinhe), the cave of mountain and stone. When the moon is locked, the door is closed. He can't understand the discipline. I read the lawsuit for two years& quot; There are also records about the forms and application of local characters in Zhuang Chan's Ji Li Pian and Zhou qufei's Ling Wai Dai DA in Song Dynasty. By the Ming Dynasty, folk characters had become the written literature of Zhuang people. In the early Qing Dynasty, Wu Qi, the governor of Xunzhou (now Guiping County of Guangxi), recorded Liang and Zhuang in his Yue Feng Xu Jiu; Fan song& quot; Dange & quot; And & quot; Towel song & quot;, That is to say, Zhuang men and women write love songs on fans, carve them on shoulder poles and weave (embroider) them on flower scarves, which are used as keepsakes to give each other love. And called it & quot; The text is like Dingyi, the song is alternated with flowers and birds, the word is also like the head of a fly;. In some places, there are boxes of songbooks written with local characters. Qu Dajun of the Qing Dynasty said in the article of Liu San, Volume 8 of Guangdong Xinyu; All singers, regardless of Qi Minyu, Yao, Zhuang Ren, Shanzi and so on, must first provide a Book of Zhu to be collected. The singers were not allowed to take them out, but graally accumulated to several boxes& quot; Liao Song, which originated in the Ming Dynasty and spread in the Youjiang River Valley, was handed down in the form of local characters. In 1831, the tombstone of Liao Shikuan in Guyu village, Anma Township, Yishan County, Guangxi Province, was written in vernacular characters. The stele is engraved with 120 lines of a five character legged style song, which vividly and detailedly expresses the author's life experience and sad scene in his later years. Zhuang folk myths, stories, legends, ballads, proverbs, scripts, fables, couplets, inscriptions, prescriptions, genealogies, contracts, etc. are mostly recorded and spread by local characters. In the history of the cultural development of the Zhuang nationality, the vernacular characters played a certain role

phonetic Zhuang characters. Taking Latin alphabet as the alphabet and spelling Zhuang standard pronunciation, a set of written symbols system is the legal Zhuang language. In 1955, the Zhuang working conference held in Nanning decided to create the Zhuang language based on the northern dialect and the language of Wuming county. According to the decision, the Zhuang language program was formulated in December 1955. After two years of trial and revision, it was approved and promulgated by the Government Affairs Council in 1957. In 1981, the working committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on minority languages and characters revised the writing system, changing all non Latin alphabetic symbols into Latin alphabets, taking words as writing units, and keeping complete syllables when moving lines. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Zhuang characters in pinyin were vigorously promoted. After 1981, Zhuang language entered schools and translated textbooks for primary schools, middle schools, secondary normal schools and colleges. Guangxi Ethnic newspaper is mainly written in Zhuang language, and March 3 literature magazine also published a Zhuang Language Edition. Guangxi Nationalities Publishing House publishes hundreds of Zhuang language books, and some Marxist Leninist works and national documents are also translated into Zhuang language.