List of online game virtual currency companies
Internet currency of Internet company, QQ currency of Tencent company, q-point, voucher of Shanda company, micro currency launched by Sina (used for micro games, Sina reading, etc.), chivalrous Yuanbao (used for chivalrous road game), and silver pattern (used for bixue Qingtian game)
network virtual currency can be roughly divided into:
the first category is familiar game currency. In the era of stand-alone games, the protagonist accumulates money by knocking down the enemy, entering the gambling house to win money, and using these to buy Herbs and equipment, but it can only be used in his own game console. At that time, there was no "market" between players. Since the establishment of Internet portal and community, the realization of game networking, virtual currency has a "financial market", players can trade game currency
the second type is the special currency issued by the portal website or instant messaging service provider, which is used to purchase the services in the website. The most widely used is Tencent's q-coin, which can be used to purchase membership, QQ show and other value-added services
the third kind of virtual currency on the Internet, such as bitcoin (BTC), Wright currency (LTC), etc. bitcoin is an electronic currency proced by open-source P2P software. Some people also translate bitcoin as "bitcoin", which is a kind of network virtual currency. It is mainly used for Internet financial investment, and can also be directly used in daily life as a new currency
extended materials
strict law enforcement:
(23) enterprises engaging in online game virtual currency issuance and trading services without permission shall be investigated and dealt with by cultural administrative departments at or above the provincial level in accordance with the Interim Provisions on Internet culture management
(24) for the online game virtual currency issuing and trading service enterprises that violate the requirements of this circular, the cultural administrative department and the competent commercial department shall notify them to rectify within a time limit. Those who fail to rectify within the time limit shall be investigated and dealt with by relevant departments according to law (25) establish a coordination mechanism for the management of virtual currency in online games, and intensify the crackdown on illegal activities such as "number theft", "private service", "plug-in", illegal profits, money laundering, etc. All departments should regularly communicate, coordinate and cooperate with each other, timely report the relevant situation, and do a good job in the management of online game virtual currency within their respective responsibilities (26) the online game virtual currency issued by the online game operation enterprise shall not coincide with the name of the props in the game. The administrative provisions for props in online games shall be formulated separately by the cultural administrative department of the State Council in conjunction with relevant departmentssource: Internet virtual currency
the association is just a special institution issued by the state, which is convenient for foreign currency exchange, a special commodity economy. In addition, money is not a problem of chaos. If money circulation and the country's economic imbalance account for the proportion of total output value, it may lead to one of the two consequences, one is inflation. Second, economic crisis. The annual macro-control and evaluation of GDP determine the amount of money in the next year. In order to maintain the economic balance of the country. Now, we can think about how the virtual currency in online games came from the society. The answer is very simple, most of the money in the game through killing monsters and winning virtual technology, no game will be a special currency issue. In other words, game currency can grow indefinitely. Therefore, this game is a very common case of inflation. Similarly, other virtual items in the game only need to be added in an appropriate way (such as plug-ins), or you can ignore the daily economic law and increase infinitely. If the property is suffering from these two completely different economic laws and influences, what will be the consequences?
Business Internet cultural units refer to Internet information service providers engaged in business Internet cultural activities with the approval of cultural administrative departments and telecommunications regulatory agencies, among which business Internet cultural activities refer to profit-making activities, which obtain benefits by charging Internet users or by means of e-commerce, advertising, sponsorship, etc, Activities to provide Internet cultural procts and services. Those who engage in commercial Internet cultural activities within the territory of the people's Republic of China shall apply for the establishment of commercial Internet cultural units
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the first category is scholarships for doctoral research institutes. Students will be involved in the graate stage. The number of such scholarships is relatively small, generally one laboratory a year. For example, there are 17 laboratories in the 7 universities in Paris, and this year there are 17 scholarships. This scholarship requires students to rank in the top of their class for their postgraate grades before they can get it. In the past, it was mainly for French students, but now foreigners can get it, mainly depending on their grades and the laboratory conditions
in the second category, the scholarships granted by the French government, especially the embassies, to Chinese students are mainly for CO trained doctors. At first, there were only dozens of such scholarships, but now the number has increased greatly. This year, there are more than 100
the third category is the Eiffel scholarship. Students all over the world can apply for Eiffel scholarship, and Chinese students account for a large proportion. It is mainly aimed at students who study law, economics and engineer, and the younger the applicant, the better, mainly through school application
about how to apply, there are three points you need to pay attention to: first, I need to be excellent; Second, there are good research topics. Research topics can change with the scholarship. For example, if you want to apply for a doctoral scholarship jointly trained by the French government and the Chinese government, you need to make both parties interested in your topic. If only one party is interested and the other party is not very concerned, it is difficult to apply for a scholarship; Third, we should choose good tutors and laboratories. The general proportion is that 50% of them are self factors, 30% are topics, and 20% are tutors and laboratories. If all three are suitable, the chances of successful scholarship application will be greater. In addition, there are two important points, that is, there must be an agreement between the two organizations you apply for, which is a key point; The other is to make it clear that joint training is needed. If the above conditions are met, the chances of successful application will be great. If I am in France, I can also apply. For example, one of my students came from China Laboratory, and it happened that there was an agreement between China and France laboratories. He applied jointly in our laboratory and China Laboratory. Although the program is a little bit cumbersome, you can still try it
scholarships from the Chinese government. There used to be scholarships for graate students, but they stopped. Now there are some subsidies for further ecation personnel. At the beginning of this year, the scholarship for thesis has been restarted. I hope you can apply to the overseas study Fund Committee of the ecation department before March every year. If you apply for joint training, the insurance coefficient will be larger. In addition, the Sino French joint training doctoral school has just been established this year, with 30 scholarships. However, it has not yet been implemented, and the specific method is not clear
France also has a scholarship that is often ignored, that is, the scholarship of the French National Research Center, which is called the doctor of engineers scholarship. If you are in a laboratory of the French National Research Center, you can apply
some special scholarships. For example, the Paris region has scholarships every year. Generally, they are available in various regions. Paris municipal government has it every year, but it is very regional, mainly for international students from universities and research institutions in Shanghai and Beijing. You need to apply before May every year. Including doctoral and postdoctoral scholarship, know less students. For another example, among the scholarships of UNESCO, there are also scholarships specially for female students
some schools in France, such as science politics, and enterprises also give scholarships. But corporate scholarships are rarely given to foreigners because they involve a French interest
all of the above are scholarships for thesis. If you don't try, you will get 0 chance. If you try, your chance will be at least equal to or greater than 0. When applying, we should master the three elements mentioned above and have good tutors and laboratories<
postdoctoral scholarship:
there are postdoctoral scholarships from the National Research Center. The postdoctoral scholarship of the national scientific research center is to be named, that is to say, it is applied in the name of the laboratory, and after the application, it will be submitted to the tender. Some laboratories have applicants and some do not, so you can go to the laboratories without applicants after May every year
there are also ministries and commissions that apply before March, which is also a naming system. According to the head, the application must have the name of the applicant, and the doctoral stage must not be completed in France
all the universities. Every school should put forward a four-year plan to the Ministry of ecation. After it is approved, the school has a certain number of postdoctoral scholarships every four years, but the number is very small. There are only a few in a year, so we should strive for them
scholarships in Paris are mainly for research beneficial to both China and France, such as applied disciplines such as environment and urban construction
there is also a postdoctoral scholarship called Wang Pan Cheng, which is from Hong Kong. The number is very high, and it needs to be jointly trained students< How to apply for scholarship? In addition to the above three elements, we need to apply more. We can't hang ourselves from a tree. The specific operation of applying for scholarships should be based on the nature of scholarships and indivial conditions. It is difficult to generalize. For example, students studying economics and law should apply for Eiffel scholarship, while students studying science can apply for scholarship from the French embassy.