Euro is a virtual currency
The dollar sign is USA $, the Hong Kong dollar sign is HK $, the euro sign in the Unicode character set is euro sign, and the yen sign is JPY ￥
1. The symbol of US dollar is USA, which is the abbreviation of United States dollar and the legal tender of the United States of America. The US dollar banknotes in circulation at present are all kinds of banknotes issued since 1929. The symbol of Hong Kong dollar is HK $
The symbol of Hong Kong dollar is HK $. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority and three Hong Kong note issuing banks, including Standard Chartered Bank Limited, Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited and Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited, announced on July 20, 2010 that they will launch the new series of Hong Kong dollar notes of 2010 edition. Hong Kong has established a linked exchange rate system in which the issuance of Hong Kong dollar is linked to the US dollar. The US dollar held by the exchange fund supports the stability of Hong Kong dollar notes3. The name of euro sign in Unicode character set is euro sign; Euro symbol;, It is made up of the third letter C with two horizontal lines in the middle. The rudiment of this symbol comes from the well-known letters, so it is easy to identify. The two horizontal lines in the middle can make people think of the two lines on currency symbols such as US dollar and Japanese yen; It's European, recognizable and easy to write, plus aesthetic
The symbol of Japanese yen is JPY ￥. The symbol of yen is "￥", which is similar to that of RMB. If the two currencies want to appear at the same time, the symbol of RMB & quot&# 165;& quot; Add the words "CNY" before "JPY" or "JPY" before "JPY" to distinguish. ISO 4217, the international organization for standardization, defines the standard code as JPY (Japan yen). For example, ￥ 200 (200 円) is recorded as "JPY ￥" 
extended data:
about international foreign currency image symbols:
1 ¤ International currency symbol, used when there is no suitable currency symbol&# 3647; The symbol of Thai baht
2. The symbol of BS Venezuela Bolivar and boliviano
3. Br Belarusian ruble, Belarusian currency symbol
4; Ghana CEDI, Ghana's currency symbol
5, &8353; Koran symbol (used in Costa Rica and El Salvador)
6, &8363; Dong symbol
In the future, the GDP and foreign trade volume of the euro area will be higher than those of the United States and Japan. After the launch of the euro, the joint promotion of the unified currency and the unified market will undoubtedly bring new economic growth, making the EU in a favorable position in the competition with the United States, Japan and other economic powers
In the European Union, although a unified market has been established, the same resources, goods and services show different prices in different countries e to the existence of multiple currencies. If this phenomenon persists for a long time, it will distort the instrial structure and investment structure of various countries, which is not concive to the rational development of the big market
the disadvantages of the use of the euro as a single currency in the European Union:
1. The unification of the euro in the European Union is actually the unification of the monetary policies of the countries in the euro area and the transfer of part of their sovereignty to the European Union. Monetary policy and fiscal policy are important means for a country to adjust its economy. Now, only fiscal policy remains in the hands of each country
Only a unified monetary policy is not enough to coordinate the economic differences among countries, which is also the manifestation of the imbalance between economic integration and political integration Unification of the euro means that the interests of all countries in the euro area are tied together. Once a country has a crisis, it will inevitably involve the economic stability of the whole euro areaVicat China has internally confirmed that Vicat is "direct selling", but it has not obtained the domestic license. In the list of 61 direct selling enterprises published by the Ministry of Commerce, the reporter did not find the name of Vicat
bitcoin and other virtual currencies are open source programs, and the parameters and methods of their total amount limit are displayed in the open source code, so as to show the operation mechanism of the currency system openly and transparently. However, Vicat does not disclose its source code, which in itself violates the basic principles of virtual currency. " In addition, bitcoin and other virtual currencies are scattered transactions spontaneously formed in the market, and after the scale is formed, the third party graally establishes an exchange to complete the transaction. The Vicat is issued by itself and traded on its own platform. The so-called cooperation with the bank is nothing. Vicat currency, which has problems in basic properties, has high investment risk, so investors need to be cautious Netease News)
in the coin circle, bitcoin home and many mass media have also exposed the pyramid scheme of Vicat under the guise of bitcoin
economists point out that Vicat is a virtual currency with the nature of multi-level pyramid selling, and its investment risk is extremely high, so participants should be cautious China business website)
The euro is the currency of 18 countries in the European Union. The 18 member states of the euro are Ireland, Austria, Belgium, Germany, France, Finland, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Portugal, Spain, Greece, Italy, Slovenia, Cyprus, Malta, Slovakia, Estonia and Latvian
on January 1, 1999, the single monetary act was implemented in the European Union countries implementing the euro. In July 2002, the euro became the only legal currency in the euro area. The euro is managed by the European system of central banks (ESCB), which is composed of the European Central Bank (ECB) and the central banks of the euro area countries
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euro has a good demonstration effect on regional economic integration. European integration is the first of the world economic regionalization. In the past half century, inspired by European integration, world economic regionalization has become popular and prosperous. Today, in addition to the three major groups of EU, NAFTA and APEC, there are ASEAN and "10 + 3", South Asian economic community, South Pacific Free Trade Area, Gulf Economic Community, Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), Caribbean Economic Community, ASEAN and ASEAN South American economic community, northwest African Economic Community, Central African Economic Community, South African Economic Community and other dozens of regional economic groups
The launch and use of Euro provides a new idea for regional integration, which makes the existing regional economic integration a big step forward. With the development of monetary union, economic integration inevitably requires political union. "European Union" has become a hot topic in the EU. This new combination way, which transcends national boundaries and national economic boundaries, undoubtedly has great attraction for countries and groups, thus encouraging more countries and groups to choose the path of "monetary union". In the long run, the birth of euro has also drawn a new blueprint for international economic integration
the figure above shows the exchange rate of euro against RMB on January 7, 2016< br />
why does the European Union implement the single currency euro
it has been a long time since the idea of establishing the European economic community was first put forward and the European Union countries decided to implement the single currency euro. With the development of European economy and the trend of political integration, EU countries have graally reached a consensus and adopted the Maryo, which makes the European unified currency officially launched. The euro is the inevitable proct of the political and economic integration of the European Union
there are four main reasons why euro is implemented< (1) economic development has reached the level that a large number of multinational groups exist at the same time, and a country's economy is closely related to the world economy. The trend of regional integration and collectivization in the world is accelerating, and the international competition is more and more manifested as the competition of big countries relying on the strength of the group. Goods, capital, labor and personnel can freely circulate and flow within the EU, but as long as there is national currency, the free allocation of these proction factors will be hindered, and the objective division of money market and capital market will inevitably affect the optimal allocation of resources. Transnational economic activities require the implementation of a unified currency to facilitate transnational trade and economic exchanges 2 Rece the cost of economic and trade exchanges between EU countries. The Europeans once cited an example to illustrate the impact of different currencies on economy and Trade: ring a tour in the European Union, each country does not buy goods, but only changes its currency into that country's currency. After touring the 15 European countries, when the currency is finally converted back to the currency of the country of origin, the exchange fee and the exchange bid ask price difference have reced the original currency by nearly 50%. Therefore, it can be said that recing the cost of trade and economic exchanges is one of the purposes for EU Member States to implement a unified currency 3 The existing European monetary unit, ECU, can only serve as a standard for calculating the exchange rate between the currencies of the Member States, or as a clearing tool between the monetary authorities of the European community 4 The global competition between the EU and the United States is also an important reason for the emergence of the euro. The economic strength of a certain European country is difficult to match that of the United States. In the past decade, the development of global economy has led to fierce competition and the resolution of the East West European confrontation. The world political and economic pattern has changed. The development of objective conditions has made the political and economic union of EU countries on the basis of common interests more mature. The implementation of a unified currency in EU countries will form a broader and broader economic system A more potential European monetary capital market, the euro will become the most powerful currency in the international market to compete with the US dollar, and will also make the EU countries in a more favorable position in economic competition
What are the three main historical stages of EMU
although the primary organizational form of the European Union has appeared after World War II, the development of the European Economic and Monetary Union has gone through three main historical stages: the Treaty of Rome signed by six countries in 1957 first formed the basis of the current European economic community< In April 1989, the European Commission headed by Delors approved the report on the economic and monetary union of the European Communities (hereinafter referred to as Delors report), which formed the preliminary arrangement of the European Monetary Union The Delors report emphasizes that the EU must have three conditions: 1) free exchange of currencies of all Member States; 2) complete liberalization of capital market and integration of financial market; and 3) fixed exchange rate< In 1991, the 12 EC countries held a summit in Maastricht, the Netherlands, and adopted the Treaty of political union to implement common foreign, defense and social policies; Through the Treaty of economic and Monetary Union (EMU), it is decided to realize unified currency, central bank and monetary policy in EMU by January 1, 1999 at the latest. The above two treaties are collectively referred to as the Maastricht treaty. The signing of the treaty is a new milestone of European monetary and economic integration. According to the timetable formulated by the Ma Yue, the formation of EMU can be divided into three stages. Among them, the first two stages belong to the transitional stage, which aims to promote the cooperation, coordination and convergence of economic, monetary and fiscal policies among the European Union countries; The last stage really marks the beginning of monetary union
What are the conditions for joining EMU (i.e. five convergence criteria)
according to the relevant provisions of the Treaty of economic and monetary union, the countries that intend to obtain EMU membership need to meet the standards in the following five aspects:
(1) the annual inflation rate of the countries should not exceed 1.5 percentage points of the average of the three countries with the lowest inflation rate in the European Union. For example, according to the principle that Deutsche Bank measures the inflation rate of the 15 EU countries in 1997, Sweden (1.4%), Finland (1.4%) and Germany (1.6%) have the lowest prices, with an average annual inflation rate of 1.5%. This means that the inflation rate of countries joining EMU cannot exceed 3.0% (i.e. 1.5% + 1.5 percentage points)< (2) the national long-term interest rate (based on the yield of one-year treasury bonds) should not exceed 2 percentage points of the average interest rate of the three countries with the most stable prices in the European Union. For example, based on the 12-month treasury bond yield from March 1996 to February 1997, the long-term interest rates of Sweden, Finland and Germany, which have the lowest interest rates, are 7.9%, 6.9% and 6.2% respectively, with an average interest rate of 7.0%. Therefore, the long-term interest rate of countries joining EMU cannot exceed 9.0% (i.e. 7.0% + 2 percentage points)< (3) the total budget deficit of governments at all levels of a country should not exceed 3% of its GDP, unless the country's budget deficit has been significantly and continuously decreasing, approaching the percentage specified above, or just temporarily exceeding the standard< (4) a country's total government debt should not exceed 60% of its GDP, unless the country's government debt has decreased significantly and approached the above percentage at a faster rate< (5) the value of the country's currency has been within the range stipulated by the exchange rate mechanism of the European monetary system for at least the past two years ± 15%); In particular, ring the same period, the country could not take the initiative to rece its bilateral central exchange rate with any member of the European Union
what is Euro
euro is the common currency to be used by countries in the euro area. At present, there are 11 EU countries in the euro area that voluntarily use the euro as the unified currency. These countries are Austria, Belgium, Germany, France, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, etc., referred to as "countries in the euro area". From January 1, 1999...... http://www.hoodong.com/gethisfile.do?doc_ his_ id=2000000000169834&dochis_ edit_ id=1
there are eight kinds of euro coins: 1 euro cent, 2 euro cent, 5 euro cent, 10 euro cent, 20 euro cent, 50 euro cent, 1 yuan, 2 yuan
tipping, you can also give a few 1 yuan. It mainly depends on how your boss likes to give you.
There are two pricing methods for exchange rate: direct pricing method and indirect pricing method
The direct pricing method, also known as the payable pricing method, is to calculate how many units of domestic currency should be paid based on the foreign currency of a certain unit (1, 100, 1000, 10000). It is equivalent to calculating how much local currency should be paid for purchasing a certain unit of foreign currency, so it is called payable pricing method. Most countries in the world, including China, adopt the direct pricing method at present. In the international foreign exchange market, Japanese yen, Swiss franc and Canadian dollar are all directly priced, such as Japanese yen 119.05, that is, one dollar against 119.05 yen. Under the direct pricing method, if the amount of foreign currency converted into local currency of a certain unit is more than that of the previous period, it means that the value of foreign currency rises or the value of local currency falls, which is called the rise of foreign exchange rate; On the contrary, if you want to use less local currency than before, you can exchange the same amount of foreign currency, which means that the value of foreign currency falls or the value of local currency rises, which is called the decline of foreign exchange rate, that is, the value of foreign currency is directly proportional to the rise and fall of exchange rate indirect pricing method
is also called receivable pricing method. It is based on a certain unit (such as a unit) of the domestic currency as the standard, to calculate a number of units of foreign currency receivable. In the international foreign exchange market, euro, pound sterling and Australian dollar are all indirect pricing methods. For example, euro 0.9705 means one euro to US $0.9705. In indirect pricing method, the amount of domestic currency remains unchanged, while the amount of foreign currency changes with the change of domestic currency value. If the amount of foreign currency that a certain amount of local currency can exchange is less than that in the previous period, it means that the value of foreign currency rises and the value of local currency falls, that is, the foreign exchange rate falls; On the contrary, if a certain amount of local currency can be converted into more foreign currency than in the previous period, it means that the value of foreign currency decreases and the value of local currency rises, that is, the foreign exchange rate rises, that is, the value of foreign currency is inversely proportional to the rise and fall of the exchange rate. The quotation in the foreign exchange market is generally two-way quotation, that is, the bidder will quote his own buying price and selling price at the same time, and the customer will decide the buying and selling direction by himself. The smaller the difference between the bid price and the offer price, the smaller the cost for investors. The quotation spread of inter-bank transactions is normally 2-3 points. The quotation spread of banks (or dealers) to customers varies greatly according to different situations. At present, the quotation spread of foreign margin transactions is basically 3-5 points, that of Hong Kong is 6-8 points, and that of domestic banks is 10-40 points