Hook machine loading skills

5.

1、 Loading

excavator loading is the simplest and most commonly used excavator operation. The operation skills of loading are as follows:

1. The body should be in a horizontal and stable position, otherwise it is difficult to accurately control the rotary unloading, so as to prolong the operation cycle time

2. Keep a proper distance between the body and the truck to prevent the rear part of the body from colliding with the truck when turning 180 degrees

3. Try to load the truck with left rotation, so as to have a wide field of vision and high operation efficiency. At the same time, correctly grasp the rotation angle, so as to rece the time for rotation.

2

For example, when the bucket cylinder and the connecting rod, the stick cylinder and the stick are 90 degrees each other, the digging force is the largest

When the angle between the bucket teeth and the ground is 30 degrees, the digging force is the best, that is, the cutting resistance is the least

When digging with the stick, the angle range of the stick should be between 45 degrees from the front to 30 degrees from the back. Using boom and bucket at the same time can improve the digging efficiency

Crushing hammer is also widely used in excavators, whether in house demolition or in mines

First of all, the hammer should be placed vertically on the object to be broken. At the beginning of crushing operation, raise the big and small arms first

2. When crushing, the crushing drill rod should be pressed on the crushing material all the time, so that the oil cylinders of big and small arms can be stretched out, so as to rece the damage to the oil cylinder

development data:

1. After the excavator enters the construction site, the driver should first observe the geological conditions of the working face and the surrounding environment, and there should be no obstacles within the rotation radius of the excavator, so as to avoid scratch or damage to the vehicle

2. After the machine is started, it is forbidden for any person to stand in the bucket, on the shovel arm and on the crawler to ensure safe proction

3. During the operation of the excavator, no one is allowed to work, stay or walk within the radius of gyration or under the bucket. Non drivers are not allowed to touch and move in the cab and train drivers, so as to avoid damage to electrical equipment

4. When the excavator is moving, the driver should observe and whistle first, and then move, so as to avoid safety accidents caused by someone at the side of the machine. The position after moving should ensure that there is no obstacle in the rotating radius of the excavator, and illegal operation is strictly prohibited

5. After the work, move the excavator away from the low-lying place or the edge of the trench, park it on the flat ground, close the doors and windows and lock it

6. The driver must do a good job in the daily maintenance, overhaul and maintenance of the equipment, make daily records in the use of the equipment, and report to the repair department in time if there is a problem with the vehicle

7. The cab must be clean and tidy, and the body surface must be clean, free of st and oil; Form the habit of cleaning the car after work

8. Drivers should make daily shift records in time, make statistics on the work content of the day, handle the formalities for odd work or odd items outside the project in time, and make records for the use of account settlement

9. Drivers are strictly prohibited to drink at noon and drive after drinking ring the working period. If found, they will be given economic punishment, and the economic losses caused will be borne by themselves

10. For man-made vehicle damage, it is necessary to analyze the causes, find out the problems, distinguish the responsibilities, and carry out economic punishment according to the degree of responsibility

11. Excavator operation belongs to special operation, so special operation license is needed to drive the excavator

12. Maintenance is a taboo

6. Open pit coal mine does not necessarily need how long driving experience, as long as you open the excavator technology is good, especially loading fast on the line, the disadvantage is that the time is relatively long, 10 to 12 hours, the minimum excavator is 360

7. ‍&# 8205; Digging is the most important work of excavator. There are many skills when driving excavator, which can directly affect the efficiency of work. When digging, there is a skill, which is generally based on the stick cylinder, supplemented by the boom cylinder. The angle of the bucket teeth should be adjusted according to the trajectory of the stick. Bucket teeth must be inserted into the soil like a knife cutting vegetables, rather than patted into the soil. When it is inserted to a certain depth, the hook is completed and the arm is lifted. It's a perfect dig&# 8205;&# 8205;

8. Komatsu pc120-6 original imported machine with one cylinder and one cover is second-hand, which generally costs about 400000 in Shenzhen market. It is suggested to recruit a knowledgeable person to go to the market to buy 3-hand excavators. Generally, Sumitomo sh120-a1 / A2 is between 220000 and 280000. The quality is already very good. Note that the difference between sh100 and SH120 is very small, so we should distinguish them carefully. There are three kinds of Komatsu pc120-6, and the price difference of each kind is very big. You can see the computer and the monitor
3. The difference between SH120 and sh100 is that SH120 has a supercharger and a slightly longer arm. Komatsu single time, two ECU is the first, Komatsu al time large LCD integration ECU is environmental protection type, this machine in - 6 as the second generation, Komatsu al time small LCD integration ECU, generator is a cylinder with a cover, is the last generation of - 6, and then down is - 7
4. First look at the appearance. There is no big bump, fracture, original paint, serious walking wear, oil leakage in various parts, etc. then try to start the car, whether the cold car starts well, whether the instrument, electrical and computer work normally, whether the engine speed drops when the engine is loaded, whether the exhaust smoke is large, whether the speed is stable, and whether the car is choked ring operation, It depends on the experience of the test driver whether there is noise in the rotary walking and whether the speed is much worse than normal. After the test, check the oil leakage of each part. As for the wear and tear in the shovel mentioned above, it can be replaced. Now a bucket is only four or five thousand. I've bought several machines, and I'll give you some experience. That's seven points of experience and three points of luck. I hope you can buy a good car! 6. Novice learning: hitachi-2 / 3 common circuit fault solving engine hold up:
1. First check the resistance of the two solenoid valves, and then replace the two high-speed solenoid valves if there is no problem, the engine will change from hold up to slow down. Check the solenoid valve, and one solenoid valve is sure to be damaged or blocked.
solution: clean first, and it is useless to replace it.
2. The engine is still hold up, Check whether the circuit from the computer to the solenoid valve is open, and check whether the d2101 control tube inside the computer is damaged. If it is damaged, check whether the circuit is short circuited.
solution: replace the d2101 and deal with the short circuited part. 3. Observe whether the indicator light of the PVC computer flickers normally (whether it is on or not is abnormal). If it is on for a long time, 90% of the CPU of the main computer is damaged and not on, To check whether the 10 ohm 4-watt resistance of the main computer is open, if it is not open and the resistance is seriously hot, please check the 5V peripheral circuit.
solution: check the A / P / DP sensor, in which the a sensor is more likely to be damaged. 4. When the computer, solenoid valve and a / P / DP sensor are normal, and the car is still holding, remove the EC computer or disconnect the communication connection between EC and PVC, If it is normal, check whether the speed sensor or the associated circuit is damaged. Solution: replace the speed sensor or check the sensor circuit
8. [quote] [b] the following is the speech of entertainment excavator on March 24, 2006 15:44:11: [/ b]
1. Operation technology should first confirm the surrounding conditions. When turning, be aware of the surrounding obstacles and terrain and operate safely; During operation, confirm the front and rear direction of the track to avoid tipping or impact; Try not to face the final drive to the excavation direction, otherwise it is easy to damage the walking motor or hose; During operation, the left and right crawlers should be fully contacted with the ground to improve the dynamic stability of the whole machine. 2. When the bucket cylinder and connecting rod, stick cylinder and stick are 90 degrees each other, the digging force is the largest; When the bucket teeth keep a 30 degree angle with the ground, the digging force is the best, that is, the cutting resistance is the least; When digging with the stick, ensure that the angle range of the stick is from the front 45 degrees to the back 30 degrees. Using boom and bucket at the same time can improve the digging efficiency. 3. Excavating rock with bucket will cause great damage to the machine, which should be avoided as far as possible; When it is necessary to excavate, the position of the machine body should be adjusted according to the crack direction of the rock, so that the bucket can be smoothly shoveled in and excavated; Insert the bucket teeth into the rock cracks, and excavate with the digging force of the stick and bucket (pay attention to the slippage of the bucket teeth); The rock that has not been broken should be broken before digging with bucket. 4. The machine should be placed flat on the ground to prevent the body from shaking. It is very important to control the speed of the boom and the stick. 5. The body of loading operation should be in a horizontal and stable position, otherwise it is difficult to accurately control the rotary unloading, so as to prolong the operation cycle time; Keep a proper distance between the body and the truck to prevent the rear part of the body from colliding with the truck when turning 180 degrees; Try to install the left rotation as far as possible, so that the vision is wide and the operation efficiency is high. At the same time, it is necessary to correctly grasp the rotation angle, so as to rece the time for rotation; The position of the truck is lower than that of the excavator to shorten the lifting time of the boom, and the line of sight is good; First load sand, gravel, and then place large stones, which can rece the impact on the car. 6. When working in soft soil zone or in water, it is necessary to know the degree of soil compaction, and pay attention to limit the excavation scope of bucket, so as to prevent landslide, collapse and other accidents, as well as deep car body subsidence. When working in water, pay attention to the allowable water depth range of the car body (the water surface should be below the center of the carrier roller); If the water level is high, the internal lubrication of slewing bearing will be poor e to the entry of water, the engine fan blade will be damaged e to the impact of water, and the electrical circuit components will be short circuited or open circuit e to the invasion of water. 7. When lifting operation is carried out by hydraulic excavator, the surrounding conditions of lifting site shall be confirmed, high-strength hook and wire rope shall be used, and special lifting device shall be used as far as possible; The operation mode should be micro operation mode, and the action should be slow and balanced; If the length of the rope is appropriate and too long, the swing of the object will be large and difficult to control accurately; The position of the bucket should be adjusted correctly to prevent the steel wire from slipping off; The construction personnel should not be close to the lifting objects as far as possible to prevent danger e to improper operation. 8. The stability of the machine can not only improve the working efficiency and prolong the service life of the machine, but also ensure the safe operation (put the machine on a flat ground); The stability of the driving sprocket at the rear side is better than that at the front side, and it can prevent the final drive from being impacted by external force; Track on the ground wheelbase is always greater than the track, so the forward working stability is good, to avoid side operation as far as possible; It is necessary to keep the excavation point close to the machine to improve the stability and stability of the excavator; If the digging point is far away from the machine, the operation will be unstable because the center of gravity moves forward; The stability of lateral excavation is worse than that of forward excavation. If the excavation point is far away from the center of the body, the machine will be more unstable. Therefore, a suitable distance should be kept between the excavation point and the center of the body to make the operation balanced and efficient. 9. It should be noted that there is a buffer device inside the operating hydraulic cylinder, which can graally release the back pressure near the end of the stroke; If the piston is subjected to impact load after reaching the end of stroke, it will directly touch the cylinder head or bottom, which is easy to cause accidents. Therefore, the clearance should be left as far as possible at the end of stroke. Using rotary action to push soil will cause abnormal stress of bucket and working device, resulting in distortion or weld cracking, and even pin shaft breaking. This kind of operation should be avoided as far as possible. Using the weight of the body to excavate will cause the abnormal stress state of the slewing bearing, at the same time, it will proce strong vibration and impact on the chassis, so the application of hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic pipeline will cause great damage. When loading and unloading heavy materials such as rocks, they should be unloaded near the bottom of the truck compartment, or they should be loaded with soil first, and then loaded with rocks. It is forbidden to unload at high altitude, so as to rece the impact damage to the truck. When the track is deep in the mud, put a board under the bucket, use the bottom end of the bucket to support the track, and then put a board under the track to drive the machine out. 10. When walking correctly, the working device should be put away as far as possible and close to the center of the body to maintain stability; Put the final drive behind to protect the final drive. Try to avoid driving over obstacles such as stumps and rocks to prevent the track from twisting; If you have to drive over an obstacle, make sure the track center is on the obstacle. When passing through the mound, the chassis is always supported by the working device to prevent the car body from shaking violently or even overturning. Avoid idling the engine on steep slope for a long time, otherwise poor lubrication will be caused by the change of oil level angle. If the machine runs for a long distance, it will cause high temperature inside the supporting wheel and final drive e to long-time rotation, decrease oil viscosity and poor lubrication. Therefore, it is necessary to shut down the machine frequently to cool down and prolong the service life of the lower body. It is forbidden to dig by driving force, otherwise excessive load will lead to early wear or damage of final drive, crawler and other parts. When walking uphill, the driving wheel should be behind to increase the adhesion of the track. When walking downhill, the driving wheel should be in front to tighten the upper track, so as to prevent the car body from sliding forward under the action of gravity when parking. When walking on the slope, the working device should be placed in the front to ensure safety. After stopping, gently insert the bucket into the ground, and lower the block on the track. When walking and turning on steep slopes, you should slow down, turn the left track backward when turning left, and turn the right track backward when turning right, which can rece the risk of turning on slopes. 11. The correct crushing operation should first place the hammer head vertically on the object to be crushed. At the beginning of crushing operation, lift the front car body about 5cm. When crushing, the crushing head should always press on the crushed materials. When the non crushed materials have been crushed, the crushing operation should be stopped immediately. During crushing, the hammer head will change direction graally e to vibration, so the bucket cylinder should be adjusted at any time to make the hammer head direction perpendicular to the surface of the crushing object. When the hammer can not break into the broken object, the broken position should be changed; Do not break continuously for more than one minute in the next place, otherwise not only the hammer head will be damaged, but also the oil temperature will rise abnormally; For hard objects, they should be broken graally from the edge. It is strictly forbidden to use the hydraulic hammer horizontally or upward and use the hydraulic hammer as a chisel
the purpose of regular maintenance of excavators is to rece machine failures and prolong machine service life; Rece machine downtime; Improve work efficiency and rece operating costs. As long as the fuel, lubricating oil, water and air are well managed, the fault can be reced by 70%. In fact, about 70% of the failures are caused by poor management. 1. The management of fuel oil should select different brands of diesel oil according to different ambient temperature; Diesel oil should not be mixed with impurities, lime soil and water, otherwise the fuel pump will be worn prematurely; The content of paraffin and sulfur in inferior fuel is high, which will damage the engine; After daily operation, the fuel tank should be filled with fuel to prevent water droplets on the inner wall of the tank; Open the drain valve at the bottom of the fuel tank to drain water before daily operation; Exhaust the air in the pipeline after the engine runs out of fuel or the filter element is replaced. 2. Management of other oils, including engine oil, hydraulic oil, gear oil, etc; Different brands and grades of oil should not be mixed; Different kinds of excavator oil added in the proction process plays a chemical or physical role

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