Sinter automatic detector

1. 1. The concept of sintering

a series of physicochemical changes are made on the sintering equipment after mixing and pelletizing all kinds of powdery iron containing raw materials with appropriate amount of fuel and flux and adding appropriate amount of water< At present, the belt type suction sintering machine is widely used to proce sinter. The technological process of sintering proction is shown in Fig. 2-4. It mainly includes the preparation of sintering material, proportioning and mixing, sintering and proct treatment<
process flow of exhaust sintering

> preparation of sintering raw materials

① iron containing raw materials

high iron content, particle size & lt; 5mm ore powder, iron concentrate, blast furnace st, steel sheet, steel slag, etc

it is generally required that the raw material containing iron should have high grade, stable composition and less impurities

② flux

it requires high content of effective Cao, less impurities, stable composition, about 3% water content and more than 90% particle size less than 3mm in flux

adding a certain amount of dolomite into the sinter can make the sinter contain appropriate MgO, which has a good effect on the sintering process and can improve the quality of sinter

③ the fuel

is mainly coke powder and anthracite

the requirements for fuel are high fixed carbon content, low ash content, low volatile matter, low sulfur content, stable composition, water content less than 10%, and more than 95% of the particles with particle size less than 3mm

see table 2-2 for general requirements of raw materials for sintering<

General requirements of raw materials for sintering into the plant

● proportioning and mixing

① proportioning

proportioning purpose: to obtain sinter with stable chemical composition and physical properties to meet the requirements of blast furnace smelting

commonly used batching methods: Volume batching method and mass batching method

Volumetric Batching method is based on the condition that the bulk density of materials is constant and the mass of raw materials is proportional to the volume. The accuracy is poor

the quality batching method is based on the quality of raw materials. The specific volume proct method is accurate and easy to realize automation

② mixing

mixing purpose: to make the composition of sinter uniform, the moisture content appropriate, and easy to pelletize, so as to obtain the sinter mixture with good particle size composition, so as to ensure the quality of sinter and improve the output

mixing operation: wetting with water, blending and pelletizing

according to the different properties of raw materials, one mixing or two mixing processes can be used

the purpose of one-time mixing: wetting and mixing, and preheating the material when heating the return ore

the purpose of secondary mixing is to continue mixing and pelletizing, so as to improve the permeability of sinter layer

when sintering with rich ore powder with particle size of 10-omm, because its particle size has reached the requirement of pelletizing, one-time mixing is adopted, and the mixing time is about 50s

when fine grinding concentrate powder is used for sintering, because the particle size is too fine and the permeability of material bed is poor, in order to improve the permeability, pelletizing must be made in the mixing process, so the secondary mixing is adopted, and the mixing time is generally not less than 2.5 ~ 3min<

most sintering plants in China adopt secondary mixing< Sintering operation is the central link of sintering proction, which includes feeding, ignition, sintering and other main processes

① distribution

the operation of laying the bottom material and mixture on the sintering machine trolley

when the bedding material process is adopted, a layer of small sinter with particle size of 10-25 mm and thickness of 20-25 mm is laid as bedding material before the mixture is laid. The purpose is to protect the grate, rece the st removal load, prolong the service life of the fan rotor, and rece or eliminate the slag on the grate

after the bottom material is laid, the cloth is distributed. The size and chemical composition of the mixture should be evenly distributed along the vertical and horizontal direction of the trolley, with certain looseness and smooth surface

at present, the round roller distributor is widely used

② ignition

ignition operation is to ignite the material layer surface on the trolley and make it burn

sufficient ignition temperature, suitable high temperature holding time and uniform ignition along the trolley width are required for ignition

the ignition temperature depends on the melting temperature of sintering procts. It is usually controlled at 1250 ± 50℃ < The ignition time is usually 40-60s

ignition vacuum is 4-6kpa< The ignition depth is 10-20 mm

③ sintering

accurately control the air volume, vacuum degree, material layer thickness, machine speed and sintering end point

sintering air volume: the average air volume required per ton of sinter is 3200m3, which is (70-90) m3 / (cm2. Min) according to the sintering area

Vacuum Degree: it depends on the capacity of the fan, the resistance of the exhaust system, the permeability of the material layer and the air leakage loss

material layer thickness: appropriate material layer thickness should combine high yield with high quality. The thickness of material layer is 250-500mm

machine speed: the proper machine speed should ensure that the sinter is thoroughly burned at the predetermined sintering end point. In actual proction, the speed of the machine is generally controlled at 1.5 ~ 4 m / min

judgment and control of sintering end point: control the sintering end point, that is, control the position of the trolley when the sintering process is completed. The end point of small and medium sintering machine is generally controlled at the penultimate bellows, while that of large sintering machine is controlled at the penultimate bellows

the sintering process of belt sintering machine is carried out from top to bottom. The temperature change along the height of the material layer can be generally divided into five layers, and the reaction change in each layer is shown in Fig. 2-5. After ignition, sinter layer, combustion layer, preheating layer, drying layer and over wet layer appear successively. Then the last four layers disappear one after another, and finally only the sinter layer is left< After ignition at high temperature, the fuel in the sinter gives off a lot of heat, which makes the minerals in the sinter melt. With the combustion layer moving down and cold air passing through, the molten liquid phase is cooled and recrystallized (1000-1100 ℃) to solidify into sinter with mesh structure

the main change of this layer is the solidification of the melt, accompanied by crystallization and precipitation of new minerals, the cold air inhaled is preheated, and the sinter is cooled at the same time, and the low valent oxides may be reoxidized when contacting with the air

② combustion layer

the fuel burns in this layer, and the temperature is as high as 1350 ~ 1600 ℃, which makes the minerals soften, melt and bond into lumps

in addition to the combustion reaction, the melting, rection and oxidation of solid materials and the decomposition of limestone and sulfide occur in this layer

③ preheating layer

the mixture in the lower part is preheated to the ignition temperature quickly by the high temperature exhaust gas from the combustion layer, which is generally 400 ~ 800 ℃

solid state reaction begins in this layer, crystal water and part of carbonate and sulfate decompose, and magnetite is oxidized locally< (4) the drying layer is heated by the waste gas from the preheating layer, and the temperature of the drying layer quickly rises to above 100 ℃. A large amount of free water in the mixture evaporates, and the thickness of this layer is generally 10-30mm

in fact, it is difficult to separate the drying layer from the preheating layer, which can be collectively referred to as the drying preheating layer

the pellets in this layer are heated rapidly and dried rapidly, which is easy to be damaged and worsen the permeability of the layer

⑤ over wet layer

the hot waste gas from the dry layer contains a lot of water. When the material temperature is lower than the dew point temperature of the water vapor, the water vapor in the waste gas will re condense, which makes the water in the mixture increase greatly and form over wet layer

too much water in this layer will deteriorate the permeability of the material layer and rece the sintering speed

basic chemical reactions in sintering process

① combustion reaction of solid carbon

the combustion reaction of solid carbon is as follows:
after reaction, C0 and C02 are generated, and part of resial oxygen is proced, which provides oxidation-rection gas and heat for other reactions

the composition of the exhaust gas proced by combustion depends on the sintering raw material conditions, fuel consumption, the development of rection and oxidation reactions, and the composition of the gas pumped through the combustion layer

② decomposition and mineralization of carbonates

the carbonates in sinter are CaC03, mgc03, fec03, mnc03, etc., among which CaC03 is the main one. Under sintering conditions, CaC03 begins to decompose at about 720 ℃, and chemical boiling begins at 880 ℃. The decomposition temperature of other carbonates is lower

the decomposition proct Ca0 of calcium carbonate can react with other minerals in the sinter to form new compounds, which is mineralization. The reaction formula is:

CaCO3 + SiO2 = CaSiO3 + CO2

CaCO3 + Fe2O3 = Cao · Fe2O3 + CO2

if the mineralization is not complete, there will be resial free Ca0. During storage, it will digest with the water in the atmosphere:

CaO + H2O = Ca (OH) 2

make the volume of sinter expand and pulverize<

③ decomposition, rection and oxidation of iron and manganese oxides

under sintering conditions, Fe203 can decompose when the temperature is higher than 1300 ℃

Fe304 can decompose when the sintering temperature is lower than 1300 ℃

I don't know if it can meet your needs?

2. Heavy position means that in financial transactions, a high proportion of money in the financial account enters the financial market, while the proportion of the balance in the financial account is small
full position is a proper term for stock market. Position mainly refers to the proportion of funds used in the securities fund account, which can be divided into light position, half position, heavy position and full position according to different degrees. Full position operation generally means that all funds are bought into stocks, and the remaining funds are not enough to buy 100 current stocks
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3. It's a game. Then, one of the characteristics of this game is to let you watch some advertisements crazily. Then, this game is divided into two kinds of playing methods, one is to play. It's a kind of dynamic play that forbids others to play. The dynamic play is that you pull more people to watch the game, and then what? You will raise 10% to 20% of other people's harvest, and then the way Jintai plays is the degree of a day when you brush quietly. Well, it may be a very long process to get some autographs.

4. Just search. Game version:
Chinese version
invincible version
English version
abnormal version
Christmas version
Magic version
spoof version
food version
Chunge version
military version
annual version
lemon version
Great Wall version
ice version
Star Wars version
community version
Oriental version
chuyin version
year of sheep version
Kingdom version
ol version
journey to the West version < B R / > my world version
ghost animal star version
at present, there are only such versions
in fact, there are only two official versions of PopCap, namely, the original version of plants vs zombies and the annual version of plants vs zombies
if the building owner has played the former, I will only talk about the features of the annual version:
(the modifications of the annual version are all based on the original version, which is what I said earlier, that is, plants vs zombies)
1 replace the dead Jackson King zombie with another dance zombie, whose feature is that it will not slip out of the stage, and only walk 0.75 grid will summon dance accompaniment
2 add achievement system, need to unlock
3 you can make your own flag holding zombies, which are the ones who take the flag first when a large wave of zombies appear
download address: after entering VeryCD, search for Plants vs. Zombies
other military versions, magic versions and so on are all modified in Chinese, which is just mischievous
the Great Wall edition is revised annually.

5. I have cards in both banks, one for saving and the other for brushing. Ordinary use is not to spend any fees, do not consider the issue of fees. For BOC, the problem to consider is which city you are in. If you are not in London, some proceres will be more troublesome. You can only deposit money in the check book at the counter of HSBC, and you can only change the password in the machine of NatWest. There is no handling charge for Bank of China's domestic card to remit money to the Bank of China in the UK. If your family wants to make money regularly, you can do a bank of China card
for Barclays, the service attitude and quality of our local bank staff are very good, they have not encountered any problems, and they use it very smoothly. In addition, there is a business of directly helping you open two cards for one account, one for saving and one for swiping, which is also free of charge (just ask the bank for details), However, there is a handling charge for international remittances from British banks

most ATMs and shops in the UK can be swiped free of charge by any bank, so the convenience of daily life is the same
in a word, if you pay regularly in China, how harmless is it to open a local card in order to integrate into the British society.

6. I have worked in the branch of Standard Chartered (China) and the headquarters of Standard Chartered (China). I think the quality of Standard Chartered depends on whether you are a foreigner or not. ha-ha. Compared with my current job, Standard Chartered's income is very low, except for the salary of more than ten thousand, there are no other benefits and subsidies. Under the salary of more than 10000 yuan, we have to dect taxes, X gold, X gold, and pay for the fixed expenses of life (rent, food, etc., no working meals, no subsidies). In fact, we don't have much money

I do business, which is a position with high payment and high return in any company. However, compared with my current bank, my overdraft in Standard Chartered is far from worth the monthly salary of over ten thousand yuan

some people say that it is comfortable for foreign investors to do administration. Yes, administration is comfortable, and they can work on time. However, in Shanghai, the salary of Standard Chartered Chinese administrative staff is definitely lower than that of the city. Chinese executives, unless you can tolerate the level of regional head, are no more than 2W for more than a month (before tax) and 1w5-1w8 after tax. And it's rare that I can go from M-level to B-level in Standard Chartered. I don't know much about it at present. Except for several Chinese bosses in Standard Chartered Greater China, I don't find any divine person around me who has done it
it's normal for any corporate account manager of a Chinese bank to earn 1W + a month when all the subsidies + income + are added up in a mess
so, before you can enre big head (at least if you have a good life for 5 years, I don't know if you have a bad life), I'll tell you the income of some positions:

personal assistance (similar to Secretary, only big head), 2000-3000
sales assistance (in fact, it's office + miscellaneous) 2000-2500
sales (CB, Sb, m14-m15) 5000-6000
sales (CB, me, M14-M15 6000-1W2
Sales team leader M15-m16 8000-1W5
the flexibility is great. The income of team leader mainly depends on the level. The income of M18 is nearly 2W<
credit assistance 3000
RSH 2w4
operations 2000-5000,
most of the operations in Shanghai are concentrated in 4000 +
teller, 5W / year

the sales revenue of WB is slightly higher than that of CB

these incomes are pre tax, average, accurate to the thousandth place< The average proportion of tax dection and 5-fund is 20%. You can get 0.8% of the net value of other positions except for tellers.

Standard Chartered's Chinese employee benefits are Standard Chartered's British stock, which is equivalent to options, and employees can enjoy 3% interest rate on housing loans. If it's head level, I'll send you a rental subsidy, and I'll send you a Blackberry mobile phone to send and receive work e-mails at any time (of course, it's head, but ordinary office doesn't have it)

my colleagues are many Singaporeans, Malaysians and Taiwanese. I haven't worked in the branch there, but according to them, their situation is similar to that here, so they work hard, Apply for sending abroad with excellent job. In this way, as foreigners, they enjoy a lot of subsidies

in addition, the working hours of operations and sales of Standard Chartered are very long. Working until dark is basically the normal situation every day, which may be the same for foreign investors

after working in Standard Chartered, I feel that the degree of localization of Standard Chartered is not high, so it is not competitive in China's financial market. The foreign exchange business processing ability and professional knowledge popularization of operations are far worse than those of local banks such as Bank of China, CITIC and China Merchants. Many business operations have never been contacted, so they don't know how to operate at all, and some policies of safe and the people's Bank of China are also uncertain. The only advantage of Standard Chartered is the development of overseas channels, but now the local banking instry begins to expand overseas, the difference will be smaller and smaller

IT department is a leisure position. When I was in Standard Chartered, it was a very comfortable position. Because many systems of Standard Chartered have special it center maintenance, you don't need to bother the IT staff in the office next door. If there is a problem with the notebook, you can call the Indian IT center directly. It as long as do a good job in daily office electronic equipment maintenance, staff laptop maintenance, basically No. Of course, there may be other things. I didn't see the IT clerk next door do it. Every time I go to his office, he's messing with new employees' laptops

as for what you said about Barclays, I haven't been here, so it's hard to evaluate. Standard Chartered information is provided to you, I hope you can make reference.

7. There is no baleck bank in the UK, but there is a bank called Barclays. If you look at the Premier League, you will find that it is actually the title sponsor of the Premier League. The bank is both a commercial bank and an investment bank.

after the collapse of Lehman, he acquired the North American business and buildings of Lehman