Guichi mine in Xinjiang
the 90000 T / a reconstruction and expansion project of the west well of the coal mine is located at the West Bank of Kuqa River, about 100km northeast of Kuqa County,
the scale of the mine is expanded from 30000 T / A to 90000 T / A, and the mine area is about 1.085km2. The mine development mode is adit mixed inclined shaft development. The coal mining method is the full height mining method with the hydraulic support of long wall hinged top beam blasting. The construction contents mainly include underground proction system, lifting system, ground proction system, heating system, ventilation system, water supply and drainage system, power supply system, auxiliary proction facilities, administrative welfare facilities and environmental protection facilities. The total investment of the reconstruction and expansion project is 39.62 million yuan, of which the environmental protection investment is 690000 yuan, accounting for 1.74% of the total investment. The project was started in November 2005 and completed in May 2009
issued by the Department of environmental protection of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on November 12, 2010
The town is rich in resources, with a large pyrophyllite mineral resources, mining area of 2.1 square kilometers, proven reserves of more than 100 million tons, is the world's second and Asia's first "wax city", known as the "world wax city"; It has abundant water resources (Taishou River and Shiyang River), and can develop more than 210000 kilowatts of water resources; The territory also has rich mineral resources of diabase
In recent years, foreign authorities have investigated 1200 experts, scholars and tourists from more than 60 countries around the world and come to an understanding of Xinjiang. Among the mysteries and miracles of Xinjiang, the mining civilization in ancient times flourished. Why can we find beautiful jade in Kunlun Mountain 6000 years ago and create such brilliant brilliance in Chinese culture? Why did you know chalcocite 2500 years ago and create the miracle of copper mining and smelting? Why is it that coal was used to make iron in the distant Han and Jin Dynasties, and China's first iron making instry was founded in the iron age? Perhaps we can appreciate the charm of ancient mining civilization in Xinjiang in solving these problems
The unique confluence of the four major cultural systems in the world is closely related to human survival and development on the earth and mineral resources. Early human civilization was divided by the types of tools used, and tools depended on the discovery of mineral resources. In 1849, according to the types of tools used by human beings, Danish archaeologist Thomson divided them into stone age, bronze age and iron age. However, the development of different regions has its own characteristics. Xinjiang is located in the hinterland of Asia and Europe and has a special position. As Ji Xianlin, a famous Chinese scholar, pointed out, "the only place where the four major cultural systems converge in the world is Xinjiang. These four cultural systems are: Chinese cultural system, Indian cultural system, Islamic cultural system and European and American cultural system. These four cultural systems have been created by people of all countries and nationalities in the world for thousands of years, and are the crystallization of human wisdom. " It is Xinjiang's unique position that has made a unique contribution to the Chinese cultureit is Xinjiang's unique position that makes Xinjiang create brilliant mining culture in the stone age, bronze age and iron age, among which jade culture, bronze culture and iron culture are the most prominent. What's the secret of these cultures
2. The long history of Meiyu
in the Neolithic age, the ancestors living in Kunlun Mountain found a kind of beautiful stone in the river, which was delicate, moist, glossy and very hard. This kind of stone is called "jade". The discovery of this beautiful jade rewrites the jade culture history of the Chinese nation
The age of the discovery of Kunlun jade is still an unsolved mystery. According to the author's preliminary study, it has a long history of about 6000 years. This time is not the earliest in China's jade history, but it has been enring for 6000 years. Among the jade in the world, Kunlun jade may be the only one The name of Kunlun jade has also undergone a long evolution. Kunlun jade was first named "jade", which appeared in oracle bone inscriptions and historical documents of all dynasties. There are many kinds of jade in our country. In order to distinguish them, Kunlun jade also has the saying of "real jade", "Lang" and "Yu's jade". However, it is still the name named after the place where the jade was proced that has spread for a long time. During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Kunlun Mountain was named "Kunshan jade", which was one of the three national treasures at that time. Later, it was named "Yutian jade" after the state of Khotan, which proced jade. In the early Qing Dynasty, Khotan was changed to Hetian, which was called Hetian jade. In 1959, the simplified Chinese characters changed "Hetian" to "Hetian", so it was called "Hetian jade". Therefore, Hetian jade is a traditional name with a long history in China Hetian jade is different from other minerals in that it is not only material, but also social and spiritual. It has played an important role in the Chinese national culture when it came to the stage of history. It has played a brilliant role in the splendid jade culture and is well-known both at home and abroad About the Shang Dynasty, Hetian jade had already ascended the dominant position of Chinese jade and was known as the elite of Chinese jade. Hetian jade has been highly appraised in Chinese ancient literature. Qu Yuan, a great patriotic poet, had a dream: "to climb Kunlun Mountain, to eat jade, to live longer than heaven and earth, and to be as bright as the sun and the moon." Li Shizhen, a famous pharmacist in Ming Dynasty, praised and said: "there are many places where jade is proced, especially in Khotan." Professor Joseph Needham of UK, who is famous all over the world for studying the history of Chinese science and technology, said: "the love of jade is one of the characteristics of Chinese culture."“ Hetian and Yeerqiang in Xinjiang are the main and perhaps the only jade procing centers in the past two thousand years. " Nowadays, Hotan jade is more famous in the world. It has become one of the candidate stones of "national stone" in China and the jade material for the emblem of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games The splendid Hetian jade culture is broad and profound, showing a variety of colors in the Chinese culture. What kind of magical functions does Hetian jade have in historyorigin of ancient Chinese Civilization: China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world. Jade is a symbol of the origin of Chinese civilization which is different from other civilizations in the world. In ancient Chinese literature, there is a saying that the Yellow Emperor used stones as soldiers, jade as soldiers, copper as soldiers and iron as soldiers. Archaeological discoveries show that the first peak period of jade use in China occurred in the Liangzhu culture, Hongshan Culture and Yangshao culture, about 6000-5000 years ago. Some scholars call this period "Jade Age", which is the origin of ancient Chinese civilization. Some ancient civilizations in the world have disappeared for various reasons, and the Chinese civilization has continued for 5000 years with its tenacious cohesion and meaningful charm, which is the pride of China
"Jade Road": after the discovery of Hetian jade, the local ancestors developed a route to transport Hetian jade to the Central Plains, Central Asia and Europe, which is the "Jade Road". This road was formed about 5000-6000 years ago. It is the first transportation line between China and the world to communicate politics, culture and commerce between the East and the West. It is also the longest distance and longest used land transportation artery. The jade road laid the foundation for the later silk road. Therefore, the first medium of communication between the East and the west is not silk, but Hetian jade, who has made great contributions to the world
the new era of Chinese Jade: China's jade has a history of ten thousand years, using jade proced in various places. After thousands of years of selection, Hetian jade was selected as the elite of Chinese jade. From Xia Dynasty, the first dynasty in China, to Zhou Dynasty, Hetian jade appeared in large numbers, which has become the main source of Royal jade and opened up a new era of Chinese jade with Hetian jade as the main material. Chinese jade is known as the unique "Oriental Art" in the world. It is an important part of Chinese culture and the quintessence of China. Over the past few years, Hetian jade has been made of exquisite jade. Most of the jades preserved in the Palace Museum are made of Hetian jade, many of which are national treasures of our country
Wang Yu era: Chinese scholars call the period from Xia to Qing Dynasty as Wang Yu era. The characteristic of this era is to politicize Hetian jade and its jade ware, and become the symbol of royal power, rank and wealth. The rulers of the dynasty were addicted to jade, and they could not do without jade in politics, economy, culture and life. For example, the political jade system of "six utensils" and "six auspicious" was established in Zhou Dynasty“ "Six auspicious" is the proof of different officials and barons. Every court meeting or sacrifice, princes and ministers should hold their own "auspicious" to face the emperor, and the emperor should also show his own "auspicious". In the spring and Autumn period, Warring States period and Qin Dynasty, "Kunshan jade" was regarded as one of the national "three treasures". From the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there were many dynasties and emperors. As emperors, most of the jade seals were made of Hetian jade. When they were granted treasures, some emperors even granted amnesty to the world. Hetian jade is the treasure of all the court jades of the past dynasties, and it has made innumerable treasures
"the theory of jade virtue": ancient philosophers put forward the theory of jade virtue by comparing jade with virtue. Guan Zhong, a statesman in the early spring and Autumn period, said, "the reason why Fu Yu is so expensive is because of his nine virtues." These "nine virtues" include benevolence, wisdom, righteousness, action, cleanness, courage, emotion, tolerance and diction. In the late spring and Autumn period, Confucius, a great Confucianist, put forward the theory of "ten virtues", including benevolence, knowledge, righteousness, propriety, music, loyalty, faith, heaven, earth, virtue and Taoism. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xu Shen put forward the theory of jade's "Five Virtues", including benevolence, righteousness, wisdom, courage and cleanness. Jade virtue theory connects the jade quality of Hetian jade with morality. For example, jade is warm and lustrous, representing benevolence; The hard and dense texture represents reason; Jade has edges and corners but does not hurt people, representing justice; When it is knocked, it makes a long and clear sound, which stands for pure music; The good part does not cover up the defects and represents loyalty; The color of Hetian jade is exposed without concealment, which represents honesty and so on. All these reflect the texture, luster, sound, hardness, toughness and other aspects of Hetian jade“ "Jade virtue theory" provides spiritual support for Chinese people to love, respect and adore jade, and it is also an important reason why Chinese jade culture is enring. Love for jade has become one of the characteristics of the Chinese nation. Jade has become a symbol of loyalty, purity, friendship, peace, auspiciousness, honesty, courage and beauty. Since ancient times, there has been a saying in China that "a gentleman does not leave his body for no reason", "gold is valuable and jade is priceless", and there is also a noble national integrity such as "better be a broken jade than a broken one". People regard jade as beauty, honor and value, and Yucheng is a part of people's living customs
bridge of friendship: China is a multi-ethnic family, in order to express national friendship, Kunlun Meiyu is used as the media. The opening of the ancient jade road is the embodiment of the road of friendship. In ancient literature, in ancient times, the queen mother of the West living in Kunlun mountain once offered jade, jade ring and jade to the Yellow Emperor, Yao and shun. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Mu of Zhou traveled thousands of miles to Kunlun Mountain, where he met with his mother and gathered jade in Yushan. During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Hetian jade had become a treasure offered by the western regions to the Central Plains. Most of the jade used in the later dynasties was offered to the western regions at that time. Just as Du Fu, the great poet of Tang Dynasty, said in his poem, "in the old days, he used to use thousands of treasures in the Han Dynasty, but he did not answer the imperial court for thousands of treasures. As the Uygur poet Ma Zuchang of the Yuan Dynasty said, "pick the green stones by the jade river and collect the yisangma from the East." Therefore, the magnificent Hetian jade sets up a bridge of friendship among all ethnic groups and is a symbol of friendship and unity among all ethnic groups. At the same time, there has been a saying in China since ancient times that "war is turned into jade and silk", which shows that jade is also a symbol of peace. In people's life, jade is given as a gift to show friendship and love
The symbol of beauty: China has always regarded "jade" as the ideal of beauty. It can be said that all the beauty of art, even the beauty of personality, tends to the beauty of jade. Jade has become a symbol of beauty. Most of the words are beautified by jade. In the Chinese Dictionary alone, there are 1268 words and phrases with jade as their root. Beautification with jade has been popularized to the world, mountains and rivers, flowers, animals and characters. According to the dictionary of Chinese celebrities, there are 1700 celebrities in the jade department. There are many names of jade in Chinese classical literature. According to the statistics of scholars in the whole book of a dream of Red Mansions, there are nearly 5700 "jade" words, of which 5360 are used for names of people, of which 3652 are Jia Baoyu and 1323 are Daiyu. There are also many idioms in vocabulary, such as "golden words", "golden rules", "golden branches and leaves", "graceful and graceful", "beautiful as jade"Hemu, the northernmost Township in Western China, is a concentrated residence of Tuwa people who maintain the most complete national tradition
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wucaitan: there is a large-scale wind power generation website in front of wucaitan scenic spot. The mountains on the north bank are unlating and variable in color, which are formed by fierce erosion of river and strong wind. Due to the different weathering resistance of the riparian rocks, the uneven contours are formed. The rocks here are of various colors. Under the sunlight at sunset, the colors of the rocks are mainly red, with green, purple, yellow, white, black and transitional colors. Whenever the wind blows, strange noises of different lengths and heights will be heard everywhere in gullies and under rocks
the tortoise shell is slightly flat, and the dorsal carapace is fixed but not movable. The dorsal carapace is 10-13 cm long and 16 cm wide, with three longitudinal ridges. There are yellow linear markings on the side of head and neck, slightly flat limbs, full web between fingers and toes, claws at the end of fingers and toes except the fifth one. Turtles generally live in rivers, lakes, swamps, reservoirs and mountain streams, and sometimes go ashore. In the natural environment, turtles feed on worms, snails, shrimps and small fish, as well as plant stems and leaves. The tortoise is a kind of variable temperature animal. In winter, or when the temperature is low for a long time, the tortoise will go into hibernation. Different kinds of tortoises have different hibernation temperatures, but usually at 10-16 ℃. At this time, the tortoise shrank in its shell for a long time and was almost inactive. At the same time, its breathing times decreased, its body temperature decreased, the speed of blood circulation and metabolism slowed down, and its consumption of nutrients also decreased. This state is similar to sleep, but it is a deep sleep for several months, and even a slight paralysis. In addition, the tortoise also has the following characteristics: low reproction rate and slow growth, a 500 gram tortoise after a year of feeding only gain about 100 grams. However, the tortoise has a strong ability to enre hunger, and is not easy to starve to death even after a few months of starvation. It also has strong disease resistance and high survival rate. So tortoise is a kind of animal that is easy to be raised artificially, and it is also a popular pet.