Paver in West open pit mine
2. If the court decides that the other party has custody, then your sister will have no legal basis to take care of her children
3. Yes, it has a certain impact. But it's not absolute. It depends on the specific condition and so on
4. It is difficult to find evidence, and there is no religious freedom and no judgment
5. You need to bring your marriage certificate, ID card and indictment to the court. The more evidence about domestic violence, the better
the most important is the evidence of domestic violence, such as alarm records, medical records, photos, etc. If you really can't go on, don't think too much. Sue for divorce first. If you can't do it the first time, you'll have to wait six months to sue
the common debt should be used for household expenditure. It should have a destination and be reasonable. Otherwise, it can not be recognized as common debt.
May 21, 1898, Armand? Hammer was born in the Bronx of New York. His grandfather was a Russian Jew who immigrated to the United States. Father Julius? Hammer was one of the founders of the Communist Party of America. He worked as a foundry worker, ran pharmacies and pharmaceutical factories, and later became a doctor by studying for a medical degree. Hamer has received good ecation and strict training since childhood, with keen judgment and innovative spirit
in 1917, hammer entered the medical school of Columbia University, where his father also studied. At that time, his father was practicing medicine while running a pharmaceutical factory, which was hard to use for two purposes, resulting in the bankruptcy of the pharmaceutical factory. At this time, he asked his son, who was very talented in business, to take over the precarious pharmaceutical factory< In fact, father's worry is totally unnecessary. Hammer has long been eager to try. He was extremely excited to meet such a challenge. In order not to miss his studies, hammer invited a poor and excellent student to live with him, and provided him with free accommodation. The condition was that the student went to class every day, took a lot of notes, and brought them back to him in the evening for him to cope with the exam and write papers. With this learning "stand in", hammer will concentrate on the operation of the company. He reformed the company's business policy and marketing methods, organized a strong team of salesmen, and changed the name of the company to "United Chemical Pharmaceutical Company". Hammer finally rescued the company from bankruptcy, with more than a dozen employees to 1500. Its procts sold well all over the country, and the company began to step into the ranks of large pharmaceutical enterprises
in this way, hammer, a 20-year-old college student, became a millionaire completely relying on his own efforts. At the same time, he not only completed all his studies in Columbia University Medical School on schele, but also won the gold medal awarded by the honorary bachelor's Association of the medical school, so that business and study are not delayed
in June 1920, a big event happened. Due to a medical accident, in June 1920, hammer's father was tried and put into prison. As one of the founders of the Communist Party of America, the elder Hamer paid close attention to the Soviet Union and provided necessities to the blockaded Bolshevik Regime
after a hard journey, hammer finally came to the Soviet Union. After the World War II, the Soviet Union was in a state of great waste. When Hamer visited the Ural region, he saw the distressing famine, disease and death, as well as the huge market. How many minerals were in urgent need of exploitation and how many treasures were in urgent need of sale. However, e to the poor road of export trade, people had to keep the mountain and starve. Hammer decided to change the situation with his own strength. He quickly sent a telegram to his brother, asking him to buy $1 million of wheat in the United States and transport it to Leningrad port in the Soviet Union, in exchange for $1 million of local fur and minerals
Hamer's courage and insight were praised by the great leader Lenin. However, because of the endless arguments in the party at that time, in the voice of "would rather starve than betray the country", Lenin decided to give Hamer a franchise and established an unusual friendship with him. Then, hammer contacted more than 30 American companies, including Ford Motor Company, American rubber company and Ellis Charles equipment machinery company, to do business with the Soviet Union. He was promoted as the general representative of these companies in the Soviet Union. At the same time, under the intervention of Lenin, he also acted as the agent of the Soviet Union's trade with the United States, which made hammer's business in the Soviet Union more and more prosperous
in 1921, Hamer saw in Moscow's official newspaper that the Soviet Union was about to launch a nationwide literacy campaign. After reading the news, he didn't pay attention to it. However, when he was about to return home, he was surprised to find that there were few pencils in Soviet stores and the price was very high. This is the wealth around you! He decided to set up a pencil factory, though the idea was strongly opposed by his friends around him. But he always insisted on his own ideas. Although he didn't know how to make pencils, he knew how to use people who knew how to make pencils. He hired technicians with high salary and managed proction with the piece rate system of the United States. As a result, the output value reached 2.5 million US dollars in the first year. A few years later, hammer not only met the needs of the Soviet Union's pencil and pen market, but also exported to more than ten countries, such as Britain< In order to work in hammer's pencil factory, a young woman submitted her job application to the president of the Supreme Soviet Union. However, the big tree catches the wind, and newspapers begin to denounce hammer and the new economic policy. Hammer faintly realizes that maybe the Soviet Union will change and he will leave< In 1930, Hamer returned to the United States, which was the most active day in his life. He was very handy and made a lot of money, involving in many fields
at that time, the Soviet regime did not value a large number of antiques and exquisite works of art copied from the Tsar's palace, and poor people often sold their works of art at a low price for 123456. Hammer spent a lot of time and energy in acquisition work. After a long time, he became an expert in this instry
when hammer shipped these art treasures to the United States intact, the United States was in the great depression. Many people thought that no one would want to buy these antiques in the economic downturn. Hamer is very confident. He has invested in the construction of art museums in New York and Los Angeles, and selected exquisite works of art to tour in various cities in China, causing a great sensation. He also meticulously printed a catalogue of artworks and sent it to the managers of famous department stores in the United States. He sincerely stated that he would like to commission these artworks to stores for sale at a discount of 40% of the retail price. Later, he held an auction to make his works of art famous and attracted numerous customers
hammer never confines himself to one field. While focusing on the promotion of art, he learns that Roosevelt will implement a new deal across the country, and the original prohibition will be lifted. The demand for beer and whisky will soar across the country, and the supply of wine barrels will fall short of demand. Hammer immediately ordered several ships of high-quality wood from the Soviet Union and established a modern winery in New Jersey. When the prohibition was abolished, it was just when hammer's barrels rolled down the proction line, and his barrels were snapped up by the distilleries at high prices. Then, he went from barrel proction to beer proction. His Dante brand whisky became the first-class wine in the United States, with an annual sales volume of 1 million cases
it can be said that no one knows what hammer is going to do next. He does it as he pleases, but he hits the mark. Because he loved to eat steak, it was difficult to buy high-quality steak in the market, so he entered the cattle instry and also achieved success. Later, he got involved in broadcasting. He didn't put much energy into all these. Hamer's intuition and courage, coupled with his gifted management ability and learning ability, made him an invincible business legend
in the middle and late 1950s, the worldwide energy crisis became more and more serious. In order to encourage private oil exploration, the U.S. government increases taxes on other instries and reces taxes on the oil instry. This policy is attractive to Mr. hammer, who has always been full of risk-taking spirit, and he began to try to invest in the oil instry again
hammer first contacted the western oil companies which were in a very difficult situation at that time. He promised to lend $50000 to the company on the condition that two wells must be drilled, and if the wells proce oil, the profits will be shared by both sides. Fortunately, both wells drilled by Western oil companies have proced oil, and they are rich in oil. Overjoyed, hammer seized the opportunity to buy a large number of shares of the company and became the largest shareholder of Western oil companies. Since then, he has devoted himself to the oil business
with his years of experience, hammer took great risks and began to establish an oil kingdom. He recruited the best drilling engineers and geologists, and finally drilled two huge gas fields in California in 1961. The stock price of Western oil companies jumped to 15 yuan per share, and the company is strong enough to compete with the world's largest oil companies
at that time, most of the world's rich oil fields were already the world's seven largest western oil companies known as the "Seven Sisters". However, Hamer found a new way and set his eyes on Libya
on two leased lands abandoned by other oil companies with no hope of procing oil, hammer persevered and finally proced a high-yield oil well with a daily crude oil output of 72000 barrels in Libya, making the Libyan people extremely proud of their own oil proction. The king of Libya personally received Hamer and expressed his heartfelt thanks to him. Then, Hamer created a miracle in the arid Kufra area, which is to drill the wells that people look forward to day and night, and find rich underground water. It has not rained in this area for more than 20 years, and people all over the country regard hammer as their Savior! The king of Libya is even excited to name the place where his ancestors were born "Hamer". However, hammer refused. He thought that drilling oil wells and wells was an integral part of his career. He could share the joy of victory with the local people and the greatest happiness of life
in the oil instry, hammer's company came in the latest, but it came out the earliest. In 1974, his Western oil company made $6 billion a year. By 1982, the western oil company had become the 12th largest instrial enterprise in the United States and the eighth largest oil company in the world next to the "Seven Sisters"
in the most difficult period of the Soviet Union, he was the first Western businessman to lend a helping hand and communicate with the Soviet Union and the United States through trade channels. Because of his friendship with leaders of many countries in the world, he often travels to different countries to deliver peace messages and to carry out private diplomatic activities among world leaders. He tried to promote talks between the United States and the Soviet Union, jointly study the "Star Wars" plan, and jointly announce the decision not to be the first to use nuclear weapons
he is the initiator and sponsor of the annual International Conference on peace and human rights. He often generously supports culture, ecation and social welfare. He founded the cancer research center and served as chairman of the president's three member cancer research advisory group of the United States. He personally led a medical team to the Soviet Union to rescue the victims of the Chernobyl nuclear accident
not only that, he is also an old friend of the Chinese people. During Deng Xiaoping's visit to the United States in 1979, he praised Hamer's help to Lenin and invited him to visit China. He hoped that Hamer would contribute to China's economic construction. At the age of 80, hammer was invited to visit China that year. Later, he came to China many times and began to pave the way for Sino US trade. In 1982, he signed a feasibility agreement with the relevant Chinese authorities on the Pingshuo open pit coal mine in Shanxi Province. In 1986, he officially broke the ground, which was the largest Sino foreign joint venture project at that time. Since then, his oil company has bid to exploit China's offshore oil resources, becoming the first U.S. company to obtain China's offshore oil exploration rights. In March 1982, hammer collected his art for half a century
The mining area is located in Qinglongshan, 32 kilometers northeast of Nanjing city. There is a highway connecting to Longtan station of Shanghai Nanjing railway, with convenient transportation
the mining area is located in the north wing of Fanjiatang compound syncline, and the ore bearing strata are upper and lower Qinglong formation and zhouchongcun formation of Triassic. The ore beds are medium thick limestone, thick limestone, micrite limestone, vermicular limestone, breccia limestone and thin limestone. According to the structure, it can be divided into seven ore beds. The controlled length of the mining area is 2850m from east to west and 600-800m from south to north. The largest ore bed is 2500 meters long and 50-97 meters thick. The mineral composition is mainly calcite, a small amount of dolomite and quartz. The ore is characterized by argillaceous microcrystalline structure, massive and breccia structure. The average chemical composition of ore is Cao 50.03%, MgO 0.62%, SiO < sub > 2 < / sub > 6.18%, Al < sub > 2 < / sub > o < sub > 3 < / sub > 1.4%, Fe < sub > 2 < / sub > o < sub > 3 < / sub > 0.64%, so < sub > 3 < / sub > 0.11%, K < sub > 2 < / sub > o 0.31%, Na < sub > 2 < / sub > o 0.03%, loss on ignition 40.16%. Most of the ores are grade I cement raw materials. There are two coexisting marl deposits, the largest of which is more than 1450m long and 15-20m thick. The average content of Cao in marl is 42.14%, MgO is 0.97%, SiO < sub > 2 < / sub > 14.36%, a < sub > 2 < / sub > o < sub > 3 < / sub > 4.01%, Fe < sub > 2 < / sub > o < sub > 3 < / sub > 1.64%, so < sub > 3 < / sub > 0.30%, K < sub > 2 < / sub > o 0.92%, Na < sub > 2 < / sub > o 0.05%, and loss on ignition is 34.96%. It meets the instrial requirements of marl and can be used comprehensively. The genetic type of the deposit belongs to the sedimentary deposit of shallow sea facies and lagoon margin facies
In the past, many geologists have carried out geological survey in Qinglongshan area In February 1958, in order to meet the needs of cement proction in China and to find a new mining base, Nanjing Geological Team once carried out two trenching in Qinglongshan and carried out stratified and dense block sampling. In July 1958, the general survey report of Nanjing Longtan limestone mining area was submitted. It is considered that the upper part of Qinglong formation limestone in Qinglongshan is pure limestone, and its quality can meet the requirements of cement raw materials; Because there are many marls and shale layers in the lower part, whether they can be used as cement raw materials must be determined by further work From 1965 to 1970, the regional geological survey team of Jiangsu Provincial Bureau of geology carried out regional survey in this area, and submitted "1:200000 Yangzhou sheet, 1:50000 Tangshan sheet and Shangdang sheet regional geological survey report" and 1:200000 and 1:50000 geological maps, which provided basic geological data for the general survey of limestone depositsin order to meet the needs of cement limestone resources for the expansion of cement plants in China, the Geological Bureau of Jiangsu Province assigned the task of exploring Qinglongshan limestone to the geological team 1 of Jiangsu Provincial Bureau of geology in September 1978 according to the requirements of the Provincial Bureau of building materials. In January 1979, Xu JingZhan, Cheng Ziqiang, Chu Luobao and Huang Shichang, the technical leaders of Qinglongshan mining area, carried out the general survey of Qinglongshan limestone, At the end of the year, it was evaluated that the limestone quality of Qinglong formation in this area is good, and the deposit scale is large, so it can be used as a large cement raw material base. In 1980, it was transferred to exploration. At the end of the year, the field work was completed, with 26000 cubic meters of trenching and 4845 meters of drilling completed. The control mining area is 2550 meters long and 600-800 meters wide, and the distribution of 5 limestone ore bodies and 2 marl ore bodies are identified. In December 1980, the "geological report on the detailed exploration of Qinglongshan limestone mine in Longtan, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province" was submitted. The proven reserves of limestone ore are 239 million tons, marl 38.9 million tons, of which 190 million tons can be used. In August 1982, after examination and approval by Jiangsu Provincial Bureau of geology, it was considered that the quality of the report basically met the requirements of the specification and could be used as the basis for mine design
in order to meet the needs of China's cement plant to expand the scale of the mine, in August 1984, according to the requirements of Jiangsu Provincial Building Materials Instry Corporation, Jiangsu Provincial Bureau of Geology and mineral resources assigned the task of additional geological work within the scope of line 5-9 of Qinglongshan limestone mine to Geological Team 1. Du Kexin, Chen Huaming and Hao Mingzhen, the technical director of the mining area of the team, entered the mining area in late August to carry out work, added 10 boreholes, footage 1036m, and completed trenching 3797m3. In June 1985, they submitted the summary of geological work for line 5-9 of Qinglongshan limestone mine in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, adding 1.63 million tons of limestone reserves available above 95m elevation of line 8-9, The reserve of marl is 880000 tons, which makes the grade B reserves of No.2 ore bed in the range of line 6-9 linked together, and increases the reliability of mining design
in order to meet the needs of cement and limestone resources for Nanjing Baohua quarry company to prepare to build a cement plant with an annual output of 250000 tons, according to the agreement signed with Baohua quarry company, geological team 1 started the general survey and exploration work in the east mining area of Qinglongshan limestone mine in Longtan, Nanjing (including the 10-13 line of the original Qinglongshan mining area) in September 1986, and completed 8645 meters of drilling work and 6962 cubic meters of trenching, In December 1987, the "detailed exploration geological report of East mining area of Qinglongshan limestone mine in Longtan, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province" was submitted, which improved the grade of ore reserves in the original 10-13 line section, increased the available ore reserves by 8.2 million tons, and submitted a total of 56.98 million tons of available ore reserves. In December 1988, after examination and approval by the provincial mineral reserves Committee, the report can be used as the basis for the construction and design of cement raw material mines
After general survey and exploration, a total of 36700 cubic meters of trenching and 14500 meters of drilling have been invested in Qinglongshan limestone mine. By the end of 1991, the total proved available ore reserves were 249 million tons and marl ore reserves were 39.78 million tons. It is a large cement raw material base. The terrain of the area is steep in the north and gentle in the south, with simple hydrogeological conditions, less overburden, small stripping ratio and large deposit range, which is concive to large-area open-pit mining. In the 1950s, Longtan quarry was quarrying on the north slope of the west side of the mining area. In the 1970s, Baohua quarrying company quarrying on the south slope of the mining area, mainly used as paving and building materials. In 1991, the limestone mine in the east mining area was officially mined, with an annual output of 100000 tons of ore designed to be used as cement raw materials; The limestone in Qinglongshan mining area is planned to be exploited and utilized in the near future"The rise of central China" is another major regional development strategy put forward by the Party Central Committee and the State Council, which is of great strategic significance to promote the all-round economic and social development of central China and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Henan, as a big economic province, plays an important role in the process of the rise of central China. However, with the rapid economic and social development of our province, the contradiction between economic development and resources and environment is becoming more and more prominent, and the mineral resources, as the main component of resources, are more and more seriously restricting the realization of the strategic goal of "the rise of central China". In this case, we should thoroughly change the development and utilization mode of mineral resources and develop circular economy, It is of great significance to the rise of the Central Plains
In the face of increasingly fierce regional economic competition, Henan Province, under the guidance of the national strategy of "East West interaction, driving the rise of central China" and "promoting the rise of central China", is comprehensively formulating and implementing the strategy of "Central China rise" The outline of Henan Province's plan for building a well-off society in an all-round way specifies the strategic goal of "on the basis of optimizing the structure and improving the efficiency, to ensure that the per capita GDP will more than quadruple that of 2000 and reach 3000 US dollars by 2020, so as to make our province take the lead in the development of the central and western regions and realize the rise of the Central Plains". As far as the reality of our province is concerned, to achieve this strategic goal, we need an average annual GDP growth of 8.6%. From the practice of reform and development in our province, this speed can be achieved“ During the Tenth Five Year Plan period, Henan Province's economic aggregate grew by 11.4% on average, 2 percentage points higher than the national average level. In 2005, the province's GDP was 1058.742 billion yuan, becoming the fifth province with an economic aggregate of more than one trillion yuan in China and the first in the central and western provinces. The biggest challenge to realize the first rise of the Central Plains lies in whether it can continue to maintain a good momentum of development It is self-evident that the development of instrial economy plays a leading role in the economic leap of the whole province. After years of construction, especially the development in recent years, Henan Province has grown from a traditional agricultural province to a pivotal new instrial province, and its economic structure has undergone profound changes. In 2006, the proportion of the three instries changed from 17.9 ∶ 52.1 ∶ 30.0 to 16.4 ∶ 54.3 ∶ 29.3 at the end of the Tenth Five Year Plan period, and the dominant position of instry has been continuously strengthened. In 2006, the total instrial added value was 607.093 billion yuan, an increase of 18.7% over 2005. The contribution rate of instry to economic growth was 61.1%in the instrial growth, the pulling role of resources and raw materials instry is very prominent. In 2006, 37 of the 39 instries in the province achieved net profits; There are 22 instries that drive the province's profit growth by more than 1 percentage point. Among the six major instries that play a major role in boosting the instrial profits of the whole province, except the agricultural and non-staple food processing instry, they are all mining and raw material instries. At the end of 2006, the total profits of these six traditional advantageous instries reached 56.249 billion yuan, accounting for 51.6% of the province's profit growth, driving the province's total profit growth by 38.7 percentage points (Table 1)
Table 1 six instries with the largest driving force to profit growth in Henan Province in 2006. The characteristics of resource-based and raw material based instries reflect the comparative advantages of Henan Province, which has certain inevitability. It has played an important role in promoting the social and economic development of Henan Province, and will continue to support the economic growth of Henan Province in the future. However, it should be noted that this kind of instrial structure and instrial system determines that the rapid development of Henan's economy is largely driven by the high input and consumption of resources. In 2003, Henan's GDP accounted for 6% of the country's total energy consumption, accounting for 6.5% of the country's total energy consumption; The energy consumption per ten thousand yuan of added value in China is 1.93 tons of standard coal, while that in Henan is 2.42 tons. In 2005, the total energy consumption of Henan Province was 146.25 million tons of standard coal, a year-on-year increase of 11.9%, 2.2 percentage points lower than the GDP growth rate (14.1%) in the same period. In that year, the energy consumption per 10000 yuan GDP was 1.38 tons of standard coal, 13% higher than the national average of 1.22 tons of standard coal. At present, the energy consumption per 10000 yuan GDP in Henan Province is 2.1 times of the domestic advanced level
on the whole, Henan Province has entered the middle stage of instrialization, with obvious characteristics of heavy chemical instry, and the Hoffman coefficient reaches 0.42. The track of economic operation of developed countries in the world shows that in the middle stage of instrialization, the consumption of mineral resources will continue to grow with the economic growth
(3) major mining provinces are facing the bottleneck of mineral resources. Henan is a province with large mineral resources, but for many years, e to the continuous and strong development of mining instry and insufficient investment in geological exploration, the situation of mineral resources guarantee is becoming increasingly severe. In addition, some advantageous mineral resources, such as coal, gold and bauxite, are exploited indiscriminately, rich and poor are abandoned, thick and thin are abandoned, and easy and difficult to be abandoned in the process of exploitation, resulting in serious destruction and waste of mineral resources. At present, among the mineral resources with proven reserves, the potential economic value of mineral resources ranks the top 10 in China, but the per capita is only 1 / 4 of that in China. The reserve resources of superior minerals are seriously insufficient. The proven oil reserves have consumed 67.1% and the natural gas has consumed 53.4%. The reserves of coal resources can only meet the demand of 10-15 years. The growth rate of proved reserves of oil, gold and other resources is far lower than that of exploitation and consumption, and the ratio of coal reserves to proction is less than 1 / 4 of the national average. The problems of ground collapse, land occupation by waste resie and coal gangue, water pollution and ecological environment damage caused by mining are prominent
Second, the development of mining circular economy is of great significance to "the rise of central China."
(1) the connotation of mining circular economy
compared with the traditional chain proction mode of "resources procts wastes", circular economy is a circular proction mode of "resources procts wastes renewable resources". This model is characterized by "two low and two high", that is, low consumption, low pollution, high utilization rate and high circulation, so that the material resources can be fully and reasonably utilized and the impact of economic activities on the environment can be reced to a minimum. Its essence is a new economic growth model in line with the principle of sustainable development. Specifically, the development of circular economy in mining instry is to start from all aspects of mineral resources proction and processing, and successfully realize "four comprehensives", namely comprehensive investigation, comprehensive evaluation, comprehensive development and comprehensive utilization. In exploration, we should pay attention to comprehensive exploration and evaluation, which is the basis of comprehensive utilization of resources; In the process of mining and smelting, we should actively promote cleaner proction, develop and improve mining, beneficiation and smelting processes that are suitable for the characteristics of China's mineral resources, improve mining recovery rate and beneficiation recovery rate, rece mining dilution rate and extend mine life; In the process of waste treatment, we should vigorously promote the comprehensive utilization of tailings and waste rocks
(2) development level and operation mode of mining circular economy. The small cycle is reflected in the internal cycle of enterprises, the medium cycle is the horizontal coupling of instrial groups among enterprises, and the large cycle is the regional integration of mining circular economy system. Through the integration of social resources at all levels, the establishment of mutual instry chain, improve the efficiency of resource utilization, rece the negative effect of resource utilization to the society. Therefore, there will be three main modes of Mining Circular Economy: one is the single mining enterprise or mining group type, which is the internal circulation of the enterprise and the basic manifestation of circular economy at the micro level. Generally, the waste generated in the proction process is returned to the original proction process as raw materials or raw material substitutes after proper treatment, or used in other proction processes in the factory. The second is the mining ecological park mode, which is a symbiotic combination of instries based on mining instry. It belongs to the medium cycle, that is, a part of waste, energy and by-procts that can not be digested in the mining enterprise plant become the raw materials or power of another enterprise or some enterprises, couple them to form an enterprise network, and realize the harmonious flow of logistics, energy flow and information flow in the network. Enterprises in the park are not only competitive (such as management level), but also interdependent. This form greatly promotes the sustainable development of local economy and environment. The third is the social circulation mode. As a part of the whole social circulation, the mining circulation system combines with other sub cycles to promote the closure of mining circular economy in various forms and scales, so as to improve the consumption and demand mode of mineral resources, improve the utilization efficiency of mineral resources and rece the externality of mining proction (3) the significance of mining circular economy to the realization of "the rise of Central Plains" 1. It is concive to the transformation of economic growth mode and the adjustment and upgrading of instrial structure. As a resource rich province, there are many problems in the development and utilization of mineral resources in our province, which seriously restricts the role of mineral resources in the national economy. Generally speaking, the development and utilization of mineral resources in our province still adopts extensive and unsustainable development mode. Through the development of mining circular economy, the fundamental change of economic growth mode can be realized: from extensive type (backward management system, low technical level and serious waste) to intensive type (advanced management system, high technical level and high recovery rate). At the same time, in the process of vigorously developing mining circular economy, it is inevitable to eliminate a number of backward management, backward technology, low level of technology enterprises, and even instries. In this process, the instrial structure of our province will be graally adjusted and upgraded The implementation of the strategy is a process. In the next 10-20 years, the national economy will maintain sustained and rapid growth, and the demand for mineral resources will continue to increase, Mineral resources constraints are likely to hinder the implementation of the strategy of the rise of central China. Although the reserves of mineral resources in our province are large, the per capita share is small, and the resource abundance is not high. Some mineral resources that are very important for instrial development, such as iron, copper, phosphorus, are quite short, and the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent, which limits the development of relevant instrial departments. Taking iron ore as an example, by the end of 1999, 66 proven iron ore deposits had been found in the whole province, with reserves of 1.043 billion tons, ranking 10th in the country. However, there are many lean ores and few rich ores. 96.2% of the reserves are lean ores. Most of the iron ores are deeply buried, with low ore grade, high content of phosphorus, sulfur and other harmful components, and difficult transportation, which greatly reces the resources. At present, the degree of development and utilization of iron ore in the whole province is quite low, and the developed iron ore is far from meeting the needs of iron and steel instry in the province. Because the circular economy takes "rection, reuse, resource" as the principle, and "low consumption, low emission, high efficiency" as the characteristics, through vigorously developing the mining circular economy in our province, we can greatly improve the efficiency of resource development and utilization, greatly save resources, and break through the bottleneck constraints of mineral resources in the process of the rise of Central Plains It is beneficial to the ringasphalt is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with different molecular weight and their non-metallic derivatives, which is a kind of high viscosity organic liquid. It is liquid with black surface and soluble in carbon disulfide. Asphalt is a kind of waterproof, moisture-proof and anticorrosive organic cementing material. Asphalt can be divided into coal tar asphalt, petroleum asphalt and natural asphalt: coal tar asphalt is a by-proct of coking. Petroleum asphalt is the resie of crude oil distillation. Natural asphalt is stored underground, and some form ore beds or accumulate on the surface of the crust. Asphalt is mainly used in coatings, plastics, rubber and other instries, as well as pavement
on October 27, 2017, the list of carcinogens published by the international agency for research on cancer of the World Health Organization (who) was preliminarily collated and referenced. Asphalt, occupational exposure to oxidized asphalt and its emissions in the process of roof covering were in the list of class 2A carcinogens, and the occupational exposure to straight run asphalt and its emissions ring road paving were in the list of class 2A carcinogens Occupational exposure to hard asphalt and its emissions in asphalt mastic work are listed in category 2B carcinogen list
according to colloidal structure, with the decrease of the saturated and aromatic contents of the dispersive medium and the increase of the asphaltene content of the protective substance and the dispersed phase, the pitch from the sol structure to the gel structure and the gel structure. The penetration of asphalt decreases and the softening point increases. When the proportion of each component in asphalt is coordinated, the best ctility can be obtained. However, the above rules are only applicable to the asphalts obtained from the same oil source and process. For example, the asphalts in Table 1 are all Daqing crude oil, and the asphalts are obtained by propylene deasphalting process. For the same crude oil, the asphalts obtained by different processes, or the asphalts obtained by different crude oils with the same process or even different crude oils and processes, Even though they have similar asphalt component content, their technical properties can vary greatly. The reason for these phenomena is that although the chemical components of asphalts obtained by different oil sources and processes can be very close, the chemical structure of each component is not the same, and the solubility parameters of each component are different. That is to say, the solubility of each component is different, thus forming different colloidal structures, so their technical properties are also different.
Mineral resources are the important material basis of national economy and social development. With the development of urbanization and the increase of the demand for mineral resources, the exploration and development of mineral resources around Jiaozhou Bay are graally carried out. In the process of mineral resources exploration and development, we should adhere to the principle of "development in protection, protection in development" and the policy of "orderly compensation, balance of supply and demand, structural optimization, intensive and efficient". We should make unified arrangements for resource exploration, mining structure, development and utilization, and mine ecological environment protection, standardize the development order, and strengthen the protection and utilization of mineral resources, And carry out mine geological environment protection and restoration work, improve the mine surrounding environment
5.5.1 resource characteristics and distribution
the mineral resources around Jiaozhou Bay are mainly small-scale and mineral occurrences, mainly including building stone such as bentonite, granite, silica, river sand, sea sand and other non-metallic minerals, with the characteristics of few resource types, small scale, insufficient total amount, relatively concentrated distribution, poor development and utilization
the mineral resources are distributed in some areas of Huang District, Jiaonan City, Jiaozhou City and Jimo City, and the landform types are mainly low mountains and hills. The low mountains are mainly distributed in Dazhu mountain, Xiaozhu mountain and tieju mountain of Jiaonan City, and the rest are hills and piedmont plains, with an altitude of 200-400m. The main soil type is brown soil, with part of fluvo aquic soil in between. The soil layer is shallow and the fertility is low
5.5.2 problems in mining
along with the mining of mineral resources, Qing has successively formulated the "Qing mineral resources management measures" and "Qing mineral resources compensation fee collection management measures", and completed the "Qing geological and mineral resources development and utilization plan", so that the protection of mineral resources and the ecological protection of mineral resources development can be managed according to law. The competent departments of land and resources have implemented the mining license system in mineral development, graally standardized mineral development activities, severely cracked down on illegal and illegal mining activities in accordance with the law, cleaned up and closed down hundreds of mining enterprises, and effectively curbed unlicensed mining and indiscriminate mining
At the same time of resource exploitation, the protection of geological and geomorphic landscape has been strengthened, and the protection areas of geological and geomorphic landscape with "mountain style", "natural scenic spot" and "coastal beach" as the key points have been designated, and the sand mining and quarry affecting the geological and geomorphic landscape have been closed. In accordance with the "disaster rection and prevention plan of Qing city", timely deployment of geological disaster prevention and control work to rece the harm of geological disasters. Some achievements have been made in the reclamation and ecological restoration of the mining area, and a number of reclamation and ecological restoration projects of mines and quarries have been completed. Mining enterprises have established and improved management institutions and resource management systems. Large and medium-sized state-owned mining enterprises and small mining enterprises of key minerals have set up geological survey institutions and special geological survey personnel However, there are still some problems in the process of development, utilization and protection of mineral resources: ① lack of unified planning, unreasonable development layout and imbalance of supply and demand of some minerals; ② Small and scattered mines restrict the development of mining scale and the improvement of economic benefits; ③ Mineral exploration is lagging behind and reserve resources are in short supply; ④ A series of ecological and environmental problems caused by mining of mineral resources5.5.3 environmental problems in mines. The area around Jiaozhou Bay is dominated by small and medium-sized mines, which cause serious environmental problems. The analysis of the impact of mineral resources development on the mining area environment is shown in Figure 5.14
figure 5.14 impact of mineral resources development on mining environment
Mining in the area is mainly open-pit mining. In addition to occupying a large amount of land, destroying vegetation and surface morphology, open-pit mining and soil piling even lead to the contradiction between instry and agriculture; According to the analysis of relevant data, the amount of soil and water loss in the mining area is about 1000 times larger than that in the non mining area; Due to the poor mechanical mping capacity, it is easy to proce secondary geological disasters such as landslides and rock avalanches
a large amount of cultivated land is needed for waste rock stacking, which pollutes the air (tailing is easy to be weathered, st rises with the wind), surface water (flood erosion, impurities drift with water, polluting rivers) and groundwater (pollutants seep into the ground after weathering and leaching, polluting groundwater). The discharge of sewage in the process of mineral processing and smelting causes serious pollution to soil and water environment
5.5.4 environmental protection and management measures in mining area (1) pay equal attention to mineral resources development and ecological environment protection, comprehensively evaluate and compare the economic benefits and ecological environment impact of existing mining enterprises, and require mining enterprises to manage the mine ecological environment according to the planning layout; If there is no governance unit, the local government shall be responsible for funding governance. We should explore and establish a diversified and multi-channel capital investment mechanism suitable for the market economic system, formulate preferential policies, and encourage units, indivials and foreign investors to invest in mine environment restoration and land reclamation
(2) mine ecological environment protection and secondary disaster control should focus on prevention
strictly implement the "three Simultaneities" of ecological environment impact assessment, performance bond and mine ecological environment protection and restoration management system, and do a good job in comprehensive management and prevention of mine ecological environment in the whole process of mineral resources exploration and development. Strengthen the ecological environment and mine geological survey of public welfare mines, so that environmental protection and secondary disasters can focus on prevention, combine prevention with control, rece the probability of harm, and avoid causing major economic losses
(3) establish dynamic monitoring system
establish and improve the laws, management and monitoring system of mine ecological environment protection and mine geological disaster prevention and control. Relevant functional departments should investigate and monitor the mine environmental protection and mine geology, and establish data database to improve the ecological environment monitoring system and establish monitoring, forecasting, forecasting and early warning system
(4) approval, supervision and inspection of mining projects. The departments of land and resources, environmental protection, etc. shall supervise and inspect the discharge of mine wastes, control the discharge of "three wastes" in mining, and prevent geological disasters that may be inced
(1) mining area reclamation is an important strategic measure to realize the three-dimensional layout of mountain agricultural structure, solve the contradiction between instry and agriculture, rebuild ecological balance and control soil erosion Open pit mining and a large number of new tailings proced every year have seriously damaged the original topography and ecological balance, and people pay more and more attention to agricultural planting, afforestation and other mining area reclamation measures. Tailings can be used as mine filling materials for reclamation. For the existing tail mines (heaps), it is necessary to level the overburden soil, restore cultivation or afforestation; Put an end to the emergence of new tailing piles, transform the simple tailing system into a tailing and field covering system, change harm into benefit, and form a virtuous circle. For mines with large area and depth, they can be repaired to develop fishery or tourism, and adjust local microclimate(2) strict control of mine emissions
although the scale and total amount of mining enterprises around Jiaozhou Bay are small, the mine pollution, occupation of arable land, over development and other phenomena are increasingly serious. In order to prevent or rece pollution, it is necessary to strictly manage and require major polluters of mines to meet the discharge standards within a time limit in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations on mineral and land management. We should fully consider the environmental capacity factors and strictly control the construction and expansion of instrial and mining enterprises. We must not only focus on the immediate economic benefits, but also ignore the long-term ecological benefits
(3) determining the reasonable drainage system is an important factor affecting the water environment; Especially in open pit mining, it is very important to prevent surface runoff from flowing into the stope. Therefore, the mining area should do a good job in anti-seepage and drainage measures, and set up a special drainage system; The stoped pit should be sealed to prevent the surface runoff from entering the pit and prevent or rece the pollution to the water environment(4) comprehensive development and utilization of tailings. In addition to paving roads, manufacturing building materials (such as prefabricated parts, bricks and tiles), it can also be used in the chemical instry, machinery instry and other aspects of comprehensive utilization research
(5) collapse prevention
with the mining area, especially the open-pit mining area excavation depth continues to increase, the mountain cracking and collapse damage, seriously damaged the natural balance of in-situ stress, affected the stability of the surface mountain, can lead to the deformation, failure and sliding of artificial slope
There are two main forms of slope failure in open-pit mines: one is instability and failure along the slope with obvious sliding surface; The second is creep collapse deformation until failure, the first is the generation of cracks, and then the rock mass on the slope toppling failure, expansion, local slip, and finally lead to collapse, the risk of its development increases with the deepening of excavation, and even lead to landslides, debris flow. In order to prevent the occurrence of collapse, it is necessary to find out the geological conditions of the mining area and its vicinity, especially the nature of the weak structural plane, the occurrence state and the influence degree on the slope stability, so as to carry out the mining in a preventive way; Secondly, the slope gradient should be economical, reasonable and feasible in the mining process to prevent the creep failure of the slope5.5.6 resource supply and demand and guarantee degree
Qing is a big economic city, and its comprehensive economic strength ranks first in Shandong Province. The development strategy around Jiaozhou Bay will make its economic development grow faster. The demand for mineral resources, especially for bulk minerals, will also increase significantly with the acceleration of instrialization and urbanization. The ratio of storage, proction and demand of mineral resources will be further unbalanced. The situation of mineral resources will become more severe, and the pressure on economic growth will be very prominent
according to the reserves of various minerals in Qing and the degree of guarantee of the economic development around Jiaozhou Bay for the demand of mineral resources, the prediction is as follows:
1) the proved reserves of non-metallic minerals are large, the resource prospect is broad, the degree of guarantee is high, which can meet the demand, and it is also an important mineral proct for export and foreign exchange
2) the guarantee degree of gold mine is low, and the demand gap is large
(3) energy mineral, metal mineral and chemical raw material mineral except gold are in short supply, almost all of them depend on external purchase (4) although the reserve of facing granite, marble and building stone is large, the contradiction between development and utilization and environmental protection is prominent. If the contradiction between development and utilization and protection can not be solved, it can not meet the needs of all kinds of construction projects5.5.7 impact of economic and social development on mining instry. The area around Jiaozhou Bay is not only closely linked with the domestic economic zones, but also with Japan, South Korea and other countries and regions in the Asia Pacific Economic Circle. It has unique geographical advantages and provides a rare opportunity to attract foreign investment, carry out domestic and foreign economic cooperation and promote the all-round development of mining instry
(2) the scale of the development strategy construction around Jiaozhou Bay is huge, and the development of the construction instry will be greatly increasedDayu county is located in the south of Jiangxi Province and the upper reaches of zhangshui, the West source of Ganjiang River. It covers an area of 1368 square kilometers and has a population of 243000. The county has a long history. It belonged to Nanye County in Qin Dynasty, Nankang County in Sui Dynasty and Dayu County in Tang Dynasty. After Song Dynasty, Nan'an was ruled by army, road and government. It was changed into Dayu County in 1957. It is named for its location at the northern foot of Dayu mountain. Dayu county is rich in tungsten resources, known as the "tungsten capital", is the largest tungsten base in China<
tungsten, a metal element, is hard and brittle crystal, high temperature resistant and widely used. It is an important raw material for steel, electrical appliances, chemical instry and national defense instry. In recent years, tungsten has shown its important role in the field of cutting-edge science and technology. China is the country with the largest tungsten reserves and proction, known as the "Kingdom of tungsten proction". According to the relevant data in 1977, China ranks first in tungsten reserves in the world, accounting for 53.6%; Canada came second, accounting for 12.1%; The Soviet Union ranks third, accounting for about 8.9%. In the national tungsten reserves, Jiangxi Province is the largest in China, more than North China, Northwest China, Southwest China and Central South China. The tungsten reserves of Dayu County, Jiangxi Province, not only ranks first in Jiangxi Province and the whole country, but also ranks first in the world. Its reserves account for half of the country, accounting for nearly 27% of the world. After a long period of scenery and water erosion, tungsten mines here have become sand particles, which are dissolved with the sand layer of the hillside and its surrounding riverbed. They are almost everywhere. Even the soil used for paving roads and building houses can be used to refine tungsten. Xihuashan and other tungsten mines in the territory are world-famous tungsten mines, which can be mined in the open pit. In addition, there are abundant coal fields and abundant water resources around the tungsten ore belt, which provide convenient power conditions for tungsten ore refining. The tungsten ore proced in our country not only meets the domestic demand, but also exports a considerable part to foreign countries. 60% of the tungsten concentrate proced by the famous Ganzhou nonferrous metal smelter is exported to the international market; Ganzhou Tungsten Molybdenum Material Factory is also one of the famous tungsten wire manufacturers in China. Their apt procts, Shuangfei brand stranded tungsten wire, tungsten rod and other procts are exported to more than ten countries and regions. Stranded tungsten wire and pickling tungsten bar have also won the national excellent new proct certificate and gold medal. They are really worthy of being the largest tungsten mine base in China
e to its long history, Dayu county also has many places of interest and historic sites. The most famous ones are Meiguan, which is known as "the first pass in the south of the five ridges", Meishan, which has a long history of ancient post road, beautiful scenery and ancient poets' inscriptions, Jiayou temple tower in Song Dynasty, and Yashan Lingyan temple in Tang Dynasty. In 1934, after the main force of the central workers' and peasants' Red Army of the Soviet Area went northward on the Long March, the Red Army led by Comrade Chen Yi left revolutionary memorial sites such as revolutionary memorial sites, martyr's cemetery and martyr Liu Bojian's tomb in the areas of Meiling, Youshan and maomaofeng, which persisted in the arous three-year guerrilla war
the traditional specialty here is "Nan'an salted ck", which is well-known at home and abroad and sells well in Southeast Asian countries, Hong Kong and Macao.
The most basic tools for car beauty are: air pump, waxing machine, glaze sealing machine, vacuum cleaner, polishing machine, electric wrench, hot air gun (film) deer skin, bath towel (pure cotton), towel (pure cotton), car washing machine, foaming machine, and related detergent based car beauty procts, Can be purchased in the nearest automobile fittings wholesale department
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proceres you need to go through:
first apply for the indivial business license, and then apply for & lt; Tax registration certificate;, If you are to join, for business license, the city should also provide joining proceres, in addition to these, there is no other certificate you need to deal with. Join a more favorable, advantage is that the channel of purchase and training is unified, avoid you everywhere purchase distress, can also transfer goods
the steps you need to apply for a certificate:
a go to the local instrial and commercial office first to approve the name of a brand. There are several more brand names (where you are engaged in business), because you can't use them with plicate names The term of validity of shop names approved by the Administration for Instry and commerce is within 20 days from the date of approval. With three one inch photos, two copies of ID card, one of house rental contract, and approval letter of brand name, you can apply for a business license. Now the work is speeding up, and you can get a business license in about 10 minutes
b it's very simple to go to the tax bureau for the tax registration certificate with the instrial and commercial business license. OK, your proceres are complete
cost problem:
1: monthly business administration fee; In March every year, the instrial and commercial office should verify the stickers for your indivial business license, and the cost is not high
2: if your monthly operating amount does not exceed 5000 yuan, you will not have to pay tax, which is stipulated by the state
3: you need to have a reemployment preferential certificate, i.e. the laid-off certificate, the instrial and commercial tax can give you a three-year fee rection, and only the cost of processing the certificate will be charged
the amount of the certificate is not uniform in different places, and the specific reference is the local policy
car beauty refers to the maintenance conditions of different parts of the car with different materials, using different car beauty care supplies and construction technology to maintain the car“ "Car care" originated from western developed countries, and its English name is "car care"
e to the development of automobile instry, the popularity of social consumption fashion, and the influence of people's curiosity and pursuit of new ideas, the new models in these countries are updated very fast, and the new chasers are unwilling to devalue the old cars in order to get new ones. Therefore, between the automobile consumption and the second-hand car market, the automobile beauty and decoration instry emerges as the times require. In other words, automobile beauty is the inevitable proct of the rapid development of instrial economy, the progress of consumption concept and the growing popularity of automobile culture