Euro pool
The earliest is a kind of network virtual currency. It is characterized by decentralization, anonymity, and can only be used in the digital world. It does not belong to any country or financial institution, and is not subject to geographical restrictions. It can be exchanged anywhere in the world. Therefore, it is used as a money laundering tool by some criminals. In 2013, the U.S. government recognized the legal status of bitcoin, making the price of bitcoin soar
< H2 > extended information:bitcoin is e-cash similar to e-mail. Both parties need "bitcoin wallet" similar to e-mail and "bitcoin address" similar to e-mail address. Just like sending and receiving e-mail, the remitter pays bitcoin directly to the other party through a computer or smart phone according to the recipient's address
starting from the essence of bitcoin, the essence of bitcoin is actually a special solution generated by a bunch of complex algorithms. A special solution is one of the infinite (in fact, bitcoin is finite) solutions that can be obtained from the equations. Every particular solution can solve the equation and is unique
many websites for technology players have begun to accept bitcoin transactions. Websites such as mtgox and btcchina, as well as some Taobao stores, can even accept services such as bitcoin exchange for us dollars and euro. There is no doubt that bitcoin has become a real currency in circulation, rather than a virtual currency like Tencent Q coin
Background: the financial application of blockchain technology brings high investment value
2018 China international big data instry Expo opened in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province on the 26th. At the meeting, it was pointed out that China will vigorously develop the digital economy in the future, deeply implement the action plan for the development of big data and cloud computing, and deeply study blockchain technology and application. Especially in the field of finance, the landing application has become the focus of the scientific and financial circles
1. The value source of blockchain is that it can perfectly solve the pain points of the current financial instry:
in today's asset securitization, insurance, supply chain finance, commodity trading, asset custody and other financial scenarios, e to many participants, high cost of credit evaluation, low settlement efficiency of intermediary institutions and other reasons, Traditional financial service methods are difficult to effectively solve the long-standing core pain points in the instry, such as information asymmetry, complex and rendant processes, and high information verification cost
2. Why can blockchain solve the above pain points:
blockchain technology integrates many basic technologies, such as distributed accounting, tamper proof, built-in contract, etc., and constructs a trust building mechanism with lower cost. The financial application based on blockchain technology can realize the ability of all market participants to obtain all transaction information and asset ownership records in the market without discrimination, and effectively solve the problem of information asymmetry; Smart contract embedding reces the error rate of payment and settlement, simplifies the process and improves efficiency; At the same time, based on transparent information and brand-new trust mechanism, there is no need to spend manpower, material resources and financial resources to confirm information among participants, which will greatly rece the trust cost between institutions, and then rece the price of financial services and transaction costs
3. The application of blockchain technology in the financial field mainly includes the following aspects:
among which bitcoin is the most famous. On the basis of bitcoin, a large number of other types of decentralized digital currencies have been derived. Such as: the heyday of bits
Compared with the traditional payment system, blockchain payment can directly carry out end-to-end payment for both parties without the help of the banking system, which can greatly improve the speed and rece the cost③ digital bills
④ bank credit management: the advantage of blockchain is that it can rely on program algorithm to automatically record credit related information and store it on every computer in the blockchain network, with transparent information, tamper proof and low cost
The major financial institutions and exchanges in Europe and the United States have explored the application research of building the next generation of financial asset trading platform based on blockchain technology4. The development prospect of blockchain. The future development of blockchain technology will have the most vitality with alliance chain as the entry point, and will have a significant effect and far-reaching impact on the transformation of traditional financial instry pain points
in response to the good investment prospects of blockchain, domestic enterprises such as Alibaba, Jingdong and Netcom have entered the market. The application of financial scenarios based on blockchain technology not only brings us security and convenience, but also provides us with broader investment space. The rise and price surge of digital currency represented by bitcoin (bitcoin was about RMB 20 cents when it was first listed in 2009, and its current price is about US $7300!) It's the best proof that people with a keen sense of smell have made a lot of money from it
Abstract: This is an encrypted digital currency based on the bitcoin developed by Nakamoto Tsung, which improves and adds many new functions, such as the double-layer reward system network, also known as the main node network. It also includes anonymous payment to improve the interchangeability (bitage) and real-time payment function docking to realize real-time transaction confirmation without relying on the authority of the center (P2P mall) In 2009, Nakamoto put forward the concept of bitcoin. Since then, bitcoin has spread rapidly in mainstream applications and commercial uses, becoming the first digital currency to attract a large number of users, which is a milestone in the history of digital currency. However, from the perspective of completing the transaction, we can find an important problem, that is, it takes too long for bitcoin block to confirm the transaction. Traditional payment companies have found a solution to enable the buyer and the seller to realize zero confirmation of bitcoin transaction, but this solution usually requires a trusted third party to complete the transaction outside the agreementbitcoin provides pseudonym transaction, realizes the one-to-one transaction relationship between sender and receiver, and can always record the transactions occurred in the whole network. Bitcoin only provides low-level privacy protection, which is well known in academia. Despite this deficiency, many people still believe in the transfer history recorded by blockchain
based on Nakamoto's achievements, bitshengshi is an encrypted digital currency with the purpose of protecting privacy. We have made a series of improvements on the basis of the concept of bitcoin, resulting in a decentralized cryptocurrency with good anonymity. It supports tamper proof real-time transactions, and has a point-to-point sub network that can provide service reward system for bitsheng network
2. Master node network
the whole node is the server running on the P2P network, so that small nodes can use them to accept the dynamic changes from the whole network. These all nodes need significant traffic and other resources that consume a lot of cost. Therefore, it will be observed that the number of these nodes on the bitcoin network presents a steady downward trend over a period of time, so that the block broadcast time needs an additional 40 seconds. In order to solve this problem, many solutions have been put forward, such as the introction of Microsoft Research's new incentive plan and bitnodes incentive plan
Figure 6: mining reward model
when it comes to the big three of traditional contracts, I have to mention bitmex. This old exchange was once the largest bitcoin contract trading platform in the world. With the advantages of good market depth and low transaction fees, it has long been at the top of the global exchanges only by contract trading. On the evening of May 19, bitmex suddenly went down, and investors could not operate normally for more than an hour. The last outage occurred two months ago. Although bitmex is still in the leading camp in the field of contract exchanges, its aura is much dimmer than at its peak. Repeated downtime and successive court cases have made many users suspicious of the platform and added uncertainty to the future of the platform
according to the latest data from skew, a cryptocurrency derivatives analysis company, bitmex ranked fourth with us $2.17 billion in the 24-hour BTC contract trading volume of the exchange, followed by fire coin, okex and coin an, with trading volumes of US $4.08 billion, US $3.93 billion and US $35.4 respectively, among which fire coin ranked first was nearly twice as high as bitmex. It can be seen that the performance of the old contract exchange's hot money and okex is still good. In just three months, the online perpetual contract of Huo coin won the first place in trading volume, which is closely related to the global compliance, mine pool, public chain, HT and other invisible values behind Huo coin group. On the other hand, however, when faced with the "312 exam", Huo coin and okex did not seem to go smoothly. For a while, problems such as pin insertion, downtime, network cable pulling, and inability to close positions swarmed in, and even the headquarters rights protection incident occurred. Like bitmex, customers of both exchanges are questioning whether this is a manifestation of "shoplifting"? In the face of extremely high trading volume and accumulated instry reputation over the past few years, how should Xiaosan choose
in September 2019, Jex, the cryptocurrency derivatives platform, was acquired by the security capital, and a / b double contracts were launched in parallel. Almost at the same time, bitmex's official twitter also targeted "plagiarism" at coin an. From open margin trading to futures and options, currency security is following the path of contracts. It seems that the way of currency security entering the contract is not smooth: a series of scandals, such as deliberate pin insertion, K-line optimization and early position explosion, also broke out. But these still can't stop coin an from taking a share in the traditional contract giant's trading volume
of course, good depth, large user base and strong professionalism are the advantages of the first-line mainstream exchanges. The other side of the coin, such as bitmex's too professional user interface, has turned away many new retail investors and Xiao users. At the same time, KOL, big V and local communities, which have strong capacity to bring volume, resolutely join in the arms of emerging exchanges such as bybit and bitge e to low commission rebate and low handling charges
all along, bybit's image in the circle is more like an "overseas player". According to official data, most users of bybit are located in Europe, with only 20% in Asia. In addition, bybit performs well in proct experience and other aspects, and the proct interface is single and clear, which can give users a better visual experience. Recently, the relevant person in charge of bybit said that it is necessary to vigorously develop the domestic market, but at present, there are few bybit contract varieties, and the Chinese market contract market competition is white hot, and the customer demand is diversified. If it wants to sink, I wonder if it will be acclimatized? Let's see
bitget is starting to make its mark in the contract instry this year. Because of its strong user experience and customer service, it has attracted a large number of Xiao users, and has good trading depth, so it is called "black horse of contract trading" in the circle. Recently, the newly launched one click merchandising proct is widely praised for its focus on solving the two-way pain points of users and traders. It is especially suitable for small white users and can play contracts without threshold. According to the evaluation on social network, bitget didn't go down in the two extreme markets of last year's "9.25" and this year's "3.12". The drawback is that although the positive and negative currencies are complete, before bitget only had one warehouse by one, not the whole warehouse, some users will not be used to it. Fortunately, now this function is online. It's a good choice
emerging exchange FTX was established in 2019. According to skew, a well-known data website, the daily trading volume of eth futures jumped to a record high of US $245 million on February 28, an increase of 51% compared with us $162 million on February 25. Behind the gorgeous trading data, the CEO of FTX fell into the scandal of misappropriating the assets of exchange customers, which also dragged FTX into a negative quagmire. According to the relevant data, most of FTX customers are from quantitative organizations, and the operation interface also stays at the PC side. At present, the app version has not been launched. For most domestic retail investors who are used to mobile Internet, inconvenient use is one of the biggest problems.
In 2016, the global ranking of virtual currency is respectively as follows:
< H2 > bitcoin, Leyte, Ecuadorian, reborn, bitstock, doggy, Diablo, futurecoin, diandiancoin and Xingxing < H2 > first place: bitcoinsince its release in 2009, bitcoin has become the most well-known virtual currency. This virtual currency was developed by indivials or organizations under the pseudonym of "Nakamoto Tsung" (whose real identity has always been unknown), and is mainly used by online merchants. However, in recent years, some small physical merchants have begun to accept bitcoin payment. Through complex algorithms and a large number of computing resources, users can obtain bitcoin through "mining". Of course, they can also purchase bitcoin through exchanges or services like bitinstagnt and coinbase. The total amount of bitcoin that can be mined is about 21 million, while the current mining amount has exceeded 11 million. Bitcoin has attracted the attention of Western Union, MoneyGram and paypal. It is reported that these services are evaluating whether users are allowed to use bitcoin on their respective platforms
< H2 > second place: lightcoinlightcoin is inspired by bitcoin (BTC) and has the same implementation principle in technology. The creation and transfer of lightcoin is based on an open source encryption protocol and is not managed by any central organization. Lightcoin aims to improve bitcoin. Compared with bitcoin, lightcoin has three significant differences. First, the lightcoin network can process a block every 2.5 minutes (instead of 10 minutes), so it can provide faster transaction confirmation. Second, the lightcoin network is expected to proce 84 million lightcoins, four times the amount of money issued by bitcoin network. Thirdly, the scrypt encryption algorithm first proposed by Colin Percival is used in lightcoin's workload proof algorithm, which makes it easier to mine lightcoin on ordinary computer than bitcoin. Each Leyte coin is divided into 100000000 smaller units, and the third place is defined by eight decimal places: Ecuadorian currency. In December 2014, Ecuador launched the "electronic currency system"
Ecuadorian currency, or EDC, which is a digital currency issued by the Central Bank of the government of Ecuador. In December 2014, the Ecuadorian market was launched, In 2015, the number of Ecuadorian currency members reached 500000, which will be recognized and sought after by investors after launching the European market and Asian market in 2015, and achieve a complete success. It will strongly launch the Chinese market at the end of September 2016, and will issue a limited number of 50 million pieces in China, which has a strong scarcity! This is an international hot topic with a wide range of admirers in the world. Historical currency is a kind of P2P digital code. Ecuadorian currency is not issued by a specific monetary institution. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm. Ecuadorian currency economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions
decentralized encrypted digital currency has no issuing institution, and it does not belong to any indivial, institution, bank or country, so it cannot be shut down. Ecuadorian coin mining machine is mining 24 hours a day, and the extracted Ecuadorian coin can be traded through the trading platform to obtain profits. Ecuadorian coin mining refers to the scrypt algorithm, The process of collecting and sorting the transaction information that has not been recognized by Ecuadorian currency in the past period of time, broadcasting to all nodes in the whole network, and finally being recognized by all nodes and getting Ecuadorian currency. Mining is the only way to issue new currency, which plays an important role in issuing new currency, maintaining Ecuadorian payment function and ensuring system security
Like bitcoin, XRP is a digital currency based on Mathematics and cryptography. However, unlike bitcoin, XRP has no real purpose. XRP has the main function of bridging currency and ensuring security in ripple system, among which the function of ensuring security is indispensable, This requires that all gateways participating in this protocol must hold a small amount of XRPin theory, gateways don't need to buy many xrps, and their prices are very cheap. One XRP is only 0.4 cent (as of March 14, 2015, its price has risen to about 1 cent). Like bitcoin, the number of xrps can not be "over issued" (the total number is 100 billion), but since a small amount of xrps will be destroyed in each transaction, it means that the number of xrps will graally decrease. If ripple protocol can become the global mainstream payment protocol, the gateway's demand for XRP will be more extensive - the demand is strong but the quantity is decreasing, which will lead to the appreciation of XRP
< H2 > fifth place: bitstocksbitstocks adopt an architecture similar to bitcoin blockchain. In the bitcoin blockchain architecture, each transaction data must be written from the previous transaction data, and new outputs are generated almost at the same time to be used for future transaction data writing. Each stroke can only be used once under certain conditions. Each transaction output contains the balance information of bitcoin, proving that it can be used for future transactions. In order not to proce bitcoin out of nothing, the write value of the transaction must be greater than the output value
bitcoin uses a simple script language to evaluate the situation that the balance is insufficient when the transaction is output; However, most of the transaction output only needs the holder's encrypted signature
< H2 > sixth place: dogcoindogcoin, some people call it "dogcoin", was born on December 8, 2013, based on the scrypt algorithm, is the second largest virtual currency in the world after bitcoin in the number of users [1]. Digital currency is a global currency initiated by non-governmental organizations. It does not belong to a certain country, but belongs to the whole mankind. It has the advantages of fast global transfer. For example, it can remit money from China to the United States in a few seconds, with low cost, and the total amount will not be increased at will like legal money, so the total amount is relatively stable
after the launch of dogcoin system, e to the help of reddit (the doge content on this website overflows horribly), the traffic shows an explosive development. However, in two weeks, dogcoin has launched a special blog and forum, with a market value of 100 million as of June 9, 2015. Because there is no pre dig, dog coin distribution is fair, charity, reward culture is popular, and user development is amazing and rapid. On June 9, 2015, the number of Dog Coin client addresses was 1.6 million, more than five times that of Wright coin; The number of active client addresses is 196000 in bitcoin, 83000 in dogcoin and 11000 in lightcoin; There are more than 150000 foreign Twitter users, 1.7 times of bitcoin and 6 times of lightcoin. Facebook likes are the same as bitcoin, far more than lightcoin [2]. The daily real transaction volume has been ranked in the top three of virtual currency for a long time, which is still not as good as the result obtained before the big platform [3]. The biggest value of the enterprise Internet era is the huge number of users. It took one year for the user base of dogcoin to reach one third of the number of bitcoin users, and the seventh place is lightcoin, which is four times the number of bitcoin users. A special solution is one of the infinite (in fact, bitcoin is finite) solutions that can be obtained from the equations. Every particular solution can solve the equation and is unique[ 8] In the metaphor of RMB, black money is the serial number of RMB. If you know the serial number of a note, you have the note. The process of mining is to constantly seek the special solution of the equation system through huge amount of calculation. The equation system is designed to have only 22 million special solutions, so the upper limit of bitcoin is 22 million[ 8]
to mine the dark coin, you can download the special dark coin calculation tool, register various cooperative mine pool websites, fill the registered user name and password (miner user) into the calculation program, and then click the operation to officially start. After completing the installation of the darkcoin client, you can directly obtain a darkcoin address. When others pay, you only need to post the address to others, and you can pay through the same client. After installing the Black Coin client, it will distribute a private key and a public key. You need to back up your wallet data containing your private key to ensure that your property is not lost. Unfortunately, if the hard disk is completely formatted, the personal dark coin will be completely lost
2. Digital currency is a kind of unregulated and digital currency, which is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of specific virtual communities. The European Banking authority defines virtual currency as a digital representation of value, which is not issued by the central bank or authorities, nor linked with legal currency. However, because it is accepted by the public, it can be used as a means of payment, or it can be transferred, stored or traded in electronic form
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This is a Linux system IP address configuration command. The specific meaning is:
set the IP address of the system to 192.168.0.2; The subnet mask is 24, that is 255.255.255.0; The broadcast address is 192.168.0.255; The name of NIC device is eth0
all computers in the network must set a unique IP address to communicate normally. Because of this unique address, users can select the objects they need from thousands of computers efficiently and conveniently when they operate on networked computers
The IP address is just like our home address. If you want to write to a person, you need to know his or her address so that the postman can deliver the letter. A computer sending information is like a postman. It must know the only "home address" to avoid sending the letter to the wrong person. But our address is expressed in words, the address of the computer is expressed in binary numbers eth0 is the name set by the system for the network card. If there are al network cards or multiple network cards, there will be names like eth1 and eth2. The name can be set artificially. It is the unique name of the network card in the current computer system
on May 26 this year, the Central Bank of Lithuania invited IBM, Deloitte, etc. to conct a live roadshow on the outstanding graation project of lbchain, the financial technology supervision sandbox of the Central Bank of Lithuania. The probe exchange is one of the roadshows. In November last year, probe exchange became the only project of lbchain sandbox test with team members from China
different from the common cryptocurrency exchanges in the market, probe exchange is a compliant cross-border digital asset issuance and trading platform, which holds the EU compliant financial license and can be supervised by the regulatory authorities technically. The whole technology and supervision process of digital assets is very complex. What probe exchange needs to do is to simplify the whole process and realize automation, so that every company can manage the digital assets of issuing securities on the probe platform through the step-by-step operation process on the probe platform. The trading of the exchange runs on the fabric network of IBM super ledger. Users or investors only need to deposit legal currency into the system to receive Euro stable currency eurt, and then they can use eurt to buy and sell various securities digital assets on the probe
at the graation roadshow on May 26, the Lithuanian central bank evaluated the significance of the financial technology practice of the probe exchange to digital assets, especially in opening up Asian and European markets. On June 1, the probe exchange obtained the graation requirements of the Lithuanian central bank, and thus walked out of the sandbox and into the market
in less than two months, probe exchange has reached cooperation agreements with kangjia and shanque canteen, and has successively signed strategic cooperation agreements with other companies
shengshang international is a Singapore group company with many years of experience in blockchain, artificial intelligence and Internet of things technology services. This landing probe will be beneficial to the increase of the whole network computing power of shengshang international and provide better services for the chain reform of various instries. It will transform the business process and social organization governance mechanism of the existing instries. The goal is to transform the proction relations and improve the efficiency. The result is the reconstruction and reorganization of the business process. The process is the decentralization of the business system and the disintermediation of the business process, The premise and foundation of chain reform is the distribution and storage of data on the chain, that is, the change of data possession and data organization
shengshang international capitalizes the income of computing power on the chain. The expected return of this asset is estimated according to the bitcoin network computing power of 110eh / s and BTC price of 65000rmb, with a monthly return rate of 3% - 25%
it is worth noting that shengshang international is the first project introced by the Star Alliance Foundation and the Lithuanian probe after reaching a strategic cooperation agreement. On July 15, the Lithuanian government and the Star Alliance Foundation signed a cooperation agreement. According to the Star Alliance Foundation, 100 entity enterprises will be introced to the probe exchange in the future. Digital asset trading is stepping into the era of scale<
picture: signing ceremony of Lithuanian probe and Xingmeng foundation
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