How to confirm miner poisoning

1. The concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's idea, open source software was designed and released, and P2P network was built on it. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
unlike most currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses cryptography design to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million
mining machine is a tool for procing and mining bitcoin

2. How to use the three technical indicators to understand the rise and fall of bitcoin

coincola coying Cola
Global innovative digital asset trading platform
how to use the three technical indicators to understand the rise and fall of bitcoin
6 people agreed with the article
read it for you
4 minutes
recently, "bitcoin broke through $8000" has been on the hot search. For a while, bitcoin rose, reborn rose sharply, and Ethereum led the rise... A week later, this big play dominated by bitcoin didn't seem to come to an end, and the trading volume was once pushed up to 100 billion US dollars

in the investment world, "madness" and "fear" coexist. Today's "madness" stems from last year's long-term "fear". However, this time, coincola Cola Research Institute tracks and analyzes the technical indicators behind the rising market, and deconstructs the "passion" of the market with the "rationality" of data< (1) mining and bitcoin price

start with the relationship between mining and bitcoin. The core technology of bitcoin is "blockchain", which is connected by blocks. Each block corresponds to a bill. All transaction information and transfer records of bitcoin are recorded on the blockchain. Every other point in time, the bitcoin system will generate a random code on the system node. Due to distributed accounting, all computers on the Internet can search for the code. Whoever finds the code will generate a block and then get bitcoin. This process is mining. Calculating this random code requires a lot of GPU operations, so miners need to use mining machines with massive graphics cards to make profits

1. Bitcoin computing power: starting to pick up

remarks: June 2018-may 2019 bitcoin hash value

data source: bitcoin visual, coincola Research Institute

the above figure shows the bitcoin hash value. The hash value of the bitcoin network represents the computing power of the blockchain. The growth of computing power means that miners increase mining investment or increase the number of miners. Since the second half of 2018, the hash value has recovered from falling back to picking up, from 32eh / s at the end of the year to 50eh / s now, and the recent growth trend is remarkable. The continuous growth of bitcoin hash value (representing computing power) indicates that the market is optimistic about the future of bitcoin

2. Mining difficulty: stepped up

remarks: bitcoin difficulty from June 2018 to may 2019

data source: bitcoin visual, coincola Research Institute

the figure above shows bitcoin difficulty. Since 2019, the difficulty of bitcoin mining has increased in a step-by-step manner, from the low 5T to the current 7T. It can be seen that the rapid rise of bitcoin in this round has reced mining costs and increased market entry personnel. The increasing difficulty of mining means that there are profit opportunities in cryptocurrency market, and the market is generally optimistic< (2) the number of active addresses and transactions on the chain are important indicators reflecting the activity of cryptocurrency, which are highly correlated with the price of cryptocurrency

1. The number of active addresses on the bitcoin chain: a straight line rise

remarks: the number of active addresses on the bitcoin chain from June 2018 to may 2019

data source: coinmetrics, coincola Research Institute

active addresses refer to the addresses where transactions have taken place every day, that is, how many independent addresses conct transfer transactions on the chain every day. Since 2019, the number of active addresses on the bitcoin chain has been rising, especially in recent years. From 540.60143k in January to 832.592k now. It shows that the rapid growth of active users of cryptocurrency is a very positive signal for the market

2. The number of transactions on the bitcoin chain: continued to rise

remarks: the number of transactions on the bitcoin chain from June 2018 to may 2019

data source: bitinfo charts, coincola Research Institute

since 2019, the number of transactions on the bitcoin chain has continued to rise, from 235k in early 2019 to 374k now. Moreover, since April and may, after two rounds of sharp rise in the price of bitcoin, the number of transactions on the chain has remained at a high level, even showing signs of a short-term surge< (3) lightning network and bitcoin price

in essence, lightning network adds a layer to the basic layer of bitcoin blockchain in order to make the transaction fast and cheap. With the existence of lightning network, users can remit money to each other at any time and pay very little. Lightning network represents not only the technical level of bitcoin, but also the important basis of bitcoin value

1. Lightning network nodes: rapid growth

remarks: bitcoin lightning network nodes from January 2018 to may 2019

data source: bitinfo charts, coincola Research Institute

the test version of lightning network started on the bitcoin main network on March 15, 2018. The number of lightning network nodes was only 64 at the beginning of 2018 and increased to 2329 at the end of 2018. Since 2019, the number of lightning network nodes has increased rapidly, and now it has reached 4289. In less than half a year, the number of nodes has doubled. The continuous expansion of nodes indicates the continuous upgrading and development of bitcoin lightning network technology, which is an important indicator of bitcoin price

2. Lightning network capacity: speed up

remarks: bitcoin lightning network capacity from January 2018 to may 2019

data source: bitcoin visual, coincola Research Institute

the data above shows that as of May 15, 2019, bitcoin lightning network capacity has increased to 1039 BTC, equivalent to 833usd, while at the beginning of 2019, it is only 504btc, Lightning network capacity doubled, and the growth rate accelerated. This means that the expansion of bitcoin has been well solved in lightning network technology, which will help keep the payment channel active and effectively support the functional application of bitcoin

the performance of mining, chain trading and lightning network is closely related to the price of bitcoin. On the one hand, the rise of bitcoin price acts as a catalyst to stimulate its performance in mining, chain and lightning network; On the other hand, mining, chain trading and lightning network are the important cornerstone of bitcoin price trend and the important basis of bitcoin price expectation<

the right of the editor belongs to the author on May 21, 2019.
apply for reprint and share it with
&< br />​< br />​
coy Cola
bitcoin
Mining
comments

add comments...
recommended reading
Introction | what is mining< Bitcoin and blockchain are so popular that mining is no longer a new term. Many people agree with bitcoin's article. 123
understanding bitcoin mining in 3 minutes
many people outside the instry don't understand mining, such as hashing, fault tolerance, accounting, and blocking, and finally make a mining, It's all a mystery made by people in the instry. To write this short article is to elaborate several concepts, so that people outside the instry can quickly understand...
yuan Geng's article · 70 agrees with
a brief analysis of the top 20 virtual currencies
BTC bitcoin ranks first in market value, which is known as the "king of ten thousand coins", The article of "digital gold" real...
blockchain deposit · 15 agrees with
three minutes to understand what bitcoin is
1. The money we spend when we go to the center is issued by the national government, and the government and the law are all...
the article of up chain reference · 178 agrees with
what is bitcoin mining
coin 101 will use the most accurate, popular and concise language to introce the relevant basis of blockchain to you...
Dr. Yi's article · 8 agrees with
the difficulty and income calculation of bitcoin mining
foreword recently, we are very concerned about one thing, that is, after the BCC bifurcation, e to the difficulty adjustment and price rise, the miners in order to obtain higher income, He began to move to BCC for mining, but e to the influx of computing power, the next difficulty cycle will increase, and the miners will move to BTC again...
Article 42 of Bibo... Agrees with
the prediction about the collapse time of bitcoin
yesterday, he discussed bitcoin with people, and then suddenly found that the surge brought by the listing of futures may be the pit g by some big institutions, Bitcoin could collapse shortly after CME's CBOE listing. After the listing, the price will maintain a certain stability in a certain range

3. The mining of virtual currency is a process of using computer hardware to do mathematical calculation for virtual currency network to confirm transactions and improve security. As a reward for their service, miners can get the Commission included in the transaction they confirm, as well as the newly created virtual currency. Mining is a professional and competitive market. The bonus is divided according to the amount of calculation
however, some Shanzhai coins are purely tools for developers and users to earn money. There are two main ways to make money by using virtual coins: one is mining. For example, if you want to obtain bitcoin, you must use a professional ASIC miner to mine (Avalon miner), and the bitcoin obtained from mining can be traded on the trading platform; The other is trading on the trading platform and making money by using the price difference

4. The total number of lightcoin is three times that of bitcoin. The total number of bitcoin is 21 million, and the total number of lightcoin is 84 million

it is based on bitcoin protocol, but different from bitcoin, it can also "mine" efficiently through consumer hardware. Liteoin provides you with faster transaction confirmation (2.5 minutes on average). It uses hard memory and mining workload proof algorithm based on scrypt (an encryption algorithm). It is oriented to ordinary computer and graphics processor (GPU) used by most people. The litecain network is expected to proce 84 million currency units

one of the design purposes of litecoin is to provide a mining algorithm, which can be run simultaneously on the machine mining bitcoin. As the application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designed for bitcoin mining (Avalon proced the world's first ASIC bitcoin miner in 2012) graally emerged, litecoin also followed the technological evolution. But before the widespread use of litecoin currency, it is unlikely that there will be an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) specially designed for litecoin. But in fact, under the expulsion of interests, there has been an ASIC miner with scrypt algorithm, and the competition has become white hot. Many people claim that the recent decline of Leyte coin has something to do with the manufacturers of Leyte coin miner

similarly, at present, the competition among bitcoin mining machine manufacturers is still fierce. Since Avalon proced the world's first ASIC bitcoin miner, so far, it has upgraded three generations of miner chips, and the fourth generation of 28nm miner will come out soon.

5.

No illegal
in the bitcoin risk notice jointly issued by the people's Bank of China and other five ministries and commissions at the end of 2013, bitcoin is clearly defined as a special Internet commodity, and people can buy and sell it freely at their own risk. But it denies the monetary nature of bitcoin< The Article 143 of the general provisions of the civil law stipulates that "the civil legal act with the following conditions is valid:
(1) the actor has the corresponding capacity for civil conct< (2) the expression of intention is true< (3) it does not violate the mandatory provisions of laws and administrative regulations, public order and good customs. " The announcement of the seven ministries and commissions is neither a law nor an administrative regulation, and can not be used as a legal basis for judging whether a civil juristic act is valid or not; The law does not go back to the past. Therefore, the bitcoin transaction has legal effect, and the bitcoin obtained from the transaction is protected by law. Therefore, legal disputes arising from trading activities, including civil or criminal cases, should be subject to jurisdiction. Courts or public security organs can not refuse to accept bitcoin because they think bitcoin is not protected by law

extended information:

{rrrrrrr}

transaction mode

bitcoin is e-cash similar to e-mail, and both parties need "bitcoin wallet" similar to e-mail and "bitcoin address" similar to e-mail address. Just like sending and receiving e-mail, the remitter pays bitcoin directly to the other party through a computer or smart phone according to the recipient's address. The following table lists some websites that download bitcoin wallets and addresses for free

a bitcoin address is a string of about 33 characters long, consisting of letters and numbers, always starting with 1 or 3, such as & quot& quot; Bitcoin software can generate address automatically, and it does not need to exchange information online when generating address, so it can be offline [2]. More than 2 bitcoin addresses are available. Figuratively speaking, there are about two grains of sand in the world. If there is an earth in each grain of sand, then the total number of bitcoin addresses far exceeds the number of all the sand on all these "earths"

the bitcoin address and private key appear in pairs, and their relationship is just like the bank card number and password. A bitcoin address is like a bank card number, which records how much bitcoin you have on it. You can generate bitcoin address at will to store bitcoin. When each bitcoin address is generated, a corresponding private key of the address will be generated. This private key proves that you have ownership of the bitcoin at that address. We can simply understand the bitcoin address as the bank card number, and the private key of the address as the password of the corresponding bank card number. Only when you know the bank password can you use the money on the bank card number. Therefore, please keep your address and private key when using bitcoin wallet

after the transaction data of bitcoin is packaged into a "data block" or "block", the transaction is initially confirmed. When a block is linked to a previous block, the transaction is further confirmed. After six block confirmations in a row, the transaction was irreversibly confirmed. Bitcoin P2P stores all transaction history in a "blockchain.". The blockchain continues to extend, and once new blocks are added to the blockchain, they will not be removed. Blockchain is actually a distributed database composed of a group of scattered client nodes and all participants, which is a record of all bitcoin transaction history. Nakamoto predicts that when the amount of data increases, users hope that not all the data will be stored in their own nodes. In order to achieve this goal, he uses the hash function mechanism. In this way, the client will be able to automatically eliminate those parts that it will never use, such as some very early bitcoin transactions

6. Bitcoin mining is to use the computing power of your mining equipment to calculate mathematical problems and confirm transactions. The system will give unequal bitcoin rewards according to the amount of computing power you contribute to the whole network. Bitcoin mining has gone through three stages. In the first stage, we use CPU to mine, because there are few people mining; The second stage, we use the graphics card mining, popular point is burning graphics card mining, players began to wake up; In the third stage, professional ASIC mining machines are used for mining. Starting from Avalon's mining machines and the introction of cat roasting mining machines into the market, the computing power in this stage is surging, and the mining difficulty is increasing. In the following period, new mining machine manufacturers continue to join the mining machine instry. However, with the increase of computing power and the progress of technology, Some mining machinery manufacturers began to go bankrupt or fade out of the market. Avalon has always been active in people's field of vision and constantly launched new chips. At present, Avalon has launched three generations of mining machinery chips, and the fourth generation will soon be launched.

7.

Micro mining machine is a kind of mining machine, which is a computer used to earn bitcoin. This kind of computer generally has professional mining crystal, and works in the way of burning graphics card, which consumes a lot of power. One of the ways to get bitcoin is that users download software from personal computers and then run specific algorithms to communicate with remote servers to get the corresponding bitcoin

functions of mining machine:

mining machine is one of the ways to obtain bitcoin Bitcoin is a kind of network virtual currency proced by open source P2P software. It doesn't rely on a specific currency institution to issue, but is generated by a large number of calculations of a specific algorithm. It uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions economically

The decentralized feature and algorithm of

P2P can ensure that the currency cannot be manipulated by mass proction. Any computer can become a mining machine, but the profit will be relatively low, and there may not be one in ten years. Many companies have developed professional mining machines, which are equipped with special mining crystal. They are tens or hundreds of times higher than ordinary computers

extended data:

types of mining machine:

1. CDN mining machine

with the emergence of Xunlei game cloud, a new mining machine, called CDN mining machine, appeared. This miner, because it doesn't need too strong performance, is just a router or TV box. Thunderplay cloud uses a unique consensus mechanism, not by contributing computing power, but by contributing network bandwidth and storage space

2. FPGA miner

FPGA miner, it is a hardware base plate, equivalent to a piece of white paper, what kind of function you want to achieve, write what kind of program to it. Compared with ASIC, the chip designed for specific purpose is much more flexible

3. Cloud miner

cloud miner is relative to local mining, which can be compared with the relationship between network disk and local hard disk. In short, you can use other people's mining machines remotely through the network instead of mining machines. It can be said to be a cloud application or a rental hosting service

source of reference: network mining machinery