The particle size of mechanical sintering ore becomes worse
the optimum feed size of centrifugal concentrator is 0.074-0.01mm
the main factors that affect the separation index of centrifugal concentrator are: feed rate, drum speed, feed concentration, separation cycle (operation cycle), etc. These factors and ore properties are related to separation requirements, and the best values of these factors are different for different ores
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There are many kinds of sand making machines. The internal structure of different sand making machines is different, and the discharge particle size of sand making machines is also different. In the actual proction of sand making machines, many users feedback that the grain size of machine-made sand procts is graally getting larger after a long time. What are the reasons for the grain size of machine-made sand becoming larger? The following is to summarize the main reasons and solutions for the larger and larger discharge particle size of sand making machine:
< H2 > 1, the impact of ore hardnessthe greater the ore hardness is, the more difficult the proction of sand making machine is, the greater the wear of sand making machine is, and it will also affect the proction speed and capacity of sand making machine. Therefore, in the selection of machine-made sand raw materials, we should choose the ore raw materials with moderate hardness as far as possible to avoid damaging the sand machine equipment and affecting the proction of machine-made sand
the failure of sand making machine mainly refers to the crushing parts of sand making machine, such as hammer head and crushing plate. If there is wear and fracture, it will rece the power of sand making machine and affect the grain size of machine-made sand. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain and repair the sanding machine frequently
< H2 > 5. There are foreign matters in the sand making machineif there are foreign matters or foreign matters in the sand making machine, the efficiency and discharge particle size of the sand making machine will be affected
(2) the sinter with basicity has good recibility. This is because the main phase of high basicity sinter is calcium ferrite which is easy to rece. At the same time, with the increase of basicity, FeO decreases and porosity increases, so the recibility is improved
(3) the softening starting and ending temperatures of high basicity sinter decrease, and the softening range becomes narrow, which is related to the formation of new low melting point compounds caused by the increase of basicity
(4) the sulfur content of high basicity sinter is increased. This is because Cao has the function of absorbing sulfur, forming CAS and remaining in the sinter. It can be identified by its properties
data show that different minerals have their optimal flotation particle size range. Too coarse (more than 0.1 mm) and too fine (more than 0.006 mm) particles are not concive to flotation, and the recovery is reced
timely determination of the fineness change of overflow can provide a basis for grinding and classification operation. In the case of no automatic particle size measurement and automatic adjustment, the rapid screening method can be generally used for detection. According to the regulations, the measurement should be made every 1-2 hours on site. If the fineness does not meet the requirements, the operation conditions of the grinding and classification equipment should be changed in time, such as adjusting the feeding rate of the mill, overflow concentration of the classifier, grinding concentration, etc
if the particle size composition of flotation concentrate and tailings is checked in time, the change of grinding fineness can also be found. If the loss of coarse particle size in tailings increases, the so-called "run coarse" indicates that the grinding fineness is not enough; If the main loss of metal is in the fine grade, it indicates that it has been ground, and the rough grinding and grading operation should be strengthened properly
coarse particles and ultra-fine particles (slime) have many special physical and chemical properties, and their flotation behavior is different from that of ordinary particles (0.001 mm). Therefore, special process conditions are required in the flotation process< Second, the technological measures of coarse-grained flotation
under the premise of particle monomer dissociation, coarse grinding flotation can save grinding cost and rece beneficiation cost. In the treatment of non-uniform disseminated ore and large porphyry copper ore, on the premise of ensuring the recovery rate of roughing, there is a trend of flotation after roughing. However, because the coarse ore particles are relatively heavy, it is not easy to suspend in the flotation machine, and the probability of collision with bubbles is reced. After adhering to bubbles, it is easy to fall off e to the large falling force. Therefore, the flotation effect of coarse particles is poor under general process conditions. In order to improve the flotation of coarse particles, the following special process conditions can be adopted
1. Selection and adjustment of flotation machine
practice has proved that the strong turbulent movement of pulp in the mechanical stirring flotation machine is the main factor to cause the ore particles to fall off from the bubble. Therefore, recing the turbulence intensity of pulp movement is the fundamental measure to ensure coarse particle flotation. For this reason, measures can be taken according to the specific conditions: (1) select special flotation machines suitable for coarse flotation, such as the ring type flotation machine (China), J Kainer (skinair) flotation machine (Finland), foam separation and fluidized flotation machine (former Soviet Union), etc. 2) Improve and adjust the structure and operation of conventional flotation machine, such as: rece the depth of the cell (using shallow cell type), shorten the flotation distance of mineralized bubbles, so as to avoid ore particles falling off; The upper part of the impeller area is added with a sieve to weaken the turbulence intensity of the slurry and keep the foam area stable. Increasing the amount of aeration and forming more large bubbles are concive to the formation of floating mass composed of bubbles and ore particles, and the coarse particles are "arched up"; When shaving, it should be quick and smooth
2. Increase the slurry concentration properly
3. Improve the reagent system
the purpose of selecting collectors with strong collecting power and reasonably increasing the reagent concentration is to enhance the fixation strength of minerals and bubbles and speed up the floating speed. In addition, adding non-polar oil, such as diesel oil, kerosene and other auxiliary collectors, can "consolidate" the three-phase contact periphery and enhance the fixation strength of minerals and bubbles< Third, the technological measures of fine flotation
fine usually refers to the slime less than 18 microns or less than 10 microns. Due to the characteristics of small mass and large specific surface area of fine ore particles (slime), a series of special behaviors of ore particles in the process of pulp blending and flotation are caused:
from the perspective of the interaction between particles, e to the significant enhancement of particle surface energy, under certain conditions, the interaction between different mineral particles is easy to occur and form non selective aggregation, The particles are easy to adhere to the surface of coarse particles and form a slime cover
in terms of the interaction between particles and media, particles have large specific surface area and surface energy, so they have high adsorption capacity and poor adsorption selectivity; With the increase of surface solubility, the "unavoidable ions" of pulp increase; The quality is easy to be entrapped by the mechanical entrainment of water and the mechanical entrainment of foam.
from the perspective of the interaction between particles and bubbles, e to the decrease of contact efficiency and adhesion efficiency, the capture rate of bubbles to ore particles is reced, and the "armor" phenomenon of slime with bubbles is proced, which affects the carrying capacity of bubbles
all the above behaviors are the main reasons for the slowing down of flotation speed, the deterioration of selectivity, the rection of recovery and the deterioration of flotation indexes< In order to rece and prevent the harmful effect of slime and strengthen fine-grained flotation, the following technological measures are often adopted in modern flotation practice:
(1) to eliminate and prevent the interference of slime on flotation process, the main measures are:
1. Desliming is a method to eliminate the effect of slime. For example, before flotation, a hydrocyclone is used to separate a certain size of slime, or the slime is discarded, or the slime and coarse sand are treated separately; For some easily floated slimes, a small amount of frother can be added before flotation
2. Adding mud dispersant to disperse the mud can eliminate the phenomenon of "mud covering" and the harmful effect of non selective mutual coagulation between particles. The commonly used mud dispersants include water glass, sodium carbonate, sodium hexametaphosphate, etc
3. Adding collectors in batches can not only keep the effective concentration of traditional Chinese medicine in pulp, but also improve the selectivity
4. can rece the pulp concentration of flotation and rece the concentration of flotation pulp. On the one hand, it can rece the concentration of concentrate. On the other hand, it can also rece pulp viscosity
(2) to improve the selectivity of flotation process, the collectors with chemisorption or chelation to fine minerals should be selected< (3) physical or chemical methods are used to increase the apparent particle size of the fine minerals and improve the flotation rate and selectivity of the minerals to be separated. The new processes developed in modern times based on this principle are as follows:
1. This method has been used in the flotation of fine hematite (Tilden concentrator, USA)
2. Carrier flotation uses the general flotation particle size as the carrier, so that the fine particles cover the carrier, and then float out together with the carrier. The carrier can be either the same carrier (mineral) or the different carrier (mineral)
3. agglomeration flotation is also known as emulsion flotation. Fine minerals are treated by collectors, and under the action of neutral oil, an oily foam with ore is formed. This method has been used to separate fine manganese ore, ilmenite and apatite. The operation conditions can be divided into two types: one is that the collector and neutral oil are first mixed into emulsion and added; The second is in the high concentration pulp (70% solid), adding neutral oil and collector, strong stirring
(4) under certain conditions, recing the bubble size can not only increase the gas-liquid interface, but also increase the collision probability and adhesion probability of particles, which is concive to the flotation of particulate minerals. The main processes are as follows:
1. Vacuum flotation uses a depressurization device to separate micro bubbles from the submerged liquid. The bubble size is generally 0.1-0.5mm. The results show that it is effective to separate barite, fluorite and quartz from water. When other conditions are the same, the grade of barite concentrate is 54.4% and the recovery is 30.6% by conventional flotation, while the grade can be increased to 53.6 ~ 63.6% by vacuum flotation, and the corresponding recovery is 52.9 ~ 45.7%
2 in electrolytic flotation, micro bubbles are obtained by electrolyzing water. The average bubble size is 0.02 ~ 0.06 mm. When it is used for flotation of Fine Cassiterite, the roughing recovery is significantly increased from 35.5% to 79.5%, and the grade is increased by 0.8%
in addition, other new processes have been developed in recent years, such as controlled dispersion flotation and branch flotation, which have been applied to the flotation of iron ore and WOLFRAMITE SLIME with good results.
however, it should be noted that when the grinding proct is required to be coarse, the variation of mill proctivity with feed particle size is obvious, while when the grinding proct is required to be fine, the variation of mill proctivity with feed particle size is not obvious
when the feed particle size is small, the grinding fineness is easy to achieve. But the fineness and proctivity are contradictory. When the feed particle size is the same, the mill proction capacity decreases with the increase of the fineness of grinding procts. The finer the grinding proct, the lower the proctivity. But for the coarse grinding process, the influence of the fineness of grinding procts on the mill proctivity is not as obvious as that of fine grinding. Therefore, according to the scale of concentrator and the nature of ore, the most suitable size of mill feed should be found out
the hardness of ore reflects the mineral composition and physical and mechanical properties of ore. The ore with dense structure, tiny crystal and high hardness is difficult to grind. Therefore, in the grinding process of such ores, the grinding time is required to be long in order to ensure the required grinding fineness, but generally speaking, it mainly affects the processing capacity of the mill. The ores with low hardness or advanced understanding are easy to grind, and the processing capacity per unit volume of the mill is also high
the hardness of ore is an unchangeable factor. In the proction, we should take a positive attitude towards the ores with higher hardness, such as finding out the most suitable ore discharge concentration, sand return volume and other operating conditions through experiments. In addition to considering the price of large ball mill, it is required to rece the particle size of ore from the crushing system as much as possible, and find out the best steel ball ratio under the condition of stable particle size
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