The calculation ability of bit continental mining machine

1. If you buy a miner, you can go to digyi mining to have a look. I bought one a few days ago, which has high calculation power.

2. From the user's point of view, bitcoin is a mobile application or computer program, which can provide a personal bitcoin wallet with which users can pay and receive bitcoin. This is how bitcoin works for most users

behind the scenes, the entire bitcoin network shares a public ledger called "blockchain.". This general ledger contains every transaction processed, so that the user's computer can verify the validity of each transaction. The authenticity of each transaction is protected by the electronic signature corresponding to the sending address, which enables users to have complete control over the bitcoin transferred out from their own bitcoin address. In addition, anyone can use the computing power of specialized hardware to process transactions and get a bitcoin reward for it. This service is often referred to as "mining."

bitcoin mining has gone through three stages of development. When bitcoin was just born, the price of bitcoin was very low. People just took bitcoin as a game and used their ordinary computers to mine. However, in 2012, with the rise of bitcoin price, people found that the mining speed of graphics cards was fast, so, People began to buy a large number of graphics cards and assemble them for mining, commonly known as "burning graphics cards"; The third stage is the well-known ASIC miner mining. Since Avalon proced the world's first ASIC bitcoin miner, bitcoin mining has been completely subverted, and mining has become a special professional thing.

3.

It is reported that the performance of bm1385 chip is more than twice that of bm1384

The power supply scheme of S7 is similar to that of S5. The S5 + mode of dense chip arrangement is adopted, which makes the arrangement structure more compact. Under the same space, 60 chips are placed in S5 and 162 chips are placed in S7

The price of S7 is 1823 US dollars, equivalent to 11650 RMB yuan, and the delivery time is from September 21 to September 30. At the same time, the official announced the parameters of ant mining machine S7. The chip adopts bm1385, a 28nm fully customized chip independently developed by bitcontinental, with a computing power of 4.86t and a power consumption of 1201w. Ant miner S7 is the best miner with the best power consumption ratio so far, and the power per T is about 250W

official website is not open for sale at the moment. Users of early adopters can place their orders in overseas official website. The delivery address is 17% of the Chinese mainland tax and the purchase price is 13630 yuan. p>

ant mining machine S7 specification parameters:

1. rated calculation force: 4.86 Th / S ± 5%

2. wall power consumption: 1210 watts (bit mainland apw3-1600 watt power supply, 93% AC / DC efficiency, 25 ℃ ambient temperature)

3. power efficiency: 0.25 Joule / GH (wall, 93% AC / DC efficiency, 25 ℃) ° C)

4. rated voltage: 12V ± 5%, which should not be lower than 12.0V

5. number of single power board chips: 162x bm1385

6. overall dimension: 301 mm (L) * 123 mm (W) * 155 mm (H)

7. cooling: 2 × 12038 fan

8. working temperature: 0 ℃ to 40 ℃

9. network connection: Ethernet

< / OL >

for details, please see "ant S7 miner start pre sale"

4. Because the mining algorithm is special, the mining efficiency of the graphics card has nothing to do with the interface bandwidth, and has nothing to do with whether there is a fire (several cards can be of different models). The computing power depends on the ability of each card. If six cards of a machine are of the same model, even if all pcielx ports are in the mode of 6X1, of course, the graphics card has the function of high temperature automatic frequency rection, and multi card should pay attention to heat dissipation.

5.

At the end of March this year, bitmainland launched an ant miner X3 based on ASIC, which is mainly aimed at Monroe coin (XmR) and cryptonight algorithm dependent cryptocurrency. Monroe coin immediately issued a counter statement that it will change the core algorithm to fight against the invasion of ASIC computing power

what would be the result if it appeared in the world of digital cryptocurrency? That is, the wrong calculation results may be brought into the whole network without being discovered

More importantly, if a "calculator manufacturer" monopolizes the calculator market, it can also deliberately proce this kind of calculator with errors to change the mathematical rules

after all, the "calculation" in the field of crypto digital currency is not as simple as 1 + 2 + 3. You can't compare paper currency with special currency by hand

the practical significance of computing power monopoly in mainland China

we have learned about attacks based on 51% computing power in various articles

but the reality is that although the global power of 78% was in Chinese mainland, fortunately, they were scattered in different pools and controlled by different people. p>

although all POW based cryptocurrencies have the risk of being attacked by 51%, few people can really launch attacks e to the dispersion of computing power

but what if the miners themselves don't want to attack, but the mining machinery manufacturers attack

still using the analogy just now, although each miner subjectively wants to do the problem checking independently, their calculator is manipulated remotely and gives consistent wrong answers. This may pose a great threat to digital cryptocurrency

however, the manufacturer with the absolute voice of mining machinery had such a problem in mainland China

in April 2017, the back door of antbled came out. Although this is described as a "vulnerability" in Chinese, antbled is more like a function that has been implemented and designed

anonymous people found that after an ant miner made by bitmainland was connected to the network, it would communicate with a domain name held by bitmainland on a regular basis and return the miner's serial number, MAC address and IP address to bitmainland's server. If the server of bitcontinent gives a negative signal, the miner will stop running

although bitcontinental responded that they could not shut down any mining machines that did not belong to them. However, the bitcoin core team has proved in experiments that this function has no verification. Anyone can shut down mining machines by forging DNS - but it also means that bitcoin mainland has the ability to shut down any sold mining machines

After

, bitcontinent fixed this "loophole", but it caused heated discussion in the community. This has also set the tone that almost all pow blockchain communities are biased against mainland China

a few months later, under the leadership of bitcontinent, viabtc g out the first block and made a hard bifurcation with the blockchain of bitcoin. From then on, bitcoin BCH (bitcoin cash) appeared in the world

will the monopoly of mining machinery destroy the distributed system

facing this problem, we should have a clear answer now. That is, the monopoly of mining machinery will certainly affect the safe operation of pow digital cryptocurrency

the problem is not whether bitcontinental and its founder Wu Jihan are trustworthy, but that one of the values of any blockchain system is to operate safely without trust in any single company or indivial

even if the ASIC miner is not monopolized by bitmainland, the ASIC miner itself will increase the concentration of computing power

the ASIC used for mining has great requirements for ventilation, power and site, and has no use except for mining. At the same time, the calculation difficulty of the whole network is increased e to the powerful computing power

as a result, it is very difficult for external players to start mining in the next software on the computer as they did five years ago. And the recent centralized exchange is caused by frequent black incidents, which also proves that concentration in this unregulated market will definitely lead to insecurity

assuming that the bitcoin network runs on top of one million miners, no one can shut it down. And if the bitcoin network runs on 20 large mines, it's much easier to shut it down

and by the end of 2017, 78% of the effort was concentrated in mainland China, which led to a real possibility of Chinese mainland regulators' launching a deadly attack against the special currency. p>

moreover, most of the scenarios of using digital cryptocurrency are related to "decentralization". Once centralized, it means that these scenarios no longer exist. It turns a project that might have value into a pure waste of computing power

Then, what measures should we take in the face of this situation

first of all, as the project side, it may be time to give up the pure POW mechanism. In fact, in many projects of issuing cryptocurrency, especially in asset securitization projects. Similar to the concept of stock in the real world, POS itself is more reasonable than pow

in the media that don't know about blockchain, we often hear such words as "bitcoin wastes a lot of computing power and has no value", which is reasonable to some extent. It is difficult for a POW based blockchain to bind the value of the project itself to the issued digital cryptocurrency - because the real value behind the price of the currency does not come from the project, but from the cost of maintaining computing power

and the hybrid mode of pow + POS is more like the future. In the hybrid mode, both coin holders and miners can participate in the major decisions of this community. If a decision is widely accepted, the blockchain will be soft forked to the latest state without excessive intervention of developers, and there will be almost no private resistance of miners or mining machines

secondly, as a retail miner, if you are still digging a pure POW mechanism currency, you should unconditionally support the bifurcation activities initiated by the community to resist the ASIC mining machine, even if it will lead to the failure of your mining machine

this may sound contradictory, but in the long run, it is better to promote the reform of the community and get more benefits in a currency controlled by the monopoly of computing power. Because in many conflicts between computing power and community in the past, the ultimate result is that the computing power owner will forcibly keep the old algorithm to hard fork the blockchain

just like Eth and etc, the classic Ethereum (etc), which belongs to the computing power master, has lost the support of developers and become an air coin with no vitality and impossible to develop applications

as a retail leek, you should be careful to trade the non mainstream digital currencies (except bitcoin) supported by bitmainland mining machinery, so as to avoid falling into a blockchain in which bitmainland controls the computing power completely

finally, if you are bitcontinent, what should you do

bitcontinent's goal is to become Intel, AMD and NVIDIA, make greater contributions to the whole computer instry, and become a great company, not just entangled in the immediate interests of mining

Wall Street financiers have long seen through the violence brought about by NVIDIA's video card mining. The rise and fall of the company's stock price has been consistent with the price of bitcoin, and even affected by the digital currency market. Citron, a well-known short seller, has recently been bearish on NVIDIA, arguing that the company has focused too much on providing services for digital currency miners rather than on serious businesses such as artificial intelligence, games and driverless driving

the mission of chip manufacturers is to provide more powerful chips to drive more intelligent services, and finally contribute to the real world, rather than become monopoly tycoons in the virtual world. When we no longer enter the gate of the virtual world, the only thing left is a deserted land

in an interview with US media last year, Wu Jihan disclosed that he would make an IPO with a market value of billions of dollars. As a company about to go public, bitmainland should not only be responsible to investors, but also accept investors' questions about the sustainability of its business. "If your mining machinery goes public, it will encounter a fork, what should you do?"

and this question, which needs to be asked after the listing, has already appeared: the current price of the split coin xmo after the Monroe team split is $7.50, while the current price of the real Monroe coin XmR is $194, and the split coin is completely abandoned by the Monroe community

before bitcontinent becomes the name of all blockchain communities, we can rely on the huge amount of capital accumulated in recent years to transform into an artificial intelligence chip company along the previous plan, rather than continue to develop a variety of digital currency mining machines to extract the last drop of oil before the ecological collapse

content source: phoenix.com

6. In fact, bitcoin mining can not blindly pursue the size of computing power, but also depends on the overall performance of the miner. For example, the single-mode group of Avalon mining machine 2 will be able to recover its cost in about 40 days, but the 800g recovery time of Avalon mining machine 3 is far away, unless the currency price rises. If you are a retail investor, it is suggested that you buy mining machines with small calculation power and fast cost recovery time, which should be regarded as playing. If you have abundant funds and the ability to set up large-scale mining plants, it is suggested that you buy mining machines with high calculation power and high profits. Avalon's 2.3t miner is said to be coming soon.

7. No, it's not cracked

8. I did. Oh, I didn't lie to you

9. There is no doubt that it can be surpassed. Although tianhe-2 has super computing power, it is not specially used for bitcoin mining. Bitcoin ASIC miner is specially designed for bitcoin algorithm, with strong computing power. Some netizens calculated a sum of money, and converted the computing power of tianhe-2 into mining efficiency. About two to three bitcoins can be g out in an hour, which is 15000 yuan. That's 360000 yuan a day. Mayor Chen Jianhua said that tianhe-2's daily electricity bill is 300000 yuan, which seems to make a little money. However, if labor costs, depreciation of machinery and other costs are taken into account, "mining" will not make much money. This is the result of last year's calculation. According to the current difficulty of mining, the profit is much less than this

at present, bitcoin mining is a very professional business, which has graally developed into an intensive large mine. The upgrading of bitcoin miner is very fast. Take Avalon miner, the mainstream miner in the market, as an example. At present, three generations of chips have been upgraded, and the fourth generation is expected to come out soon. In the future, it can be predicted that mining will graally move towards concentration, retail investors will graally disappear, and mining will have a large-scale effect.