AUC and miner

1.

1、 mining principle

at the beginning, we could dig bitcoin with the computer CPU. The founder of bitcoin, Nakamoto Tsung, g out the world's first creation block with his computer CPU. However, the era of CPU mining has long passed, and now bitcoin mining is the era of ASIC mining and large-scale cluster mining

looking back on the mining history, bitcoin mining has gone through the following five times: CPU mining → GPU mining → FPGA mining → ASIC mining → large-scale cluster mining, The mining speed changes are as follows:

CPU (20mhash / s) → GPU (400mhash / s) → FPGA (25ghash / s) → ASIC (3.5tash / s) → large scale cluster mining (3.5tash / s * x)

mining speed, which is called computing power in professional terms, that is, the ability of computer to generate hash collisions per second. In other words, how many hash collisions can our miner do per second is the calculation force. Computing power is the ability to dig bitcoin. The higher the computing power, the more bitcoin you dig, the higher the return

in the world of bitcoin, a data block is recorded about every 10 minutes. All mining computers are trying to package the data block and submit it, and the person who successfully generates the data block will get a bitcoin reward. Initially, bitcoin rewards of 50 bitcoins could be generated about every 10 minutes. But the payment is halved every four years, and now the bitcoin network can generate 25 bitcoins every 10 minutes

to successfully generate data blocks, miners need to find the effective hash value. To get the correct hash value, there is no shortcut. You can only guess. The process of guessing is the process of computer random hash collision. If you guess correctly, you will get bitcoin

Mining method: from a miner to a large-scale mine, you need to prepare a miner, a computer that can connect to the Internet, an AUC, a raspberry pie, power supply and all kinds of connecting lines, etc. The connection order of various devices is network cable - & gt; Raspberry pie - & gt; Microusb cable - & gt; AUC-> 4Pin cable - & gt; Mining machine and power supply

< EM > Figure 3: Mine Map (scale of tens of thousands of mining machines) < / EM >

nowadays, the profit space of small and medium-sized absenteeism who take one mining machine home or deploy a small family workshop (dozens of mining machines) is very limited, and the mining instry is graally concentrating on enterprises and teams with low-cost power resources and professional deployment ability

there are many factors that affect the mining revenue, such as the performance and power consumption of mining machinery, the computing power and difficulty of the whole network, the deployment and operation and maintenance capacity of the mine, the availability of low-cost electricity resources, and the currency price and policy guidance, etc. At present, excellent mining enterprises have the ability of chip research and development, a lot of computing power, professional mine deployment and operation experience, etc. in the future, resources and computing power will be more and more concentrated in these mining enterprises

2. Mine pool

in addition to the above equipment, you also need a necessary tool - mine pool. The function of the mine pool is to gather a large amount of mineral computing power, increase your probability of getting bitcoin, and at the same time, distribute your future bitcoin income to your account in advance

the simple explanation is as follows: now the bitcoin network generates a block every 10 minutes, which contains 25 bitcoins. Suppose there are 1W people in the world participating in mining, then in these 10 minutes, only one lucky person has taken these 25 bitcoins, and the others have nothing. The principle of the mine pool is that everyone mines in teams and distributes according to the agreed distribution method, so that the income of the miners' bitcoin tends to be stable and the risks of the miners are reced. Let's take the most common PPS allocation method as an example. Suppose that your computing power is 10t, and the computing power of the whole mine pool is 100t. Your computing power accounts for 1 / 10 of the total computing power of the mine pool. Suppose that the mine pool can generate 10 bitcoins a day, then you can get 1 bitcoin a day

3. Cloud computing power

in reality, the supply of mining machines often exceeds the demand, and at the same time, the delivery of mining machines needs a long waiting period. Miner installation, commissioning, maintenance and other processes are very complex, which requires a lot of energy. Miners have to enre the noise and heat of miner. For miners, the biggest cost is not these, but the high electricity charges consumed by mining. The profit space of small and medium-sized miners is getting smaller and smaller, even negative

Mining income and risk mining income can be calculated by the following formula:

Mining income = generated bitcoin * currency price - mining machinery cost - electricity fee - custody fee

if you are just a small miner, generally you only need to dect mining machinery cost and electricity fee

Mining risks are as follows:

< UL >

at present, the number of bitcoin is less than 4.5 million. If we do not issue additional bitcoin, the price of bitcoin will fluctuate, and the price callback will lead to the extension of the payback cycle

mining difficulty improvement at present, our machines can meet the market demand

the risk of power outage

< UL >

< EM >
< / EM >

2. 1. What is a mining license: 1. After the mine is handed in, it will be qualified to participate in the activity of "unclean mine cave"; ② Exchange copper money for reward; ③ The basis for settling the number of ore awards after the completion of the activity. 2. Access to mining license: ① participate in daily activities, open the activity interface (y key) to query the rewards of daily activities, and know which activities proce mining license at present; ② Kill the boss in the ; Open the boss treasure box to obtain the mining license. 3. Detailed explanation of the use method and matters needing attention of mining license: ① in bashiling, map, talk with a Chun, a mining assistant, and choose "I want to hand in the mining license". Location of the mining company, as shown in figure (1) ③ select the number of mining licenses you want to hand in, as shown in figure (2). After the completion of the hand in, you can get the corresponding amount of copper money, as well as the qualification to participate in the activity of "unclean mine". Tips: 1) a mining license can be immediately exchanged for 294 copper coins, and obtain the qualification to participate in the activity of "unclean mine". ② You can turn in more than one mining license at a time. The upper limit of the number is related to your character level. The higher the character level, the more mining licenses you can turn in. ③ The reserved ore will be obtained after you take part in the "dirty mine cave" activity. The quantity of ore you can obtain is related to the number of mining licenses you hand in on the same day. One license can be exchanged for 25 ore awards, that is, the quantity of ore you can obtain by participating in the activity = the number of mining licenses you hand in × 25 ④ Each person can only complete the task of "unclean mine cave" activity once a day. The higher the character level, the more monsters you need to kill in the activity. Therefore, you'd better hand in the mining license as much as possible at one time, so as not to waste your hard work. ⑤ When you finish the task of "dirty mine", you will not be able to obtain ore after you continue to hand in the mining license. Only the next day can the ore be obtained.

3.

1. AUC is the area under the drug time curve, which represents the bioavailability of the drug (the degree of absorption and utilization of the drug in the human body). If AUC is large, the bioavailability is high, otherwise it is low

Cmax was the peak concentration of the drug. The maximum plasma drug concentration on the time curve is the highest plasma drug concentration that can be achieved after treatment

Tmax was the peak time of drug action. It refers to the time required to reach the highest concentration (drug peak concentration) on the human plasma drug concentration curve after administration

extended data

related characteristics:

bioavailability (EBA) refers to the ratio of the total amount of drugs absorbed by the test preparation and the reference preparation, which is used to measure the degree of drug absorption. It can be calculated by the ratio of the area under the blood concentration time curve (AUC)

The drug peak concentration is closely related to the clinical application of drugs. Only when the peak concentration reaches the effective concentration can the effect be obvious, and if it is higher than the safe range, it can show the toxic reaction. In addition, the peak concentration is an important index to measure the absorption and safety of the preparation

the time of drug peak was short, which indicated that the drug absorbed quickly and took effect quickly, but also eliminated quickly; The long peak time of the drug indicates that the absorption and onset of the drug are slow, and the ration of the drug action is often prolonged

4. The input terminal behind the power amplifier is actually the same, but the model is separated to facilitate the switching of input source. For example, CD input and AUC input, you plug a sound source into the CD side and a sound source into the AUC side. In this way, when you need to switch the input source to control the power amplifier, you only need to turn the knob or key to switch to the corresponding CD or AUC

5. The vowel combination Au pronounces the long vowel / & "596" in a single word/ When pronouncing, the back of the tongue is raised, the tongue is low, the gums are half open, the lips are round and slightly prominent. This sound appears at the beginning, middle or end of the word, such as:
August
sauce
sausages
naughty
applause applause
I hope I can help you solve your doubts.

6. The price ratio of the two indexes is calculated, but the reference quantity selected is different. La index is based on the current price to buy the base period of goods as the standard, while PA index is based on the current price to buy the current period of goods as the standard. What is consistent with the CPI we calculate now is the pull index, which will be overestimated to a certain extent. I don't know if I have made it clear. I can read the explanation in the book.

7. Process file: wmiprvse or wmiprvse.exe
process name: Microsoft Windows Management Instrumentation

Description:
wmiprvse.exe is a part of Microsoft Windows operating system. Used to handle WMI operations through the winmgmt.exe program. This program is very important for the normal operation of your system

wuacuit.exe is an automatic system update program. Just turn off the automatic update

8. AUC(mg/ml.min)

9.

Auclast: from the time of administration to the last point

AUCINF_ PRED: AUC of the time from the beginning of administration to the theoretical extrapolation infinity; AUCINF_ In PRED calculation, the last point concentration is calculated by linear regression (for example, the last observation time point is 24 hours, and the last is the predicted concentration calculated by regression equation in 24 hours)

the zero moment is AUC, which is proportional to the dosage and is a function of the enantiomer. The first moment is MRT, which reflects the average residence time of drug molecules in the body, It's a function of velocity. For intravenous administration, MRT indicated the time needed to eliminate 63.2% of the dose when the blood concentration time curve showed the characteristics of single exponential equation

extended data:

precautions:

1. Drugs are mostly cold and easy to damage the spleen and stomach, so the patients with spleen and stomach qi deficiency, less food and loose stools should be cautious

Bitter cold medicine is easy to change dryness and injure Yin, heat syndrome injures yin or yin deficiency patients should be cautious

3. Antipyretic drugs should not be used in the syndrome of excessive Yin and excessive Yang or true winter heat. Modern pharmacological studies have proved that antipyretic drugs generally have antiviral and antipyretic effects, and some drugs have antitumor, sedative, hypotensive, antiallergic, and enhancing specific or nonspecific functions