Ghash pit
at present, the computing power of bitcoin in the whole network has reached 2.36 billion hash collisions per second, which is equivalent to the number of water droplets in more than 200000 50 meter long standard swimming pools. But even with such a large amount of computing power, it will take about 10 minutes to hit a hash value that meets the requirements
in 2012, bitcoin's output was halved for the first time, and in July 2016, bitcoin's output was halved for the second time. At present, 12.5 bitcoins are awarded for recording one page of account book. The next halving will take place around 2020, and the total number of bitcoins will not increase by 2040, with a total of 21 million. In other words, the difficulty of digging bitcoin is increasing, while the time required is increasing
Bitcoin is a kind of network virtual currency. Bitcoin network generates new bitcoin through "mining". In essence, the so-called "mining" is to use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem to ensure the consistency of bitcoin network distributed accounting system. Assuming that the mining computing power is 100 mhash / s and the total computing power is 4000 ghash / s per day, 3600 bitcoins can be g out every 24 hours
China's computing power has accounted for more than 75% of the world, that is to say, 75% of bitcoin in the world is made in China. How long does it take to dig a bitcoin
bitcoin used to be very good at "digging", which can be done by ordinary computer CPU, and it can automatically "solve problems" by downloading software. But with the rise of currency price, more and more people want to "solve the problem", and the difficulty of mining is also increasing. Now, the amount of computation needed to dig a bitcoin is beyond the reach of ordinary people. Ordinary computers can't afford it
instry insiders said that in 2014, 100 bitcoins were generated from 500000 yuan of electricity charge per day, and the cost of electricity charge alone was 5000 yuan per coin. But now, the same cost has more than doubled, and the electricity cost of each bitcoin is as high as 10000 yuan
in the generation mechanism of bitcoin, mining reward is decreasing. At the beginning of the birth of bitcoin, the miners could get 50 bitcoins for each page of the ledger, and then 25 bitcoins for each page of the ledger, decreasing in turn. It's like digging gold. At first, it's more and less. The time point at which each new reward is reced by half is called half bitcoin proction
assuming that the mining computing power is 100 mhash / s, the total computing power is 4000 ghash / s per day in 2014, and 3600 bitcoins are g out every 24 hours
now, we can understand the difficulty of bitcoin digging in this way, which is equivalent to 100 million dice throwing numbers less than 100 million and 50 million. Whoever throws them first will get the bookkeeping right. At this point, 1050 million is a hash value. The process of throwing dice is called hash collision. The unit of mining power is the number of hash collisions per second
at present, the computing power of bitcoin in the whole network has reached 2.36 billion hash collisions per second, which is equivalent to the number of water droplets in more than 200000 50 meter long standard swimming pools. But even with such a large amount of computing power, it will take about 10 minutes to hit a hash value that meets the requirements
in 2012, bitcoin's output was halved for the first time, and in July 2016, bitcoin's output was halved for the second time. At present, 12.5 bitcoins are awarded for recording one page of account book. The next halving will take place around 2020, and the total number of bitcoins will not increase by 2040, with a total of 21 million
Related videos: how long does it take to dig a bitcoin
Why do small enterprises need law and large enterprises need law? Because enterprises need high human cost to improve, supervise and implement the management system. And the department work of small enterprises is not saturated, so the management can not proce benefits, so the boss is unable to support the human cost. If there are too many managers in an enterprise, not only the boss will not make money, but also the enterprise will be in debt. Basically, because the management has the final say, the rule of law management is not effective. For example, foreign employees can leave work without asking about the company. Is Chinese enterprises OK? A lot of boss's private affairs have become employees' work. After work in the evening, maybe the boss will call you back to work overtime. Can the staff not go? Can the boss stop calling? No, because the enterprise is too small, there are too many things, and it's too urgent. The boss is busy, but who doesn't he call you? This is China's national conditions. Foreign employees can shut down after work. Chinese employees can try to shut down. Maybe they will ask you to pack and leave the next day. Therefore, Chinese enterprises should not blindly learn from foreign enterprise management mode, because you are in China, not in foreign countries
Why do small businesses need to be governed by people? Because most small business owners can't afford to pay high wages, most of the talents they recruit are employees who are attracted by their own human relations. People help the boss to work regardless of pay for their emotional relationship. If the boss controls everything and doesn't trust the employees, who else will want to work with you. Therefore, the success of small businesses basically depends on the boss's personality charm in the leaders and influence people, rather than on the system in the managers. Although this kind of management method is unscientific, it is efficient. As a start-up enterprise, the effect is more important than the truth, so the little boss must not superstition what too deep enterprise management, suitable is the best
Why do large enterprises need the rule of law? Because the enterprise is big, there are many people, the boss's personal ability is limited, his language and behavior influence is also limited. If the enterprise does not have an effective management mechanism, then many important documents or important decisions of the enterprise can not be effectively implemented or communicated. There will be a big difference between what the employees do and what the boss thinks. So large enterprises need the rule of law. In addition, the advantage of the rule of law is to solve the unfair phenomenon of enterprises. Let employees compete and grow in a fair, just, open, reasonable and legal market environment. We have the responsibility to bear together, the fault to punish together, the goal to struggle together, the achievement to share together
the problem with most enterprises in China is that the boss does not know under what circumstances the enterprise should be governed by man and under what circumstances the enterprise should be governed by law. Because the development of Chinese enterprises is basically a process from the rule of man to the rule of law. Too early or too late rule of law will be detrimental to the development of enterprises. Therefore, too many enterprises in China either go bankrupt under the rule of man or disappear under the rule of law. Because the rule of man is too loose and the rule of law is too strict and cautious, enterprises often die as soon as they are in charge and mess as soon as they are released. The boss does not know whether the rule of law is good or the rule of man is good. More people lose prestige, less people lose cohesion. If you rule by law too early, you will be alone; If you rule by man too late, you will lose power. Therefore, it is a difficult process for an enterprise to change from rule by man to rule by law. First, the awareness of the boss, second, the determination of the boss, third, the courage of the boss, and at the same time, the opportunity should be grasped. Only in this way can the enterprise effectively transition from the rule of man to the rule of law, so as to make the enterprise develop healthily!
5. How to get u coin http://sinapay.sina.com.cn/ (1> Token is the latest micro payment method launched by Sina, which can pay for many paid value-added procts and services. Pay with token, you can enjoy more discount, recharge convenient, pay fast, safe and trustworthy. 2> With sina u-coin, you can consume a lot of Internet value-added procts and services on Sina: A & gt; Monthly dating package: enjoy luxury online album, search and Internet ranking priority, speed dating priority, etc.B & gt; Game: game to download, guess, single game download. C & gt; Igame: Cool spin game, spin color image, dream home. D & gt; Greeting cards: paper and e-cards, with novel styles and rich themes, can be designed by yourself; Constellation: Star picking factory, science and technology crape myrtle and fate magic, you can learn more about your career, love and fortune; Film and television: the video zone has a wealth of film and television works and cartoons, there must be some you like)
& quot; You can buy u-coin conveniently, quickly and safely in many ways, such as:
A & gt; Mobile phone: using your mobile phone or a friend's mobile phone, you can easily get the u-coin recharge card number by dialing a number, and then recharge your u-coin account, which is convenient and fast, and the cost is dected from your mobile phone fee of the current month
note: for the safety of mobile phone users, each mobile phone can be purchased up to 8 times per natural month
(prepaid users have not been opened yet), Unicom mobile phone opening area: the whole country, note: Unicom prepaid users have not been opened yet, please consult 1001 for details. Card purchase method: Dial 10159011108
Chongqing mobile users and Zhejiang Mobile users (purchase with mobile phone points)< br />b> Broadband: use your broadband account to recharge u coin directly, and the fee will be charged together with your broadband fee
note: please consult: Telecom 10000, Netcom 10060 for the maximum monthly consumption limit
users of the Internet star can recharge their u-coin accounts through the Internet star National Center
Internet star users, Beijing Netcom broadband users, Shanghai through train users
C & gt; Fixed line telephone: use fixed line telephone or PHS to buy u-coin recharge card, and the fee will be dected from your telephone fee of the current month
note: please refer to: Telecom 10000, Netcom 10060 for the maximum monthly consumption limit
query the opening city and standard address of tariff: http://sinapay.sina.com.cn/other/tellist.html
d> Bank card: please make sure that your bank card has opened the online payment function
CMB all in one card, CCB long card and other bank cards
offline purchase of recharge cards (Beijing): Beijing users can purchase recharge cards from more than 1000 bank outlets and enjoy professional banking services. List of outlets of Beijing Commercial Bank, Beijing CITIC Instrial Bank, Beijing Rural Credit Cooperatives (Haidian District, Miyun County, Fengtai District, Chaoyang District, Yanqing County, Mentougou District, Fangshan County, Daxing County, Shunyi District, Shijingshan District, Pinggu County, Huairou County, Tongzhou District, Changping County)
list of outlets of Beijing Commercial Bank, Beijing CITIC Instrial Bank and Beijing Rural Credit Cooperatives
1Ghash=1,000 M hash
solution:
analyze transaction risk
payment channel
signed by trusted third party
remote authentication
ID verification
block waiting for confirmation
punish double payment